[医药]颈段断层解剖-《断层解剖学》

一、脊柱区的一般结构椎骨的一般形态横突椎弓椎体棘突下关节突上关节突椎孔椎弓根 (pedicle,P)椎弓板 (lamina,L)Vertebral bodyVertebral archTransverse processspinous processInferior articular process Superior articular process Vertebral foramen）（一）脊柱前部椎体椎间盘前纵韧带后纵韧带1.椎体纤维环髓 核椎间盘后纵韧带前纵韧带软骨板 骺环2.椎间盘 intervertebral disc(透明软骨终板 )椎骨的发育2.椎间盘腰骶椎间盘胸腰椎间盘颈胸椎间盘第 1胸椎间盘第 1颈椎间盘第 1腰椎间盘髓核突出的方向椎间盘疝出腰椎间盘 A.椎体终板星状骨折 B.X线图片未显示终板骨折 C.上终板凹陷 ,髓核突入椎体内 ,内层纤维环塌陷并凸突入髓核内 ,后侧纤维环像发卡样弯曲 . D.髓核通过终板突入椎体内 . E.纤维环膨出超过椎体后侧边界 .赵凤东等主译 腰痛的生物力学 腰椎间盘 A.髓核向左后外侧脱出 B.纤维环放射状裂缝,终板骨折 ,血液渗出 E.上终板凹陷 ,髓核突入椎体内 ,内层纤维环塌陷并凸突入髓核内 ,后侧纤维环像发卡样弯曲 . F.髓核向后脱出至后纵韧带下方 .赵凤东等主译 腰痛的生物力学 腰椎间盘突出髓核脱出与椎间盘脱出症椎间盘向后外侧疝出压迫神经根Figure 1a. MR images of the lumbar spine in a 32-year-old woman with discogenic low back pain demonstrate the criteria used to identify mild endplate abnormalities. Sagittal (a) T1-weighted (700/12) and (b) T2-weighted (5,000/112) turbo spin-echo MR images demonstrate a small band of increased signal intensity (arrowheads) of bone marrow (cranial or caudal extent 25% of the vertebral height as measured on a midsagittal image) adjacent to the upper endplate at the intervertebral disk level of L5 (5) to S1 (1) (type II endplate abnormality). There is grade 3 degeneration at the L5-to-S1 intervertebral disk level with disk bulging and grade 4 degeneration of the intervertebral disk at L4 (4) to L5 with disk bulging. 3.前纵韧带 4.后纵韧带前纵韧带后纵韧带3.前纵韧带4.后纵韧带棘间韧带Interspinous lig.（二）脊柱后部椎弓关节突关节韧带椎间孔 (椎间管 )1. 椎弓2.关节突关节椎板间隙关节突间隙(峡部 )3.椎弓间的韧带3.椎弓间的韧带项韧带棘上韧带棘间韧带3.椎弓间的韧带黄韧带3.椎弓间韧带 横突间韧带横突间韧带棘上韧带黄韧带椎下切迹椎上切迹4.椎间孔 (管 )胸腰椎间孔