海口朗阁雅思 2014年8月9日雅思考试阅读考题回顾

朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心 李珂考试日期：2014 年 8月 9日Reading Passage 1Title: 新西兰的路Question types:句子填空题 6题TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 6题文章内容回顾新西兰和澳大利亚道路历史的介绍，毛利人和早期欧洲人是如何出行的。现在道路情况的介绍，几条新道路。政府对修路不感兴趣，志愿者自己建设。第一条道路是为了 recreation, 有计划但未实行，最后一条道路把很多美景连起来。相关英文原文阅读The assertion that the first pathways were the trails made by animalshas not been universally accepted;in many cases animals do notfollow constant paths. Others believe that some roads originatedfrom following animal trails. The Icknield Way is given as an exampleof this type of road origination, where man and animal both selectedthe same natural line. By about 10,000 BC, rough roads/pathwayswere used by human travelers. The worlds oldest known paved roadwas laid in Egypt some time between 2600 and 2200 BC.Stone-paved streets are found in the city of Ur in the Middle Eastdating back to 4000 BC. Corduroy roads (log roads) are found datingto 4000 BC in Glastonbury, England.The Sweet Track, a timber track causeway in England, is one of theoldest engineered roads discovered and the oldest timber track waydiscovered in Northern Europe. Built in winter 3807 BC or spring3806 BC, tree-ring dating (Dendrochronology) enabled very precisedating. It was claimed to be the oldest road in the world until the 2009discovery of a 6,000-year-old track way in Plumstead, London.Brick-paved streets were used in India as early as 3000 BCIn 500 BC, Darius I the Great started an extensive road system forPersia (Iran), including the Royal Road, which was one of the finesthighways of its time. The road remained in use after Roman times.In ancient times, transport by river was far easier and faster thantransport by road, especially considering the cost of roadconstruction and the difference in carrying capacity between cartsand river barges. A hybrid of road transport and ship transportbeginning in about 1740 is the horse-drawn boat in which the horsefollows a cleared path along the river bank.朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language ExaminationsFrom about 312 BC, the Roman Empire built straightstrong stoneRoman roads throughout Europe and North Africa, in support of itsmilitary campaigns. At its peak the Roman Empire was connected by29 major roads moving out from Rome and covering 78,000kilometersor 52,964 Roman miles of paved roads.In the 8th century AD, many roads were built throughout the ArabEmpire. The most sophisticated roadswere those in Baghdad, whichwere paved with tar. Tar was derived from petroleum, accessed fromoil fields in the region, through the chemical process of destructivedistillation.The Highways Act 1555 in Britain transferred responsibility formaintaining roads from government tolocal parishes. This resulted ina poor and variable state of roads. To remedy this, the first of the“Turnpike trusts“ was established around 1706, to build good roadsand collect tolls from passing vehicles. Eventually there wereapproximately 1,100 trusts in Britain and some 36,800 km (22,870miles) of engineered roads. The Rebecca Riots in Carmarthenshireand Rhayader from 1839 to 1844 contributed to a Royal Commissionthat led to the demise of the system in 1844, which coincided with thedevelopment of the UK railway system.朗阁名师题型难度分析本篇文章题型难度较低，是非无判断题及句子填空题均具有顺序性原则，只要考生平时注重定位能力的训练，在较短的时间内可以提高这两种题型的做题速度和准确性。根据学员回忆，本篇文章篇幅较短，难度较低。1-6 填空题：1. beach2.scientist3.funeral4.recreation5.hunters6.huts7-12 是非无判断题：7. FALSE8.NOT GIVEN9.FALSE10.FALSE11.NOT GIVEN12.TRUE题型技巧分析对于是非无判断题有两点需要提醒：第一，是非无判断题理论上是具有顺序性的题型，因此考生在回到文章中扫描定位词时可以按照题目顺序来依次定位。但是是非无判断题的特殊性在于其中有“无”的情况，所以如果考生过于机械的遵循顺序定朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations位的规律，对于答案是 NOT GIVEN的题目，有可能会出现需要读完更多内容才能判断出来的情况。所以建议考生在搜索某题的定位词时，可以同时关注后面题目的定位词是否出现。在下一题定位词已经出现而本题定位词或者其同义替换的词仍未找到的情况下，则本题可以判断为 NOT GIVEN。第二，考生在判断题目中的定位词时，不必只找唯一的一个词。如果题目中出现了不止一个词可以用于作为定位词，建议考生可以全部找出来，一起定位。因为这样能够准确定位到题目出现的位置。剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑 6 Test 2 Passage 1（文章话题相关）剑 5 Test 3 Passage 3（题型搭配相关）Reading Passage 2Title: 艺术的影响Question types:List of HeadingsMatching（人名与理论配对）句子填空题文章内容回顾艺术对很多领域有影响。社区艺术可以促进旅游业，带来经济效益。列举社区可以发展的艺术形式，但很多人不参加社区艺术活动，分析不想参加的原因。提到两个项目，鼓励儿童参加艺术活动。相关英文原文阅读Motivated purposes of art refer tointentional, conscious actions onthe part of the artists or creator. These may be to bring about politicalchange, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a specificemotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrateanother discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, orsimply as a form of communication.Communication. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. Asmost forms of communication have an intent or goal directed towardanother individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, suchas scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Mapsare another example. However, the content need notbe scientific.Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art.Art as entertainment. Art may seek to bring about a particularemotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining theviewer. This is often the function of the art industries of MotionPictures and Video Games.The Avante-Garde. Art for political change. One of the definingfunctions of early twentieth-century art has been to use visualimages to bring about political change. Art movements that had thisgoalDadaism, Surrealism, Russian constructivism, and AbstractExpressionism, among othersare collectively referred to astheavante-garde arts.“By contrast, the realistic attitude, inspired by positivism, from Saint朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language ExaminationsThomas Aquinas to Anatole France, clearly seems to me to behostile to any intellectual or moral advancement. I loathe it, for it ismade up of mediocrity, hate, and dull conceit. It is this attitude whichtoday gives birth to these ridiculous books, these insulting plays. Itconstantly feeds on and derives strength from the newspapers andstultifies both science and art by assiduously flattering the lowest oftastes; clarity bordering on stupidity, a dogs life.“ -Andr Breton(Surrealism)Art as a “free zone“, removed from the action of the social censure.Unlike the avant-garde movements, which wanted to erase culturaldifferences in order to produce new universal values, contemporaryart has enhanced its tolerance towards cultural differences as well asits critical and liberating functions (social inquiry, activism,subversion, deconstruction.), becoming a more open place forresearch and experimentation.Art for social inquiry, subversion and/or anarchy. While similar to artfor political change, subversive ordeconstructivist art may seek toquestion aspects of society without any specific political goal. In thiscase, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect ofsociety.题型难度分析这篇文章搭配题型的难度较高，大部分考生对于 heading题较心虚，同时还出现了人名-理论配对，让很多考生措手不及。填空题：rates, attire, recognition题型技巧分析建议考生在做雅思人名观点配对题时不需要看完全篇再去做题，而是可以采用定位法去有的放矢的解决，这样既快捷高效地完成了阅读任务，也不再对阅读中的搭配题感到棘手和害怕了。今天要和考生们一起探讨的是如何处理有关人名观点配对中，人名多次出现的试题。 人名观点配对一般考察的是某个人的言论(statement)、观点(opinion)、评论(comment)、发现(findings or discoveries)。这样，一般这个题的答案在文中就只有两个答案区：1. 人名边上的引号里面的内容；2. 人名+ think /say /claim /argue /believe /report /find /discover/insist /admit /report. + that从句。 人名在文中一般以以下方式出现：1. 全称(full name), 如：Brian Waldron2. 名(first name), 不常见3. 姓(surname), 如：Professor Smith4. He/she（在同一段话中，该人再次出现时，用指示代词替代）因此，建议考生去文中找人名时，应该将上述四种情况均考虑进去。再者，应该谨记在心的是：如果一个人名在一段话中出现 N次，也只能算一次。如果一个人名在 N段话中出现，就算 N次。 该题的答案遍布于全文。因此应该从文章的开头往后依次寻找人名。朗阁海外考试研究中心Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 该题貌似是全篇文章的考察，其实考察的就是这些人所说的几句话。故应先从文中找人名，再去找答案。标题配对题（List of headings）是雅思阅读中的一种重要题型，要求给段落找小标题。它一般位于文章之前，由两部分组成：一部分是选项，另一部分是段落编号，要求给各个段落找到与它对应的选项，即表达了该段中心思想的选项，有时还会举一个例子。当然，例子中的选项是不会作为答案的。解题思路：1. 将例子所对应的选项及段落标号划去2. 划出选项中的关键词及概念性名词3. 浏览文章，抓住各段的主题句和核心词（尤其是反复出现的核心词），重点关注段落首