关 键 词：

多功能 自拍 结构设计 cad 图纸 源文件

资源描述：

内容简介：

1文资料翻译资料来源：文章名：The principle and application of video camera书刊名：Digital Image Processing作者：Kenneth R. Castleman出版社：清华大学出版社，2002章节：1.2 The Element of Digital Image Processing页码：P2P7文 章 译 名：摄像机的原理和应用1The principle and application of video cameraWith the rapid development of computer and network communication technology, digital information has penetrated into all aspects of society. Set off a worldwide information revolution. Since the concept of digital information appear in a few years, digital technology has on our life, work and learners to occupy the important position. Digital cameras and digital video camera is in this context. As a computer professional external social security, with its powerful digital image capture, influence function, smart setting level city, simple and quick operation method, the large capacity of information storage technology and excellent adaptability in a wide variety of information equipment projection. Their applications not only confined to professional users, ordinary households is also a sharp rise in the number of digital cameras and digital video camera will eventually become a dark gray widespread popularization of digital products in the life.From a practical point of view, digital cameras and digital video camera use is increasingly close, both of which can realize digital images and dynamic images, storage and processing. Therefore, the combination of book market popular models in recent years, by the combined way of graphic image intuitive, comprehensive system introduces the digital cameras and digital video all-in-one machine structure, working principle, 2market environment, using method and maintenance to maintain daily. On this basis, further introduced the digital image and dynamic video post-production technology.Mainly includes the following several parts: video machine lens, fuselage video unit, viewfinder, pickup unit and power supply unit. Video shooting, the pick up of sound and signal recorded at an organic whole. Camera when shooting scenery, scenery in the form of light through the lens, the light through the lens to more color and neuter color temperature filter processing, then enter the dispersion prism incident light is decomposed into red, green, blue three primary colors of light, illuminate the CCD target surface finish photoelectric conversion, form a weak electrical signals, through prevention circuit for signal amplification. Due to the camera, color filter, filter and dispersion prism optics such as not idealized form of electrical signals exist the certain flaw, cannot guarantee the image quality after the reduction, need to all kinds of signal amplification, supplement and correction, this section through the signal processing circuit, composed of two parts of the analog and digital processing. Accords with a requirement only after these processing can form the basis of video signal, and then went to the requirements of the various encoder output video signal, such as simulation, simulation component, digital weight and digital high-definition signals, and so on, 3and finally into the signal recording unit, complete mixing of audio and video signals, and finally recorded by way of a tape or disk.The use of the camera image monitoring technology has a qualitative leap. First of all, network cabling system replaces the traditional video analog wiring, has realized the real three nets (video, audio, data), network cameras plug and play, the project is simple, convenient system expansion; Second, cross-regional remote monitoring possible, especially using the Internet, video surveillance has no distance limit, and the image is clear, stable and reliable; Again, image storage, retrieval, very safe, convenient, long distance can store, more machine backup storage and fast nonlinear search and so on.Network cameras generally consists of camera, image sensors, sound sensors, A/D converter, images, sound, controllers, web server, external alarm, control interface and other components.Lens: the lens as the front part of the IP camera has a fixed aperture, automatic aperture, automatic zoom, automatically change times, such as species, the same as the analog cameras.Image sensors, sound sensors, image sensors with CMOS and CCD two modes. CMOS is complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS silicon and germanium was mainly used these two elements are made of semiconductor, negatively charged and positively charged on the CMOS 4transistors to realize the basic functions. The current can be produced by two complementary effect to interpret and image processing chip records. CMOS for CCDs main advantage is very save electricity. Unlike consisting of diode CCD and CMOS circuit almost no static power consumption. This makes the power consumption of CMOS is only 1/3 of ordinary CCD, CMOS important question is, when dealing with images of the overheating due to current transform too frequently. Dark current suppression is no big problem, if the suppression is bad is very easy to appear.CCD image sensor by the single crystal silicon substrate in a two-dimensional array of photoelectric diode and its transmission circuit. Photodiode convert light to charge, then through conversion circuit and output.Usually, transmit the fine image quality of equipment are using CCD image sensor, and pay attention to power consumption and cost of product has chosen CMOS image sensor. But the new technology is to overcome the inherent weaknesses, each unit body also reserves the right to the specific use of certain features.A/D converter, A/D converter is the function of the image and voice analog signals into digital signals.5Based on the pattern of CMOS image sensor module has direct digital signal output interface, without A/D converter; And based on the pattern of the CCD image sensor module in the event of A direct digital output interface, also do not need A/D converter, but as A result of this module design, analog camera is only analog output interface, therefore the need for A/D conversion. A camera is a device for the scenery like light into electrical signals. The structure can be roughly divided into three parts: optical system (lens), photoelectric conversion system (mainly refers to tube or solid camera device) and circuit system (mainly refers to the video processing circuit).Optical system is the main components of optical lens, it made up by the lens system. The lens system contains many different convex concave lens, one of the convex lens of thicker than the edge, so the light lens edges than the central portion of the light will happen more refraction. When subjects through the reflection of the lens optical system, the photoelectric conversion system of imaging surface of tube or solid camera devices form a “focus“. Photodetectors of photoelectric conversion system will put the “focus“ outside the optical image into a carrying charge of electrical signals. The role of these electrical signals are weak, must undergo further amplification circuit system, to form a specific technical requirements of the signal, and output from the camera.6Optical system is equivalent to the cameras eyes, is closely related to the operating skills, in the later section in this chapter will be described in detail. The photoelectric conversion system is the core of the camera, camera tube or solid camera device is the “heart“ of the camera, on the part of the content, will be introduced in the third chapter. Due to the home video is mostly one of video camera part and part, overview video below part of the works.When the camera camera system in the subject of the optical image into corresponding electrical signals, then formed the recorded signal source. Video system the electrical signal sent by the electromagnetic conversion system into magnetic signals, and record it on videotape. If you need the camera video reproduction system to replay the recorded signal, the relevant keys can be manipulated, and put the video on the magnetic signal into electrical signal, after amplification imaging after processing to the TV screen. The use of the camera image monitoring technology has a qualitative leap. First of all, network cabling system replaces the traditional video analog wiring, has realized the real three nets (video, audio, data), network cameras plug and play, the project is simple, convenient system expansion; Second, cross-regional remote monitoring possible, especially using the Internet, video surveillance has no distance limit, and the image is clear, stable and reliable; Again, image 7storage, retrieval, very safe, convenient, long distance can store, more machine backup storage and fast nonlinear search and so on.The camera image sensors, sound sensorsImage sensor with CMOS and CCD two modes. CMOS is complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS silicon and germanium was mainly used these two elements are made of semiconductor, negatively charged and positively charged on the CMOS transistors to realize the basic functions. The current can be produced by two complementary effect to interpret and image processing chip records. CMOS for CCDs main advantage is very save electricity. Unlike consisting of diode CCD and CMOS circuit almost no static power consumption. This makes the power consumption of CMOS is only 1/3 of ordinary CCD, CMOS important question is, when dealing with images of the overheating due to current transform too frequently. Dark current suppression is no big problem, if the suppression is bad is very easy to appear.Usually, transmit the fine image quality of equipment are using CCD image sensor, and pay attention to power consumption and cost of product has chosen CMOS image sensor. But the new technology is to overcome the inherent weaknesses, each unit body also reserves the right to the specific use of certain features. This part is the same as the analog cameras. CCD digital camera is the most core components, its function is 8to put the head through the mirror of the light captured and converted into electrical signals. Determined by the performance of the CCD digital image factors mainly include: the quality of the CCD size, number, unit pixel size, file transfer and playback mode, between the CCD lens colors. Keywords photosensitive sensor resolution transmission mode of modern video image technology and the electronic computer as the core of the digital imaging technology is with a new technical means, in more and more application fields gradually replaced or changed the traditional photography, known as a new kind of neither film also need not wash way of photography has been formed -, a digital camera. It does not need film and flushing, repeatable and instant adjustment, image can replicate and will not reduce the quality, convenient and permanent, and can be used in the electronic transmission and processing of images, is now widely used in various fields of social life. Because of digital imaging technology can be very convenient to modify, combination of image, greatly improving the photographers subjective creativity.CMOS is complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS silicon and germanium was mainly used these two elements are made of semiconductor, negatively charged and positively charged on the CMOS transistors to realize the basic functions. The current can be produced by two complementary effect to interpret and image processing chip records. CMOS for CCDs main advantage is very save electricity. Unlike 9consisting of diode CCD and CMOS circuit almost no static power consumption. This makes the power consumption of CMOS is only 1/3 of ordinary CCD, CMOS important question is, when dealing with images of the overheating due to current transform too frequently. Dark current suppression is no big problem, if the suppression is bad is very easy to appear.Digital camera is the biggest advantage and the effective integration of information technology, IT has been regarded as an important part of the IT technology, and software, web, mail need digital photos, especially when printing technology is basically achieved digitization, electronic, digital images can be directly meet the requirements of this aspect.Digital photography has established a set of new shooting, post-production, transport, storage technology department, its main characteristic is purely physical way to replace the traditional chemical treatment. CCD (charge-coupled device, is a special kind of semiconductor material, is composed of a large number of independent photosensitive diode, general arrangement according to the matrix form, equivalent to traditional film of a camera. CCD is a kind of optical sensing chip, is used to capture the graphics, is the most core components of the digital camera. How many pixels in digital camera specification refers to the CCD resolution. It is a piece of the plate that is full of photosensitive element, made up of many tiny photosensitive element, the 10charge transfer circuit. If you can enlarge, will see the many pixels on the CCD. Can be taken when the light through the lens into the pixels, converted to charge, charge depends on the intensity of each element. CCD components of information through the AD converter chip is converted into digital signals, after compressed by the cameras internal flash memory card or built-in hard disk to save, thus it can be easily transmit the data to the computer, calculating machine according to need and imagination to change the image processing. CCD is composed of many photosensitive units, each color luminosity with 8 bits of data to record, usually with millions of pixels. Digital camera with the shutter first activate the CCD sensor, the light signal into electrical signal, and then convert electrical signals into digital signals, to finally get to digital images stored in the memory. When CCD surface by light, each photosensitive unit will charge to reflect on the components, all of the signals produced by photosensitive unit together, forming a complete picture.CCD first is data transmission mode, also read data from each of the CCD pixels. Transmission mode at present a total of two kinds: one kind is frame transmission mode. Pixel itself is transmission line, ensure the pixel size, substrate is better. The second is called write mode. The CCD data points, the odd and even number lines cross read twice, transmission line capacity is small. The pixel size of the former is conducive to light, 11but the latter transfer rate is faster. Is another element of CCD readout method, it is actually the evolution of the writing way, had to use on the camera, which is odd and even rows two cross readout method, it is read twice, is a kind of readout method based on scan line. Camera of the readout method called interlaced scanning (Intel - racescan), and evolved from the CCD camera used special CCD digital camera can be all pixels at the output, said as a progressive scan (progres - sivescan) way. There is the color of the filters. The CCD is a black-and-white photographic properties of the sensor. To increase the color information, need to color in each pixel of the CCD with filter, only through their specific light, thus the color information can be obtained. Filter consists of two kinds: (1) color restore good original color filter; (2) the higher resolution of complementary color filters. Each filter is a set of four phase, cover on each pixel. Each set of the original color filter consists of a red, two green, and blue. The department of complementary filter is include yellow, green, magenta and green 4 kinds of each one.Unbleached filters with the complementary color department filter, color reducibility, high sensitivity than the bottom of the complementary color department. Complementary system solutions like force and the sensitivity is higher than the original color, color reducibility is poorer, and the complementary color department can through the light is 1.5 times that of the original color on the sensitivity is also complementary 12color is more outstanding. Is a digital camera use contains many color image unit (photocell) of CCD images to record a lens to absorb light intensity and color value (RGB and CMY), and then through the digital camera in the microprocessor (micro processor) to generate a color image, and calculation of the final image file complete color value of each pixel corresponding, through these pixels to express and form similar to the traditional film digital photo. But not all of the CCD imaging unit can form effective image, there are some black image unit dont effect, this loss is about 15% of the total pixels left and right sides, namely the relationship between the total pixels and the pixels. The size of the CCD size to form a picture of the final quality will play a crucial role. Like the traditional film photography, in which the size of the films influence on the image as the key.Large area CCD not only can improve the performance of light also can increase the quality of the number of unit area. But only the higher number of pixels and the size of the CCD does not guarantee can output high quality photos. Digital cameras also needs a high quality of color management system, high-quality optical zoom lens, accurate way of dealing with d/a and archives. With the CCD technology continues to improve, improve, the development of CCD soon, SuperCCD is Fuji original a CCD technology, has developed to the SuperCCD fifth generation. The CCD technology and the difference from normal CCD is 13described above: it changes the matrix CCD four primary synthesis principle of a pixel, octagon geometric structure and arrangement, the honeycomb photosensitive unit can better use the CCD surface space, in the case of a pixel is equal to obtain more information. Along with the advance of new technologies, professional digital camera pixels of the 40 million, it has exceeded the standard of traditional fi