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小型路面扫雪机的设计【全套CAD图纸和毕业答辩论文】

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关键词：: 小型路面扫雪设计全套 cad 图纸以及毕业答辩论文

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摘要

雪是冬天的象征，瑞雪兆丰年，大雪纷飞，是世间美好而壮观的景象，最快乐的就属孩子们，他们在雪地里打雪仗，堆雪人，玩的不亦乐乎。可是雪对于国家来说，不仅仅只是美景而已，还是大自然带来的灾害。雪天路面湿滑，行人走在路面时常摔倒，也有很多车辆因为下雪发生交通事故，造成人员伤亡，家庭破裂。因此，扫雪机的发明，对人们的安全起到了至关重要的作用。

本设计主题是在分析了国内外各种扫雪机的发展现状后提出的，针对我国北方大量降雪的城市。此设计的运用范围主要是那些大型路面扫雪车所不能触及的街道。所以根据街道路面的宽窄，雪的厚度、硬度等因素，设计一种小型的路面扫雪机。

此次设计方案采用吸尘器的设计原理，由柴油机提供动力，风机叶轮在动力机的高速驱动下，将空气排出风机，同时，使吸雪口的空气不断补充进风机，形成较高的压强差，从而将雪吸入箱体，达到除雪效果。

关键词：扫雪机；吸尘器；压力差

Abstract

Snow is a symbol of winter, snow bumper harvest, heavy snow, how beautiful is spectacular. The most happiness to the children, they are in the snow snowball fights, a snowman, enjoy play. But snow for counties, also belong to natural disasters. Snow road surface is slippery, there are a lot of pedestrians on the road trip, and so there are a lot of vehicle a accidents, causing casualties, family apart. Therefore, the invention of the snow sweeper, played a crucial role in the safety of the people.

This design theme is after analyzing the present development situation of domestic and foreign various snow blowers, according to a lot of snow in the north of China city. The application range of this design is mainly the large tractor road can’t hit the streets. So according to the street pavement width, factors such as the thickness, hardness, designing a small road snow blowers.

The design adopts the design principle of vacuum cleaner, powered by diesel engines, driven by high speed blower impeller in the engine, the air exhaust fan, at the same time make the suction fan, air is added into the snow form high pressure difference, suction box to snow, snow removal effect.

Keywords: Snow blower; The vacuum cleaner; The pressure difference

1绪论 1

1.1选题的目的与意义 1

1.2 目前主要的除雪方法 1

1.3 目前扫雪机种类及存在问题 1

1.4 扫雪机国内外的发展现状 2

1.5 小型路面扫雪机的结构原理 3

2 总体方案设计 4

2.1 雪的物理性质 4

2.2 总体方案的设计 4

2.3 传动方案的设计 4

3 各系统的设计 6

3.1 原动机的选择 6

3.2 车体的设计 6

3.3 扫雪机的设计参数 7

4 扫雪机的设计计算与校核 8

4.1 带传动的计算 8

4.2 减速器的设计 9

4.2.1 减速器的动力参数设计 9

4.2.2 高速级齿轮传动的设计 10

4.2.3 低速级齿轮传动的设计 16

4.3 链传动1的设计 21

4.4 变速器的设计计算 22

4.4.1 高档位的齿轮传动设计计算 22

4.4.2 低速档齿轮传动的设计 28

4.5链传动2的设计 29

4.6 锥齿轮的设计 30

4.7 轴的设计计算 34

4.8 叶片轴的计算校核 36

5结论 38

参考文献 39

致谢 40

1绪论

1.1选题的目的与意义

在北方的冬天，人们往往是天天盼雪，倘若这个冬天一场雪都没下，就好像这个冬天不完整。冬季的早晨，当一觉醒来，看见一片白茫茫，就像诗里写的那样“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”，这种景象是人间最美不过的画面。人们通常都喜欢出门玩耍，在雪地里拍照。然而也正是这种美景，给人们带来了无限的痛苦。

大雪过后，道路湿滑，摩擦阻力变小，车辆通行时很容易发生交通事故，就连行人也是时常滑倒，造成骨折。然而城市道路的清扫，大多是环卫工人。他们在雪停的那一瞬间，就扛起铁锹，扫帚赶到公路上开始工作，辛辛苦苦一整天却清扫不了几条街道。因此，雪越下越厚，道路越来越难通行，导致事故频繁发生。

人的力量是有限的，且工作效率低，现代社会，机械化代替了人工，解放了劳动力，因此，为了更加方便快捷的清扫雪路，提高工作效率，设计出一种小型路面扫雪机是很有必要的。机器可以代替人工，不仅工作效率高，且可以长时间持续工作，这样路面清扫速度快，事故发生也会减少。

1.2 目前主要的除雪方法

目前除雪采用的方法主要有：①传统的人工除雪；②利用融雪剂来清除；③利用各种除雪机器来除雪。

人工除雪工作效率低、浪费人力、作业成本高、占用路面的时间长且必须在白天工作，有很多不安全因素，容易发生交通事故，给来往的车辆，行人带来不便。

融雪剂除雪是一种依靠热的作用或化学药剂，使积雪融化的方法。主要用于机场、广场、停车场、城市道路等，可以起到除雪及防冻的作用，但是，同时也对周围环境造成危害。融雪剂的费用很高，且容易对道路和城市环境造成污染，损害人的身体健康。而且，当温度过低时，将失去其原有的作用，也不利于保护车辆的轮胎。所以，这种除雪方法的使用范围有一定的限制。

机械扫雪是通过机械直接对雪进行铲除或清扫，主要分为犁式扫雪机和螺旋转子扫雪机两大类。现如今，传统人工清雪法和融雪剂清雪法已经不能满足需要，所以需要性能良好、自动化程度高的机械设备来替代。但目前扫雪机种类并不是很多，且设备还不完善，存在着许多不足之处。

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内容简介：: 本科毕业论文外文资料翻译系别：专业：姓名：学号：外文翻译History Of The SnowblowerSo who did invent the snowblower or snowthrower? We need to begin by qualifying that question since there are a number of answers depending on your interest. Some notable firsts would be:The first machine to clear snow by throwing or blowing itThe first fully mobile snow clearing machine?The first domestic walk-behind snow blowerThe latter is the one people generally think of and have the most interest in. It is also the one that has the most elusive answer.Chapter 1 So where did it all begin? Looking back in time we need to consider where would there be a need to remove snow while having a source of power available? The need and the enabling power were found on the railways of the U.S. snowbelt and in Canada. The earliest documented art belongs to a Toronto dentist known as J/W Elliot. His 1869 patent #390 design was never built.The story next takes us to Orangeville Ontario, Canada where we find Orange Jull, a gristmill operator and inventor. In 1884 he applied for a patent and was subsequently granted patent #18506. Jull did not have the means to build and commercialize his invention so he contracted the local Leslie brothers to build the machines.The Jull/Leslie machines were self powered but not self propelled. A locomotive was used to move the machine. The Jull design consisted of 2 large inline fans rotating in opposite directions. The lead fan chewed into and pulverized the snow while blowing it back into the discharge fan, which propelled it into the sky. Due to clogging problems it was simplified to a single fan. Further changes to effectively control the discharge were made including a movable deflector and pitching impeller blades. Production was moved to the Cook locomotive works in several locations. Additional machines were built under license. Finally 5 machines were “home built“ by end users with the last one finished in 1971. In all 146 were built.Later work consisted of fortifying the design to deal with the hazards of the unknown. Tracks were often blocked with fallen trees and other debris that were concealed in the snow. Legend has it that in one case a herd of cattle were trapped and buried under the snow on the rail bed. As the rotary snowplow progressed forward beefsteaks were flying. They remained in production into the 1950s and a few are still in service today. Many survive as museum pieces with an occasional demonstration.Following his collaboration with the Leslie Brothers Orange Jull went on to create a next generation machine. This design utilized a screw auger to collect the snow. It was not as 外文翻译effective, especially in deep snow and only eleven were ever built. Sadly all have been scrapped.All of the available photos and drawings of these machines are on enthusiasts sites where they are best viewed A Google search using Jull snowblower as keywords will deliver hours of reading and nostalgia. On You-tube you may be able to find “ The Return of Rotary #1 “. A search for “rotary snowplow“ found this video.Chapter 2Our next installment finds Arthur Sicard, circa 1894, an 18 year old working on the family dairy farm in Saint-Leonard-de-Port-Maurice, Quebec. Snowstorms being frequent and dairy products being perishable motivated him to find a better snow removal means.Motivation found inspiration one day when he saw a new piece of farm machinery called the thresher. If this machine could gather grain perhaps he could use the design to gather and move snow. It wasnt long before he had built and tested his first prototype however it bogged down in snow. His notion was dismissed by those around him and he went on unsupported in his pursuit. He went on to make a life for himself in Montreal until finally in 1925, 31 years later he astonished the people of that city with his “Sicard Snow Remover Snowblower“. The first sale was to the nearby town of Outremont, in 1927.The Sicard name has been synonymous with large snowblowers ever since. My hometown had a Sicard unit mounted to an old Michigan front end loader for several decades.Chapter 3The curious question then becomes when did the walk behind domestic snowblower emerge? The Toro website makes the claim that Toro introduced the first snowthrower, the Snowhound in 1951. Ariens entered snow moving the market in 1952 with an attachment for its Yardster series. The Ariens Sno-Thro series was launched in 1960. Simplicty followed in 1962. The earliest confirmed Gilson dates back to 1966. Meanwhile dozens of others launched product lines.This of course is in the context of domestic walk-behind units. If you have an early machine Id appreciate a picture and brief story. Of all of the archival material I have amassed nothing points to an earlier machine. The 1951 Toro was not the driveway behemoth than many of us use today as can be seen in the photo.In my Vintage Machine Showcase you can get a sense of the diversity found in the early machines and a search of patents will reveal even more radical designs.Machines of modern proportions began to emerge in the 1960s. The small-scale brands slowly disappeared and most were gone by the 1980s. The Gilson snow blower line launched in 1966. The full sized gear drives continued to evolve through the decade and with the introduction of the Unitrol machines in 1970 Gilson had 2 full size formats that evolved into the 1980s. The small Gilson single stage models were discontinued after the 1970 model year.外文翻译Just as the small scale models were fading away the industry was turned on its head with the introduction of “personal sized“ 2 stroke machines. The models were easy to handle, store and pay for. They pack enough power to handle a significant storm if you are patient enough to let it eat the elephant one bite at a time. Gilson was an early player with some patent action and the Snow-Cannon was a hit.Horsepower grew over the years. Early machines were in the 3-4 horsepower range. In 1970 8HP was the big machine. By 1980 most brands included a 10 or even 11 HP machine. Today 13 HP models easy to find.The 21st century brought power accessories. Manufacturers are offering heated handles, motorized chute rotators and you can find machines that have onboard battery power to allow electric starting when away from household power. While engine powered lighting is nothing new it is becoming far more common.The other big story is consolidation. Where there used to be scores of suppliers there are now essentially 7. Promotional grade machines (Im being kind here) are made by MTD, Murray and AYP. Quality machine are built by Simplicity, Ariens, Toro and Honda. Virtually any machine you can find on the market, regardless of the brand is from one of these sources. The exceptions as small players such as attachments for BCS tillers. The age of the mass merchandiser has forced everyone to slash cost in pursuit of market share. The quality brands often sell machines in several tiers with one targeted at the promotional grade competition.What do the coming decades hold for snowblower users? The market moves slowly. While nearly every homeowner owns a lawn mower the snowblower market is confined to the snowbelt region and many property owners choose not to own such a machine. That being said it is a small piece of the pie that has a hard time attracting R&D money. The basic concepts have been quite stable for along time. Ecology has been a big driver of engine refinements and this is likely to continue. Much of the recent work has been value engineering with most of the benefit going to the manufacturers. The brute strength built into the machines of yesteryear is gone forever. We can only hope that future machines will not be overburdened with fragile accessories. Other than that we will all have to wait and see what blows in the future.外文翻译扫雪机的历史所以谁发明了扫雪机？我们需要开始的排位赛，因为有许多问题的答案取决于你的兴趣。一些值得注意的第一次是：第一台通过投掷或吹雪清除雪的机器什么是第一个完全移动清理雪的机器?第一个国内手动除雪机后者通常是人们最感兴趣的一个，但是也是最难回答的一个。第 1 章那么这一切在哪里开始?回首往事时我们需要考虑在哪里有需要清除雪虽然有一个电源可用?这种需要和力量在美国多雪地带和在加拿大的铁路被发现。最早的记载艺术属于一个叫 J / W 埃利奥特的多伦多牙医。他 1869 年专利 390 号设计从来没有建造。接下来的故事发生在加拿大，奥兰治维尔安大略，是发现 Orange Jull 的地方。Orange Jull 是磨坊的操作员和发明者。1884 年他申请了专利，随后被授予专利 18506号。Jull 没有建立和推广他的发明，他承包了当地的莱斯利兄弟建造机器的装置。Jull/莱斯利机器可以自行供电但是却不能自己行走。所以利用火车头来移动机器。Jull 设计有两大内联风扇在相反的方向旋转。风扇将雪粉碎成沫，再经由排风扇将其吹向天空。由于堵塞问题，所以将风扇简化成单扇。为了有效地控制放电，将其进一步改变成一个可移动的偏转和俯仰叶轮叶片。产品被转移到几个做机车厂的地方。额外的机器是建立在许可证下。最后 5 台“家庭建设”是在 1971 年通过最终用户的最后一个完成的。一共共建造 146 台机器。接下来的工作是设计处理未知的危险。通常是阻止倒下的树木和其他隐藏在雪地里的碎片。传说，有一次牛群被困，埋在雪下的床身导轨。旋转扫雪机前进过程中，牛排是飞行的。它们一直生产到上个世纪 50 年代，有一些甚至用到了今天。还有一些偶尔展示在博物馆。与莱斯利兄弟合作后 Orange Jull 继续创建了下一代机器。这次设计利用了螺旋钻来收集雪。但不是很有效，尤其是在积雪厚只有 11 厘米的地方，所以很遗憾的都被取消了。在图纸爱好者网站上这些所有可用的图片和绘画是这些机器最好的归宿。在谷歌上输入 Jull 扫雪机的关键字，那么你将花费几个小时的时间阅读和怀旧。在 You-tube 上，你可以找到“扶轮 1 号的回归”相关话题，还可以搜索发现“旋转扫雪机”的视频。第 2 章大约在 1894 年，我们进一步的发现亚瑟西卡德，一个 18 岁在圣伦纳德的毛里斯港的家庭农场努力工作。暴风雪的频繁发生和奶制品的腐烂使他找到了一个更好地除雪动外文翻译力装置。这个动机的灵感来自于，有一天他发现一个叫做脱粒机的农场机械。如果这种机器可以收集粮食，那么或许他可以利用这种设计来收集和清除雪。不久之后，他完成了他的第一个原型，并进行测试，然而机器却陷在雪里。他的观点没有被周围的人理解，他的追求人们并不支持。他独自一人前往蒙特利尔生活，一直到 1925 年，31 年后，他发明的“西卡德除雪机”令那些城市的人感到惊讶。他第一次卖出扫雪机，是在 1927 年，卖到了附近的外山镇。西卡德的名字因此成为了大型除雪机的代名词。我的家乡有一个西卡德机器安装到了旧密歇根，使用了几十年。第 3 章人们好奇的问题变成了国内可以行走的除雪机是什么时候发明的？托罗网站上说第一台行走扫雪机是托罗在 1951 年提出的。这种机器和其附件 Yardster 系列在 1952 年进入扫雪机市场。该产品的 Sno-Thro 系列在 1960 年问世。Simplicty 也在 1962 年紧随其后生产出来。这最早的确认的 Gi

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