QD20t-25.5m箱形双梁桥式起重机主梁及端梁设计【5张CAD图纸和说明书】

摘要

桥式起重机的梁有多种结构，本设计采用箱形双梁结构。主梁跨度25.5m ,是由上、下盖板和两块垂直的腹板组成封闭箱形截面实体板梁连接。因本设计的起重量比较大，故主梁内部设置横纵加劲板，以保证主梁桥架受载后的稳定性。

端梁部分在起重机中有着重要的作用，它是承载平移运输的关键部件。端梁部分是由车轮组合端梁架组成，端梁部分主要有上盖板，腹板和下盖板组成；端梁是由两段通过连接板和角钢用高强螺栓连接而成。在端梁的内部设有加强筋，以保证端梁架受载后的稳定性。

本设计大车运行机构部分采用分别驱动，分别驱动省去了中间部分的传动轴，使得质量减轻，尺寸减小。分别驱动的结构不因主梁的变形而在大车传动性机能方面受到影响，从而保证了运行机构多方面的可靠性。所以，大车运行机构采用分别驱动。

设计中参考了各种资料, 运用各种途径, 努力利用各种条件来完成此次设计。本设计通过反复斟酌各种设计方案, 认真讨论, 不断反复校核, 力求设计合理;通过采取计算机辅助设计方法以及参考前人的先进经验, 力求有所创新;通过计算机辅助设计方法, 绘图和设计计算都充分发挥计算机的强大辅助功能, 力求设计高效。

关键词:箱形双梁  桥式起重机  主梁  端梁  

ABSTRACT

The beam has a variety of structure of bridge crane，This design uses the box beam structure. Girder span 25.5 m, is composed of upper and lower cover plate and two vertical web form closed entity board box section beam connection. Because the weight is large since the design of main girder internal setting transverse and longitudinal stiffening plate, to ensure the stability of the main girder bridge frame after loading.

Beam section has an important role in the crane, it is the key of the carrying truck transportation parts. Beam section is made up by the wheels of side beams, beam of a cover plate, web plate and the lower cover plate; Beam is made up of two paragraphs by connecting plate and Angle iron with high strength bolt connection and into. In the end beam with internal stiffeners, to ensure the stability of side beams after loading.

This part adopts respectively drive design supporting institutions, respectively to drive out the middle part of the drive shaft, make the quality to reduce, reduce the size. Respectively drive structure is not due to deformation of the girder in cart driving function of sex is affected, thus ensuring the reliability of the operation aspects. So, cart running mechanism driven by respectively.

Reference in the design of various materials, using various channels, trying to use a variety of conditions to complete the design. This design through a premade each kind of design scheme of serious discussion, is repeated, strive to design reasonable; By adopting the computer aided design method and reference the advanced experience of predecessors, makes every effort to innovate; By the method of computer aided design, drawing and design calculation are powerful auxiliary function to give full play to the computer, to design high efficiency.

KEY WORDS: box double beam  bridge crane  main beam  below beam

目录

第1章 前言··········································································1

  1.1 概述·············································································1

  1.2我国的发展前景·································································2

第2章 总体设计····································································5

  2.1起重机的总体设计······························································5

2.2选择确定总体参数······························································6

2.3主要尺寸的确定·································································6

2.4 主、端梁的连接································································7

第3章 主要部分的计算··························································9

  3.1 主梁的计算·····································································9

  3.2 端梁的计算····································································18

  3.3 主要焊缝的计算·······························································23

第4章 大车运行机构的计算···················································26

  4.1 确定机构的传动方案··························································26

  4.2 车轮材料的选择·······························································28

  4.3 车轮强度验算··································································29

4.4 运行阻力计算··································································30

4.5 电动机的计算··································································30

4.6 减速器的选择··································································31

4.7 验算启动时间··································································32

4.8 选择制动器·····································································34

4.9 疲劳强度验算···································································35

第5章 毕业设计小节······························································37

参考文献···············································································38

附：英文原文

英文翻译

    毕业实习报告

第1章 前言

1.1概述

起重机属于起重机械的一种，是一种作循环、间歇运动的机械。一个工作循环包括：取物装置从取物地把物品提起，然后水平移动到指定地点降下物品，接着进行反向运动，使取物装置返回原位，以便进行下一次循环。

起重机械可以分为桥式起重机、门式起重机、塔式起重机、流动式起重机、铁路起重机、门座起重机、升降机、缆索起重机、桅杆起重机、旋臂式起重机、轻小型起重机和机械式停车设备。  

桥式起重机是横架于车间、仓库和料场上空进行物料吊运的起重设备。由于它两端坐落在高大的水泥柱上或金属支架上，形状似桥，所以俗称“天车”和“行车”。它是适用范围最广、数量最多的一种起重机械。

桥式起重机是现代工业生产和起重运输中实现生产过程机械化、自动化的重要工具和设备，可减轻操作者的劳动强度，提高生产率。桥式起重机在工矿企业、钢铁化工、铁路交通、港口码头以及物流周转等部门和场所均得到广泛的运用，它是人们生产活动中不可缺少的一种设备。

桥式起重机的类型很多，其中通用桥式起重机和龙门起重机最为普遍，这两种类型起重机的的结构和操作方法基本相同，不同之处在于大车运行轨道的位置，通用桥式起重机是在高空，龙门起重机是在地面，由此带来支承结构的不同。