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Erosion wear of laminated ceramic nozzles.pdf

JQ50滑移式起重夹钳设备的总体设计【5张CAD图纸和说明书】

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关键词：: jq50 滑移起重夹钳设备装备总体整体设计 cad 图纸以及说明书仿单

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摘要

本文首先对起重夹钳技术的发展及应用情况、国内外的发展状况及发展趋势，通过对50kg起重机的设计方案的确定，包括针对本设计选取起重机的型号，确定为臂架式起重机，然后对起重机结构的各个部件进行设计，包括夹持机构、吊臂、钳臂、轴、自动开关装置和设备稳定性分析等等的设计。采用了机械设计的一般设计方法，机械设计辅助软件AutoCAD和Pro/e，设计制作出起重夹钳设备，吊起重量达50Kg，起升速度达0.1m/s,运行速度达0.5m/s,搬运物体快速便捷，无卡壳，设备运行良好。

通过了解学习掌握夹钳装置的工作原理，对起重夹钳装置的结构进行分类与分析，通过分析从而确定起重机设计方案夹钳装置的设计，传动装置方案的设计以及分析设备的稳定性。

关键字：起重机；起重夹钳；机构设计；自动开关装置；稳定性

ABSTRACT

This paper firstly lifting clamp technology development and application, domestic and foreign development and development trend of 50kg crane, through the design scheme based on the determination of design, including selecting the model, determine crane for arm, then to pose crane components of the crane structure design, including holding mechanism, the arm, clamp arm, axle, automatic switch devices and equipment stability analysis and so on design. Adopted the general design method of mechanical design, mechanical design support software AutoCAD and Pro/e, design a lifting clamp device, lift the weight of hoisting speed, 50Kg of 0.1 m/s, operation speed reaches 0.5 m/s, handling objects without jam, fast and convenient, equipment operation is good.

By understanding learn clamp device's working principle, the structure of the crane clamp device classified and analysis, through the analysis to determine crane design scheme clamp device design, transmission device scheme design and analysis equipment stability.

Keywords: Lifting appliance； Clamping devices； Design of structure； Automatic

control device； Stability

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

1 起重机简介 1

1.1现代起重机的特征和发展趋向 1

1.2国产起重机与国外产品的差距 5

2起重夹钳简介 7

2.1 国内外起重夹钳发展状况 7

2.2 常用夹钳装置的发展与应用 7

2.3.1 螺杆夹紧式 8

2.3.2 夹钳自重夹紧式 9

2.3.3 夹钳装置自重夹紧式 12

2.3.4 钢绳张力附加夹紧式 13

3 设计目的及主要内容 15

3.1 设计的基本内容 15

3.2 设计目的 15

4 50kg 起重机的设计方案的确定 15

4.1 50kg起重机的设计思想 15

4.2 50kg起重机种类的选择与确定 15

4.3 臂架式起重机的工作原理 16

4.4 50kg起重机电机的选择 17

4.5 50kg起重机的传动装置方案的设计 17

4.5.1功率与效率 17

4.5.2速度 18

4.5.3外廓尺寸、质量和成本 18

4.6 50kg起重机结构的设计方案 19

4.6.1起重机构件的材料选择 19

4.6.2 起重机构件的设计方案 20

5 50 kg起重夹钳主机的总体设计 21

5.1 起重夹钳设计思想 21

5.2 50kg起重夹钳工作原理 22

5.3 起重夹钳的夹持机构 22

5.4 吊臂的设计 22

5.4.1吊臂的材料的选择 23

5.4.2吊臂的尺寸计算 23

5.5 钳臂的设计 23

5.5.1钳臂的材料的选择 23

5.5.2钳臂1的设计 23

5.5.3钳臂2的设计 24

5.6 轴的设计 27

5.6.1轴的材料选择 27

5.6.2主轴的设计 28

5.6.3轴1的设计 29

5.6.4轴2的设计 30

5.6.5吊轴的设计 30

6 起重夹钳主要部件的工艺 31

6.1 吊臂的工艺 31

6.2 钳臂的工艺 31

6.3 轴的工艺 31

7 自动开关装置的设计 32

7.1自动开关装置的材料选择 32

7.2自动开关装置的结构设计 32

8 设备的稳定性分析 34

8.1温度对系统稳定性的影响 34

8.2机械加工及整体装配对系统稳定性的影响 34

9 润滑剂的选择 35

10 结论及前景 36

10.1 结论 24

10.2 前景 25

参考文献 37

致谢 38

1. 起重机械简介

起重机械是现代工业企业中实现生产过程机械化、自动化、减轻繁重体力劳动、提高劳动生产率的重要工具和设备。如在港口码头和铁路车站，没有起重机械，装卸工作就不能进行；在冶金生产中．起重机械已用于金属生产的全部过程；现代建筑工程，不能离开起重机械；在农业和林场，最困难、最费力的工作也由起重机械来完成；在核发电站中，采用特殊的起重机，用以代替人的操作去担当对人体健康有严重危害的作业。随着科学技术和生产的发展．起重机械在不断地完善和发展之中。

1.1现代起重机的特征和发展趋向

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内容简介：: ZhaoevaluateduringC211 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.abrasive particles and carrier gas coming out from a nozzleimpinges on the target surface and erodes it. The fine par-mass flow rate and impact angle 57, the erodent abrasiveproperties 810, the nozzle material and its geometrysection in sand blasting (see Fig. 1), the nozzle entry regionsuers form severe abrasive impact, which may cause largetance 1922. Residual stresses arise from a mismatchbetween the coecients of thermal expansion (CTE), sin-tering rates and elastic constants of the constituent phasesand neighbouring layers, and the residual stress fielddepends on the geometry of the layered structure and onthe thickness ratio among layers 2326. Toschi 22*Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 531 88392047.E-mail address: jxdeng (D. Jianxin).International Journal of Refractory Metals Ceramic materials; Laminated materials; SiC1. IntroductionSand blasting treatment is an abrasive machining pro-cess and is widely used for surface strengthening 1, surfacemodification 2, surface clearing and rust removal 3,4,etc. It is suitable for the treatment of hard and brittle mate-rials, ductile metals, alloys, and nonmetallic materials. Inthe sand blasting process, a very high velocity jet of fine1116, and the temperatures 17,18. Ceramics, beinghighly wear resistance, have great potential as the sandblasting nozzle materials.Several studies 11,15 have shown that the entry area ofa ceramic nozzle exhibited a brittle fracture inducedremoval process, while the center area showed plowingtype of material removal mode. As the erosive particleshit the nozzle at high angles (nearly 90C176) at the nozzle entryErosion wear of laminatedDeng Jianxin*, Liu Lili,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong UniversitReceived 31 March 2006;AbstractSiC/(W,Ti)C ceramic nozzles with laminated structures were producedand exit region of the nozzle. Finite element method was used tocoecients and shrinkage of the SiC and (W,Ti)C solidsolutionthe laminated ceramic nozzle was assessed by sand blasting; the resultsnozzle with the same composition. The experimental results have shownresistance to that of the homologous stress-free nozzles.0263-4368/$ - see front matter C211 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2006.06.005ceramic nozzlesJinlong, Sun Junlongy, Jinan 250061, Shandong Province, PR Chinaaccepted 30 June 2006by hot pressing in order to reduce the tensile stress at the entrythe residual stresses due to the dierent thermal expansionthe sintering process of the composite. The erosion wear ofwere compared with those obtained with an unstressed referencethat the laminated ceramic nozzles have superior erosion /locate/ijrmhmMaterials 25 (2007) 263270element method. The erosion wear ofthe laminatedceramicnozzles was investigated in comparison with an unstressedreference nozzle with the same composition.2. Materials and experimental procedures2.1. Preparation of SiC/(W,Ti)C laminated ceramicnozzle materialsThe starting materials were (W,Ti)C solidsolution pow-ders with average grain size of approximately 0.8 lm, pur-ity 99.9%, and SiC powders with average grain size of1 lm, purity 99.8%. Six dierent volume fractions of(W,Ti)C (55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65 vol.%) were selected indesigning the SiC/(W,Ti)C laminated nozzle material witha six-layer structure. The compositional distribution of thelaminated ceramic nozzle materials is shown in Fig. 2.Itisindicated that the compositional distribution of the lami-264 D. Jianxin et al. / International Journal of Refractory Metals TiC : E 480 GPa; m 0:25; a 8:5C210C06KC01;k 21:4W=mK:SiC : E 450 GPa; m 0:16; a 4:6C210C06KC01;k 33:5W=mK:Owing to the symmetry, an axisymmetric calculationwas preferred. Presume that it was steady state boundaryconditions. The results of the distribution of the axialstresses in the GN-3 laminated nozzle in fabricating process at dierentshowed higher cumulative mass loss under the same testconditions.The worn ceramic nozzles were cut after operation inlongitudinal directions for failure analysis. Fig. 10 showsthe photos of the inner bore profile of the GN-3 andCN-2 nozzles after 540 min operation. It is showed thatinner bore diameter of the worn CN-2 nozzle along thenozzle longitudinal directions is larger than that of theworn GN-3 laminated nozzles, especially at the nozzleentry region.The results of the nozzle entry bore diameter variationwith the erosion time of for GN-3 and CN-2 nozzles areshown in Fig. 11. It is indicated that the entry bore dia-meter enlarges greatly with the operation time for CN-2stress-free nozzle. While the entry bore diameter increasesslowly with the operation time for GN-3 laminated nozzle.Fig. 12 shows the comparison of the erosion rates for GN-3and CN-2 nozzles in sand blasting processes. It is obviousthat the erosion rate of the stress-free nozzles is higherthan that of the laminated nozzles. Therefore, it is appar-ently that the GN-3 laminated nozzles exhibited higher ero-sion wear resistance over the CN-2 stress-free nozzle underthe same test conditions.268 D. Jianxin et al. / International Journal of Refractory Metals 128:13952.9 Shipway PH, Hutchings IM. The influence of particle properties on270 D. Jianxin et al. / International Journal of Refractory Metals 1998.2 Deng Jianxin, Lee Taichiu. Techniques for improved surface integrityand reliability of machined ceramic composites. Surface Engineering2000;16(5):4114.3 Raykowski A, Hader M. Blasting cleaning of gas turbine compo-nents: deposit removal and substrate deformation. Wear 2001;249:12732.4 Djurovic B, Jean E. Coating removal from fiber composites andaluminum using starch media blasting. Wear 1999;224:2237.5 Oka YI, Ohnogi H. The impact angle dependence of erosion damagecaused by solid particle impact. Wear 1997;203204:5739.6 Finnie I, Stevick GR, Ridgely JR. The influence of impingementangle on the erosion of ductile metals by angular abrasive particles.Wear 1992;152:917.7 Wellman RG, Allen C. The eect of angle of impact and materialproperties on the erosion rates of ceramics. Wear 1995;186187:11723.the erosive wear of sintered boron carbide. Wear 1991;149:8598.10 Bahadur S, Badruddin R. Erosion particle characterization and theeect of particle size and shape on erosion, Proceedings of theinternational conference on wear of materials, ASME, New York,(1989): 14353.11 Deng Jianxin. Erosion wear of boron carbide nozzles by abrasive air-jets. Materials Science Engineering A 2005;408(12):22733.12 Deng Jianxin, Feng Yihua, Ding Zeliang. Wear behaviors of theceramic nozzles in sand blasting treatments. Journal of the EuropeanCeramic Society. 2003;23:3239.13 Deng Jianxin, Zhang Xihua, Niu Pingzhang, et al. Wear of ceramicnozzles by dry sand blasting. Tribology International 2006;39(3):27480.14 Deng Jianxin. Sand erosion performance of B4C/(W,Ti)C ceramicblasting nozzles. Advances in Applied Ceramics 2005;104:5964.15 Deng Jianxin, Zheng Zhongcai, Ding Zeliang, et al. Erosion wear ofceramic and cemented carbide nozzles in dry sand blasting process.British Ceramic Transactions 2003;102:615.16 Wood RJK, Wheeler DW, Lejeau DC. Sand erosion performance ofCVD boron carbide coated tungsten carbide. Wear 1999;233235:13450.17 Deng Jianxin, Ding Zeliang, Yuan Dongling. Erosion wear mecha-nisms of coal-water-slurry (CWS) ceramic nozzles. Materials ScienceEngineering A 2006;417(12):17.18 Ding Zeliang, Deng Jianxin, Li Jianfeng, et al. Wear behavior ofceramic nozzles in coal water slurry burning. Ceramics International2004;34(4):5916.19 Lakshminarayanan R, Shetty DK, Cutler RA. Toughening of layeredceramic composites with residual surface compression. Journal ofAmerican Ceramic Society 1996;79(1):7987.20 Cai PZ, Green DJ, Messing GL. Mechanical characterization ofAl2O3/ZrO2hybrid laminates. Journal of the European CeramicSociety 1998;5:202534.21 Tarlazzi A, Roncari E, Pinasco P, Guicciardi S, et al. Tribologicalbehaviour of Al2O3/ZrO2- ZrO2laminated composites. Wear2000;244:2940.22 Toschi F, Melandri C, Pinasco P, et al. Influence of residual stress onthe wear behaviour of alumina/aluminazirconia laminated compos-ites. Journal of American Ceramic Society 2003;86(9):154753.23 Hillman C, Suo Z, Lange FF. Cracking of laminates subjected tobiaxial tensile stre

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