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本科生毕业设计 (论文)外 文 翻 译原 文 标 题 Mechanical seal performance and a new technicalinnovation译 文 标 题 机械密封的性能及新型技术改造作者所在系别 机电工程学院作者所在专业 机械设计制造及其自动化作者所在班级 B13113作 者 姓 名 关在兴作 者 学 号 20134011326指导教师姓名 马兰指导教师职称 教授企业指导教师 魏永清完 成 时 间 2017 年 4 月北华航天工业学院教务处制0译文标题 机械密封的性能及新型技术改造原文标题 Mechanical seal performance and a new technical innovation作 者 Masayuki INABA 译 名 美男雅之 国 籍 日本原文出处 University of Tokyo译文：摘要：论文分析机械密封工作的基本原理，并且探讨在各个环节中怎样提高机械密封的性能和注意事项，简要介绍几种先进密封技术。关键词：机械密封性能，注意事项，先进密封技术由于传动轴贯穿在设备内外，这样轴与设备之间存在一个圆周间隙，设备中的介质通过该间隙向外泄露，如果设备内压力低于大气压，则空气向设备内泄露，因此必须有一个阻止泄露的轴封装置。轴封的种类很多，由于机械密封具有泄漏量少和寿命长等优点，所以是当今世界上最主要的轴密封方式。机械密封主要是通过一系列零件将径向密封转化为轴向密封，在弹簧和介质压力共同作用下，对由于设备运行所造成的轴向磨损可以及时补偿，使轴向密封始终保持贴合。其密封性能和使用寿命取决于许多因素，如选型、机器的精度以及在安装、启动前、运行和停运后的维护操作等。1. 选型机械密封按工作条件和介质性质的不同，有耐高温、耐低温机械密封，耐颗粒介质机械密封和适应易汽化的轻质烃介质的机械密封等，应根据不同的用处选取不同结构型式和材料的机械密封。在安装与使用中要根据机械密封的要求选择机器的精度，按转轴的旋向来选择弹簧的左、右旋。2. 安装安装方法随机械密封型式、机器的种类不同而有所不同，但其安装要领几乎都相同，安装步骤和注意事项如下：2.1 安装尺寸的正确确定。2.2 装入前，轴（轴套） 、压盖应无毛刺，轴承状况良好；密封件、轴、密封腔、压盖都应该清洗干净。为减少摩擦阻力，轴上安装机械密封的部位要薄薄地涂上一层油，以进行润滑，考虑到橡胶 O 形圈的相溶性，若不宜用油，可涂肥皂水。浮装式静环不带防转销的结构，不宜涂油，应干式装入压盖。2.3 先将静环与压盖一起装在轴上，注意不要与轴相碰，然后将动环组件装入。弹簧座或传动座的紧定螺钉应分几次均匀拧紧。13. 启动前的准备工作及注意事项3.1 全面检查机械密封，机械密封启动前进行静压试验，检查是否有泄漏现象。3.2 启动前应保持密封腔内充满液体。对于输送凝固的介质时，应用蒸气将密封腔加热使介质熔化按泵旋向盘车，检查是否轻快均匀。如盘车吃力或不动时，则应检查装配尺寸是否错误，安装是否合理。4. 运行中的维护4.1 当输送介质温度偏高、过低、或含有杂质颗粒、易燃、易爆、有毒时，必须采取相应的阻封、冲洗、冷却、过滤等措施。4.2 运转前用手盘车，注意转矩是否过大，有无擦碰及不正常的声音。4.3 注意旋向，联轴器是否对中，轴承部位的润滑油加法是否适当，配管是否正确。4.4 运转前首先将介质、冷却水阀门打开，检查密封腔内的气体是否全排出，防止静压引起泄漏，然后开机运行。4.5 开车后是否正常稳定，有无因轴转动引起的异常转矩，以及异常响声和过热现象。5. 停运5.1 对于用泵外封油系统的机械密封，应先启动封油系统。停车后最后停止封油系统。5.2 热油泵停运后不能马上停止封油腔及端面密封的冷却水，应待端面密封处油温降到 80 度以下时，才可以停止冷却水，以免损坏密封零件3。6. 新型技术改造为了提高机械密封的可靠性和寿命，降低磨损，出现了采用新材料和新工艺的各种机械密封技术。目前先进的机械密封应用技术主要有密封端面改形技术、控制平衡比密封技术、组合密封技术和可控机械密封技术等，都可以改变机械密封的性能。下面主要介绍一下密封端面改形技术。密封端面改形技术就是通过在密封端面上开各种形式的槽来改善端面件的润滑情况，从而实现机械密封的长寿命运行，它是当今机械密封领域的高新技术。6.1 干气密封技术外侧加工有均匀分布的 2.5-10um 的动压槽，当东环旋转时，流体动压槽把外侧的高压隔离气体泵入密封端面之间，由外径至槽根部气膜压力逐渐增加，而自槽根部至内径处气膜压力逐渐下降，因端面膜压增加使所形成德尔开启力大于作用2在密封环上的闭合力，在摩擦副之间形成很薄的一层气膜，从而使米粉工作在非接触状态下，所形成的气膜完全阻塞了相对低压的密封介质泄露通道，实现了密封介质的零泄露。这种密封运行无磨损，功耗小；泄露量小，可实现零泄露；结构相对简单，无需复杂的油封系统，安装维护费用低；系统可靠，可实现长周期稳定运行。干气密封端面的槽形主要分单旋向和双旋向两类。单旋向槽形只可使用于单向旋转的转动设备，在要求的旋向下才可产生开启力，如反转则产生负的开启力而可能导致密封的损坏。但相对于双旋向的槽形，它可形成更大的开启力和气膜刚度，产生更高的稳定性而更可靠的防止端面接触。故在很低的转速下和较大的振动下也可使用，在目前也是使用最多的。双向槽无旋向要求，正反转皆可使用。转子的反转不会造成密封的损坏。其使用范围较单旋向槽宽，但其稳定性、抗干扰能力较单向旋向差。6.2 上游泵送密封上游泵送密封的工作原理与干气密封类似，是借助密封环断面内侧开设的流体动压槽在旋转条件下的粘性剪切作用把液体泵入密封端面之间，使液膜的压力增加并把两密封端面分开；与干气密封不同之处在于，上游泵送密封的端面液体动压槽式把由高压侧泄露至低压侧的被密封液体重新反输志高压侧，以消除密封介质由高压侧想低压侧的泄露。6.3 端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封是在密封端面上开出几组深度达几毫米的凹槽或孔和压力介质引入孔，将密封流体或外界润滑流体引入密封端面，从而对密封端面进行充分润滑和冷却。在结构上有自加压凹槽式和外加压凹槽式等。自加压凹槽式在非旋转的外周开若干个小孔并与端面开出的环形凹槽相通，从而将被密封的压力介质引入密封端面；外加压凹槽式非旋转环圆周外的小孔不与密封介质相通，而与外界起润滑作用的流体源相通，将外界流体引入密封端面进行润滑和冷却。端面开深槽流体静压型机械密封，由于压力介质引入端面，平衡了闭合力，从而使两端面分开成为非接触型机械密封，尽管泄漏量比较大，一般为每小时几百毫升，远大于常规机械密封泄漏量，但仍广泛用于高压、高速、高温等普通机械密封难于胜任的工况。为了揭示机械密封有关规律,提高机械密封端面参数测试的可靠性与研究是关键。纳米材料的特殊性能有助于改善机械密封端面间润滑状态，开发纳米材料机械密封和应用纳米冲洗液将是机械密封研究的近期目标。随着经验的完善和技术的发展，机械密封将越来越成熟，逐步走向零泄露，长期稳定运行。3原文：Abstract: the paper analyses the basic principle of mechanical seal, and discusses how to improve the performance of mechanical seals in each link and the matters needing attention, several advanced seal technology are briefly introduced. Key words: mechanical seals, Performance Matters, needing attention, Advanced sealing technology Due to the drive shaft through both inside and outside the equipment, so there is a circumferential clearance between shaft and equipment, equipment of medium leak out through the gap, if the device internal pressure below atmospheric pressure, the air to leak inside equipment, so there must be a stop leaking of shaft seal device. Many different kinds of shaft seal, mechanical seal has the advantages of less leakage and long service life, so is the main shaft seal way in the world today. Mainly through a series of mechanical seal parts axial radial seal can be converted to seal, in the spring and medium pressure, under the function of the equipment operation caused by the axial wear can timely compensation, make the axial seal always stay fit. The sealing performance and service life depends on many factors, such as type selection, the precision of the machine, and before the installation, start-up, operation and shut down after the maintenance operation, etc.1. The selection of Mechanical seal according to the working conditions and the properties of medium, there are high temperature resistant, resistant to low temperature mechanical seal, granular medium resistance of mechanical seal and adapt easy vaporization of light hydrocarbon medium mechanical seal, etc., should choose different according to different use of the structural type and materials of mechanical seal. In the installation and use to select according to the requirement of the mechanical seal the precision of the machine, according to the axis of rotation always choose spring left and right hand.2. InstallInstallation method according to the mechanical seal type and the type of machine is different, but the installation essentials are almost the same, the installation steps and matters needing attention are as follows: 2.1 installation of right determine size. 2.2 prior to loading, axial (collar), gland should be no burr, bearing in good condition; Seal, shaft, sealing cavity, gland should be cleaned. In order to reduce frictional 4resistance, and shaft installed on mechanical seal parts to thin coated with oil, for lubrication, considering the intermiscibility of rubber o-ring, if not oil, can besmear soap and water. Without a stop pin float mounted static ring structure, not oil, should be dry load a gland. 2.3 to static ring mounted on the shaft with gland, be careful not to into the shaft, then load ring components. Spring bridge or transmission of evenly tighten the set screws should be several times. 3. Before the start of the preparation work and the matters needing attention 3.1 overall check mechanical seal, mechanical seal before the start of hydrostatic test, check whether there is leakage phenomenon. 3.2 before the start of sealed cavity filled with liquid shall be maintained. For solidification of the medium, the application of steam seal chamber heating melt medium according to the pump rotate to turning, check whether the light evenly. Such as turning demanding or not move, should check whether assembly size error, installation is reasonable. 4. The running maintenance 4.1 when the temperature of the medium to high, low, or containing impurity particles, inflammable, explosive, toxic, must adopt corresponding resistance sealing and flushing, cooling, filtering and other measures. 4.2 before turning by hand operation, pay attention to whether the torque is too big, any scratch and abnormal sound. 4.3 turn to pay attention to, and whether the coupling of, the bearing parts of the lubricating oil additive is appropriate, piping is correct. 4.4 before the first operation will be medium, the cooling water valve is open, check the gas in the sealed cavity is completely discharge, to prevent leaks by static pres4.5 is normal after driving stability, have without shaft turning caused by abnormal torque, as well as the abnormal noise and overheating. 5. Stop 5.1 with WaiFeng oil pump system of mechanical seal, should start the seal oil system. Stop after the last stop in sealing system. 5.2 hot oil pump shut down not immediately stop after the oil seal cavity and end face seal cooling water, should be end face seal oil temperature has dropped below 80 degrees, can stop the cooling water, so as not to damage sealing parts .56. New technological upgrading In order to improve the reliability and life of the mechanical seal, reduce wear and tear, the adoption of new materials and new technology of all kinds of mechanical seal technology. Has the advanced mechanical seals used technology mainly have the seals to shape, control balance ratio sealing technology, combined sealing technology and controllable mechanical seal technology, etc., can change the mechanical seal performance. Here mainly introduce the seals fractal technology. Seal face to fractal technology is through the various forms of trough on seal face to improve the face lubrication conditions, so as to realize the long life of mechanical seal, it is a high and new technology in the field of mechanical seal today. 6.1 a dry gas seal technologyDry gas seal is a slotted sealing technology used in gas sealing, belongs to the non-contact seal. On the outside of a sealing ring end face of dry gas seal processing has a uniform distribution of dynamic pressure groove of 2.5-10 um, as east ring rotates, fluid dynamic pressure groove to the outside of the high voltage isolation between gases pumped into the seals, gas film from the outside diameter to the groove root pressure increase gradually, and the groove root of air film pressure gradually decreases from the inner diameter, because the face film formed by the pressure increase del open force is greater than the effect on the sealing ring closing force, between friction pair in the formation of a thin layer of gas film, so that the rice noodles work in non contact mode, the formation of the gas film completely blocked the relatively low pressure sealing medium leakage channel, to achieve zero leakage of sealing medium. The sealing run without wear and tear, low consumption; Leak quantity is small, which can realize zero leakage; Structure is relatively simple, no complicated oil seal system, the low cost of installation and maintenance; System is reliable, which can realize stable operation for a long period of time. Trough the main points of dry gas seal face of single screw and twin twist to the two classes. Single screw to the trough can be used only in unidirectional rotating rotating equipment, in spin down before the requirements can produce open, such as inversion produces negative and may cause the damage of seal opening force. But relative to the twin twist to the channel, it can form a bigger opening force and film stiffness, higher 6stability and more reliable protection against contact face. Reason under the low speed and large vibration can also be used, in the present is the most used. A two-way channel to require irrotational, positive Differs, dry gas seal and upstream pumping seal end of fluid dynamic pressure groove reveal your is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the sealed fluid to lose ambition high side, in order to eliminate the sealing medium is composed of high voltage side to low voltage side of the leak. 6.3 face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal Face deep groove type hydrostatic mechanical seal is on the seal face a few group of groove depth of a few millimeters or holes and pressure medium into the hole, the seal fluid or external lubrication fluid is introduced into the seals, and thus sufficient lubrication and cooling of the seals. In structure with the pressure groove and pressure groove outside, etc. Since the pressure groove type several small opening in the non-rotating peripheral and and end face of the ring grooves are interlinked, thus introducing the pressure of seal medium sealing end surface; Outside pressure groove type of rotating ring circumferential outer holes and sealing medium are interlinked, and lubrication fluid source communicates with the outside world, int
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