中学英语老师宝典 公式破解倒装句

中学英语老师宝典 公式破解倒装句公式一：“副词+谓语+主语”独立的副词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，即谓语完全置于主语之前。相应的副词有 1、表地点：here、there；2、表时间：now、then；3、表方位：in、out、up、down、on、over、away；4、表程度或频率：often、long、not once、many a time；5、拟声词 bang 等等。【典型例题】and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat【问题解析】选项中有副词 up 出现，依据以上公式将其置于句首，可排除 B 项与 D 项；又因副词 up 提前，整个句式完全倒装，可排除掉“up+主语+谓语”的 A 项；综上分析，正确答案为 C 项，意为“那只猫跳了起来抓住了老鼠” 。【特别关注】该公式使用的充要条件是主语为名词。若主语为代词，则整个句式不发生倒装。例如：1、 and the lesson began.A. In came Mr. Brown B. Mr. Brown in cameC. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown2、Where is your father? Oh, .A. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes heKey：A A公式二：“介词短语+谓语+主语”介词短语置于句首，强调句中的地点状语、时间状语、目的状语等等，整个句式完全倒装，谓语前置。【典型例题】who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soliderC. Among them a solider was D. Among they was a solider【问题解析】介词短语为 among them，排除掉 D 项中的主格形式 they；由公式可得，其后接谓语动词，可排除 C 项；A 项与 B 项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，谓语后的主语为 a solider，故谓语动词应该用单数，即正确答案为 B 项，意为“一个腹部受伤的士兵在他们中间。 ”【特别关注】该类倒装用以平衡句子结构，故也可不倒装。例如：On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings. = Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。公式三：“So+谓语+主语” ；“So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”So+谓语+主语，意为“也是这样” ，So 置于句首，整个句式完全倒装；其否定形式公式为Nor/Neither+谓语+主语，意为“也不是” ， Nor/Neither 置于句首，整个句子完全倒装。So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that，意为“如此以致于” ，So + adj./adv.置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。完全倒装与部分倒装的区别在于：完全倒装是将谓语完全置于主语之前，而部分倒装的主语则被助/系/情态动词与实意动词夹在中间。【典型例题】1、She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us2、So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in; do B. she was in; makeC. was she in; take D. she had been in; have【问题解析】1、So 一般置于句首，可排除 B 项；So 置于句首完全倒装，为谓主结构，可排除 A 项；C 项与 D项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，取决于主语every one of us，又因包含 every 的主语通常用作单数，故正确答案为 C 项，意为“她钢琴弹得很好，我们这每个人也弹得不错。 ”2、So+形容词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，可排除、两项，A 项与 C 项的区别在于所用时态不同，又有 often 一词可知，句中 forgot 与was absorbed in 两个动作为过去经常发生的动作，且两者相伴而生，不存在动作的先后，可排除 A 项中的过去完成时，故正确答案为 C 项，意为“她是如此专注于她的工作，以至于经常忘记吃饭。 ”【特别关注】So 的易混考点有：so+主语+谓语（的确如此） ，表达对前面情形的肯定；So+谓语+主语（也是这样）表达一种情形相同或类似，而 So it is (the same) with sb.（也是这样）所表达的是两种或两种以上情形相同或相似。例如：1、David has made great progress recently._, and _.A. So he was; so you are B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have2、Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. _.A. So it was with Engels B. So was it with EngelsC. So was Engels D. So did EngelsKey：B A公式“So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”的姊妹公式为“such+名词+谓语+主语+that” ，例如：Such a noise _that_in the officeA. is there; I couldnt work B. there is; couldnt workC. was there; I couldnt work D. there was; couldnt I workKey：C公式四：“否定意义词+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”常见的否定意义词或短语有：not、never、seldom、rarely、by no means、in no time、at no time、under no circumstance、hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than、not only (but also)、not until 等等，否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。【典型例题】Not until the early year of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man knewC. didnt know D. did man know【问题解析】Not until 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而 know 是实意动词不能直接提前，所以需借助助动词 did，依据公式可知，正确答案为 D 项，意为“直到 19 世纪早期，人们才知道什么是热能。 ”【特别关注】1、倒装句本身就是一种强调形式，故倒装句不能与 It is/was that/who 这一强调句型交叉使用。例如：It is not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. when man knew B. when did man knowC. that man knew D. that did man know学生误解：首先，句中包含强调句型 It is that，其最大特点为将其划掉不影响句意，学生划掉句中的It is that；其次，not until 这一否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，由部分倒装的公式可得：did man know；最后，既包含强调句型It is that，又同时包含部分倒装结构的选项为 D 项，即该题目的正确答案为 D 项。教师点拨：学生能够看出强调句型 It is that，可以排除 A、B 两项，强调的内容为 not until 引导的时间状语从句，而学生第二步中分析的部分倒装结构也强调了同样的内容，这恰是英语中所忌讳的重复表达，故这两个强调用法不能交叉使用，正确答案为 C 项。2、 “hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than”这三个结构均表达同样的意思：“刚就” ，由此可推知，该句型中存在动作的先后，故 hardly、scarcely、no sooner 后一般接过去完成时“had done”。类似用法还用 never（从来没有） ，用法有二：其一，说话人站在现在某点说“从来没有” ，never 后接现在完成时“have done”；其二，说话人站在过去某点说“从来没有” ，never 后接过去完成时“had done” 。例如：No sooner _ the bus stop than the bus started.A. I reached B. did I reach C. I had reached D. had I reachedI finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy.A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I feltKey：D D公式五：“Only+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”副词 Only 置于句首，后常接 when 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，然后整个句式发生部分倒装。【典型例题】Only when the war was over _ to his hometown.A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returnedC. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return【问题解析】Only 后接 when 引导的时间状语从句，整个句式部分倒装，意为“只有才” ，可以排除 B、D 两项；又有公式可知，returned 为实意动词，不可提前，需借助助动词 did 来构成部分倒装，可排除D 项，故正确答案为 A 项，意为“只有战争结束了，这个年轻的士兵才能回家乡” 。【特别关注】当 only 所修饰的是整个句子的主语时，整个句式不倒装，用自然语序。例如：Only teachers went to the art gallery yesterday.（昨天只有老师去了美术馆。 ）公式六：“Should / Were / Had+主语+谓语”在非真实条件句中，高考中常考查其省略形式，即省去引导词 If，同时提前 should、were 或had，后接主谓结构，构成部分倒装的公式。【典型例题】_ it snow, the crops would grow better.A. Had B. Would C. Were to D. Should【问题解析】句意为“如果天能够下雪的话，庄稼会长势喜人。 ”，显然这是对将来某情形的虚拟，从句中可以使用公式“If+过去时/ should do / were to do” ，主句中使用公式“would do”；又因省略引导词If，可以提前的词有 should、were 或 had，取两个条件的交集，可得出正确答案 D 项，可还原为If it should snow, the crops would grow better.【特别关注】Were it not for“如果要不是” ，Had it not been for“如果当时要不是” ，两个句式几乎成了固定句式。例如：Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了好老板。Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.当时要不是你，我就迷路了。公式七：“分词 / 形容词+谓语+主语”分词（现在分词与过去分词）与形容词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，起到平衡句子成分的作用。【典型例题】1、Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni（校友）from home and abroad.A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended2、 at the meeting were mostly old workers between the age of 50 and 60 last week.A. To present B. To presenting C. Present D. Presented【问题解析】1、当看不清倒装句式时，可将其还原为自然语序“Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. Our alumni（校友）from home and abroad are the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.”，显而易见，考查 attend 的现在进行时用法，即正确答案为 C 项，意为“尊敬的来宾、朋友们，欢迎来到我校，今天来自国内外的校友们云集我校，出席 50周年校庆” 。【特别关注】解题中的转化思想：当句式过于复杂或抽象时，可以进行简化或形象化，例如将疑问句变换为陈述句；将倒装语序变换为自然语序；将拆分的固定搭配还原；将强调句型、插入语、定语从句以及不影响句子主干意思的成分删除，以求更快捷、准确地解题。公式八：“名词 / 形容词+as/though+主语+谓语”在让步状语从句中，将表语提前置于引导词之前，整个句子不发生倒装，仍为主谓结构。【典型例题】, he has done what an adult can do.A. Child as he is B. Though child he is C. As he is a child D. Being a child as he【问题解析】该题考查的是以 as, though 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将表语提前进行强调。若表语是形容词可直接提前；若表语是名词，则需要去掉名词前的定冠词 a, an, the。由此可排除 B,C,D 项，故正确答案为 A 项，意为“尽管他还是个孩子，却已能做大人做的事情” 。【特别关注】1、由 as, though“尽管”引导的让步状语从句中，若主语是名词，表语放在句首时，主语可以倒装，也可以不倒装；主语是代词时，不倒装。例如：Terrible as was the storm/the storm was, we continued our way. 尽管暴风雪很大，我们还是继续赶路。2、As 作“正如、就像”之意时，用以引导方式状语从句，为保持句子的平衡，整个句式常常发生完全倒装。公式一：“副词+谓语+主语”独立的副词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，即谓语完全置于主语之前。相应的副词有 1、表地点：here、there；2、表时间：now、then；3、表方位：in、out、up、down、on、over、away；4、表程度或频率：often、long、not once、many a time；5、拟声词 bang 等等。【典型例题】and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat【问题解析】选项中有副词 up 出现，依据以上公式将其置于句首，可排除 B 项与 D 项；又因副词 up 提前，整个句式完全倒装，可排除掉“up+主语+谓语”的 A 项；综上分析，正确答案为 C 项，意为“那只猫跳了起来抓住了老鼠” 。【特别关注】该公式使用的充要条件是主语为名词。若主语为代词，则整个句式不发生倒装。例如：1、 and the lesson began.A. In came Mr. Brown B. Mr. Brown in cameC. In came he D. Came in Mr. Brown2、Where is your father? Oh, .A. here he comes B. he here comesC. here does he come D. here comes heKey：A A公式二：“介词短语+谓语+主语”介词短语置于句首，强调句中的地点状语、时间状语、目的状语等等，整个句式完全倒装，谓语前置。【典型例题】who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soliderC. Among them a solider was D. Among they was a solider【问题解析】介词短语为 among them，排除掉 D 项中的主格形式 they；由公式可得，其后接谓语动词，可排除 C 项；A 项与 B 项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，谓语后的主语为 a solider，故谓语动词应该用单数，即正确答案为 B 项，意为“一个腹部受伤的士兵在他们中间。 ”【特别关注】该类倒装用以平衡句子结构，故也可不倒装。例如：On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings. = Many block buildings stood on either side of the great avenue.许多综合楼耸立在这条大街的两侧。公式三：“So+谓语+主语” ；“So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”So+谓语+主语，意为“也是这样” ，So 置于句首，整个句式完全倒装；其否定形式公式为Nor/Neither+谓语+主语，意为“也不是” ， Nor/Neither 置于句首，整个句子完全倒装。So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that，意为“如此以致于” ，So + adj./adv.置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。完全倒装与部分倒装的区别在于：完全倒装是将谓语完全置于主语之前，而部分倒装的主语则被助/系/情态动词与实意动词夹在中间。【典型例题】1、She plays the piano very well, _.A. so every one of us does B. every one of us doesC. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us2、So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals.A. had she been in; do B. she was in; makeC. was she in; take D. she had been in; have【问题解析】1、So 一般置于句首，可排除 B 项；So 置于句首完全倒装，为谓主结构，可排除 A 项；C 项与 D项的区别在于谓语动词的单复数问题，取决于主语every one of us，又因包含 every 的主语通常用作单数，故正确答案为 C 项，意为“她钢琴弹得很好，我们这每个人也弹得不错。 ”2、So+形容词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，可排除、两项，A 项与 C 项的区别在于所用时态不同，又有 often 一词可知，句中 forgot 与was absorbed in 两个动作为过去经常发生的动作，且两者相伴而生，不存在动作的先后，可排除 A 项中的过去完成时，故正确答案为 C 项，意为“她是如此专注于她的工作，以至于经常忘记吃饭。 ”【特别关注】So 的易混考点有：so+主语+谓语（的确如此） ，表达对前面情形的肯定；So+谓语+主语（也是这样）表达一种情形相同或类似，而 So it is (the same) with sb.（也是这样）所表达的是两种或两种以上情形相同或相似。例如：1、David has made great progress recently._, and _.A. So he was; so you are B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have2、Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. _.A. So it was with Engels B. So was it with EngelsC. So was Engels D. So did EngelsKey：B A公式“So +形容词/副词+谓语+主语+that”的姊妹公式为“such+名词+谓语+主语+that” ，例如：Such a noise _that_in the officeA. is there; I couldnt work B. there is; couldnt workC. was there; I couldnt work D. there was; couldnt I workKey：C公式四：“否定意义词+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”常见的否定意义词或短语有：not、never、seldom、rarely、by no means、in no time、at no time、under no circumstance、hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than、not only (but also)、not until 等等，否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装。【典型例题】Not until the early year of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man knewC. didnt know D. did man know【问题解析】Not until 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，而 know 是实意动词不能直接提前，所以需借助助动词 did，依据公式可知，正确答案为 D 项，意为“直到 19 世纪早期，人们才知道什么是热能。 ”【特别关注】1、倒装句本身就是一种强调形式，故倒装句不能与 It is/was that/who 这一强调句型交叉使用。例如：It is not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. when man knew B. when did man knowC. that man knew D. that did man know学生误解：首先，句中包含强调句型 It is that，其最大特点为将其划掉不影响句意，学生划掉句中的It is that；其次，not until 这一否定意义词置于句首，整个句式部分倒装，由部分倒装的公式可得：did man know；最后，既包含强调句型It is that，又同时包含部分倒装结构的选项为 D 项，即该题目的正确答案为 D 项。教师点拨：学生能够看出强调句型 It is that，可以排除 A、B 两项，强调的内容为 not until 引导的时间状语从句，而学生第二步中分析的部分倒装结构也强调了同样的内容，这恰是英语中所忌讳的重复表达，故这两个强调用法不能交叉使用，正确答案为 C 项。2、 “hardly when、scarcely when、no sooner than”这三个结构均表达同样的意思：“刚就” ，由此可推知，该句型中存在动作的先后，故 hardly、scarcely、no sooner 后一般接过去完成时“had done”。类似用法还用 never（从来没有） ，用法有二：其一，说话人站在现在某点说“从来没有” ，never 后接现在完成时“have done”；其二，说话人站在过去某点说“从来没有” ，never 后接过去完成时“had done” 。例如：No sooner _ the bus stop than the bus started.A. I reached B. did I reach C. I had reached D. had I reachedI finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy.A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I feltKey：D D公式五：“Only+助/系/情态动词+主+实意动词”副词 Only 置于句首，后常接 when 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，然后整个句式发生部分倒装。【典型例题】Only when the war was over _ to his hometown.A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returnedC. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return【问题解析】Only 后接 when 引导的时间状语从句，整个句式部分倒装，意为“只有才” ，可以排除 B、D 两项；又有公式可知，returned 为实意动词，不可提前，需借助助动词 did 来构成部分倒装，可排除D 项，故正确答案为 A 项，意为“只有战争结束了，这个年轻的士兵才能回家乡” 。【特别关注】当 only 所修饰的是整个句子的主语时，整个句式不倒装，用自然语序。例如：Only teachers went to the art gallery yesterday.（昨天只有老师去了美术馆。 ）公式六：“Should / Were / Had+主语+谓语”在非真实条件句中，高考中常考查其省略形式，即省去引导词 If，同时提前 should、were 或had，后接主谓结构，构成部分倒装的公式。【典型例题】_ it snow, the crops would grow better.A. Had B. Would C. Were to D. Should【问题解析】句意为“如果天能够下雪的话，庄稼会长势喜人。 ”，显然这是对将来某情形的虚拟，从句中可以使用公式“If+过去时/ should do / were to do” ，主句中使用公式“would do”；又因省略引导词If，可以提前的词有 should、were 或 had，取两个条件的交集，可得出正确答案 D 项，可还原为If it should snow, the crops would grow better.【特别关注】Were it not for“如果要不是” ，Had it not been for“如果当时要不是” ，两个句式几乎成了固定句式。例如：Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了好老板。Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.当时要不是你，我就迷路了。公式七：“分词 / 形容词+谓语+主语”分词（现在分词与过去分词）与形容词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，起到平衡句子成分的作用。【典型例题】1、Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni（校友）from home and abroad.A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended2、 at the meeting were mostly old workers between the age of 50 and 60 last week.A. To present B. To presenting C. Present D. Presented【问题解析】1、当看不清倒装句式时，可将其还原为自然语序“Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. Our alumni（校友）from home and abroad are the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.”，显而易见，考查 attend 的现在进行时用法，即正确答案为 C 项，意为“尊敬的来宾、朋友们，欢迎来到我校，今天来自国内外的校友们云集我校，出席 50周年校庆” 。【特别关注】解题中的转化思想：当句式过于复杂或抽象时，可以进行简化或形象化，例如将疑问句变换为陈述句；将倒装语序变换为自然语序；将拆分的固定搭配还原；将强调句型、插入语、定语从句以及不影响句子主干意思的成分删除，以求更快捷、准确地解题。公式八：“名词 / 形容词+as/though+主语+谓语”在让步状语从句中，将表语提前置于引导词之前，整个句子不发生倒装，仍为主谓结构。【典型例题】, he has done what an adult can do.A. Child as he is B. Though child he is C. As he is a child D. Being a child as he【问题解析】该题考查的是以 as, though 引导的让步状语从句中，一般将表语提前进行强调。若表语是形容词可直接提前；若表语是名词，则需要去掉名词前的定冠词 a, an, the。由此可排除 B,C,D 项，故正确答案为 A 项，意为“尽管他还是个孩子，却已能做大人做的事情” 。【特别关注】1、由 as, though“尽管”引导的让步状语从句中，若主语是名词，表语放在句首时，主语可以倒装，也可以不倒装；主语是代词时，不倒装。例如：Terrible as was the storm/the storm was, we continued our way. 尽管暴风雪很大，我们还是继续赶路。2、As 作“正如、就像”之意时，用以引导方式状语从句，为保持句子的平衡，整个句式常常发生完全倒装。公式一：“副词+谓语+主语”独立的副词置于句首，整个句式完全倒装，即谓语完全置于主语之前。相应的副词有 1、表地点：here、there；2、表时间：now、then；3、表方位：in、out、up、down、on、over、away；4、表程度或频率：often、long、not once、many a time；5、