肌学总论、头颈和躯干肌泰山医学院课件

Chapter 3 Myology 肌学Section 1 General description泰山医学院人体解剖学教研室 赵振美 Composition Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱aponeurosis 腱膜 ClassificationLong muscle 长肌Short muscle 短肌Flat muscle扁肌Orbicular muscle 轮匝肌 Morphology and composition of skeletal muscles Origin, insertion and action of skeletal muscles Supplementary structures of muscles Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia Deep fascia Synovial bursa 滑膜囊 Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synovial layer: Section 2 Muscles of head Facial muscles 面肌 Epicranius 颅顶肌 (occipitofrontalis) 枕额肌 Frontal belly 额腹 Occipital belly 枕腹 Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜 Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌 Buccinator 颊肌 Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌帽状腱膜 额 腹 Masticatory muscles Masseter 咬肌 Origin inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch Insertion lateral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandible Action elevates mandible Temporalis 颞肌 Origin temporal fossa Insertion coronoid process of mandible Action elevates and retracts mandible Medial pterygoid 翼内肌 Lateral pterygoid 翼外肌咀嚼肌咀嚼肌Section 3 Muscles of neck Superficial groupPlatysma 颈阔肌 Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌 Suprahyoid muscles Digastric 二腹肌 Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌 Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌 Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌Elevate (raise) hyoid bone and depress mandible. Infrahyoid muscles Sternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌 Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌 Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌 Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌Depress hyoid or larynx after elevation Deep cervical musclesLateral Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌 Scalenus medius 中斜角肌 Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙Action ：Medial longus capitis 头长肌 longus colli 颈长肌Flex the head, bends the neck forwardSection 4 Muscles of trunk Muscles of backTrapezius 斜方肌Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Trapezius 斜方肌 Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapulary Action: upper fibers elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula; if scapula is fixed, one side acting along, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backwardLatissimus dorsi背阔肌 Origin: spinous processes of lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, median sacral crest, and posterior part of iliac crest. Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus. Action: trunk fixed, extends, adducts and medially rotates arm ; arm fixed, elevates trunk.Erector spinae Position: fills the vertebral groove on each side of the spine Action: extends vertebral column (draw head backward) Muscles of thorax ) Thoracico-upper-limb muscles胸上肢肌 ) Thoracicointrinsic muscles胸固有肌Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum,1st-6th costal cartilages. Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk; elevates ribs 1-6, aiding in forced inspiration.Pectoralis minor 胸小肌Serratus anterior 前锯肌 ) Thoracicointrinsic muscles Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌 Diaphragm 膈Shape and position: a peripheral muscular part and a central tendonOpenings in the diaphragm Aortic hiatus主动脉裂孔 lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between the crura. It transmits the aorta, thoracic duct Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔 for esophagus and vagus nerves at level of T10. Vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔 for inferior ve