英语专业本科毕业论文-论《献给艾米丽的玫瑰花》中的哥特式情结.doc

毕业论文论献给艾米丽的玫瑰花中的哥特式情结学校专业姓名学号班级指导教师院系二一一年二月论献给艾米丽的一支玫瑰花中的哥特式情结摘要美国作家威廉.福克纳的作品献给艾米丽的玫瑰花被视为美国南方哥特式小说的杰作。这部小说讲述了爱米丽小姐悲惨的一生，充满悬疑，耐人寻味。这篇论文主要从几个角度讨论了献给艾米丽的玫瑰花的哥特式风格。这篇论文分为四部分，第一部分，对威廉.福克纳和他的短篇小说献给艾米莉的玫瑰花作了简要的介绍，并且指出了这篇论文的目的和意义。第二部分主要介绍了哥特式文学的来源和哥特式特点在文学上的体现。第三部分,也是这篇论文最重要部分，通过分析环境描写，主题，叙述方式还有人物描写来体现献给艾米丽的玫瑰花中的哥特式特点或风格。最后部分对这篇论文作了总结，它所得出的结论是献给艾米丽的玫瑰花很多方面体现了哥特式特点，并且因为它的哥特式特点作者才成功地表达了他所想表达的主题。关键词：哥特情结；环境描写；主题；叙述方式；人物StudyontheGothicComplexinARoseforEmilyAbstractARoseforEmilywrittenbyAmericanwriterWilliamFaulknerisregardedastherepresentativeworkofsoutherngothicfictionofAmerica.ThestorywritesMissEmilystragiclifeanditsfullofsuspenseandintenselyinteresting.ThispaperdiscussestheGothiccharacteristicsofARoseforEmilyonseveralangles,anditisdividedintofourparts.Inthefirstpart,itintroducestheWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmilybrieflyandpointsouttheaimandthesignificanceofthestudy.Inthesecondpartitintroducesthegothiccharacteristicsinliterature.Inthethirdpartwhichisthemostimportantpart,itpointsoutthattheauthorusesgothiccharacteristicsfromfouraspectsofthedescriptionofenvironment,thetheme,thenarrativeway,andthecharacter.Inthelastpart,itconcludesthattheauthorcombinesgothiccharacteristicswiththerealisticcontentsuccessfullyandexpresseshiscomplicatedfeelingpreciselybecauseofusinggothiccharacteristics.Keywords:gothiccomplex；environmentdescription；theme；narrativeway；characterContentsAbstract.i内容摘要.ii1.Introduction.11.1AbriefintroductionofWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmily.11.2IntroductionoftheGothicCharacteristicsinLiterature.22.LiteratureReview.33.TheGothicCharacteristicsinARoseforEmily.43.1Thegothiccharacteristicsinthedescriptionofenvironment.43.2ThegothiccharacteristicsinthethemeofARoseforEmily.63.3ThegothiccharacteristicsinthenarrativewayofARoseforEmily.73.4Thegothiccharacteristicsinthecharacter.84.Conclusion.10Bibliography.13StudyontheGothicComplexinARoseforEmily1.Introduction1.1AbriefintroductionofWilliamFaulknerandhisARoseforEmilyWilliamFaulknerisoneofthemostdistinguishwriterinAmericanliterature.HewasbornandlivedintheSouth,whichinfluencedhimgreatly,therefore,mostofhisworksdescribedthepeopleandtheirlivesintheSouth.AstheappearanceofFaulkner,theSouthappearedtheliterarygloriesof“theSouthRenaissance”,whicheverwascalled“theliterarydesert.(YuJianhua,TheSecondProsperousofAmericanLiterature,460).Heinventedacountyandatowninhisimagination,andhewroteaboutthesocietyintheSouthbyinventingfamilieswhichrepresenteddifferentsocialforces:theold,decayingupperclass；therising,ambitious,unscrupulousclassof“poorwhites”；andtheNegroeswholaboredforbothofthem.HismajorworksincludedSartoris,TheUnvanquished,TheSoundandtheFury,AsILayDying,TheTownandARoseforEmily(LaurenceB.Holland,TheNortonAnthologyofAmericanLiterary,534-537).Publishedin1930,ARoseforEmilywasoneofthebestknownandthemostwidelyreadnovelamongWilliamFaulknersshortstories.ThestorytookplaceinamythicaltownthatWilliamFaulknercalledJefferson,Mississippi.ThestoryhappenedattheperiodofthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturieswhenthetownwaslearningtolivewithSouthslossintheCivilWarandtheconsequentdismantlingoftheslavery-basedsocietythathadprecededit.BecauseofthelossintheCivilWar,peopleinthesouthledapoorlife.Especiallythewhitepeople,theirlifesuddenlybecomepoorbecausemostoftheslaveswenttothenorthtoworkforthenorthernindustry，sothewhitepeoplecouldntgetaccustomedtothelifechangeinashorttime,buttheystillpretendedtobenobleandkepttheirfamilysdignity(HowardClincotton,AmericanHistory,30).Thestorydescribedawhitewoman,EmilystragiclifeundertheSouthslossinthe2CivilWar.Emilyslifewasstronglydominatedbyherfather,andshehadnorighttodatewithmalesandchooseherlover.Afterherfathersdeath,shecouldonlydatewithanorthernworker.Buttoherdisappointment,theworkerrefusedtomarryher,andtherefusaldrovehertokillhimbyusingpoison,andshelethisbodycompanyher.AfterEmilysdeath,thetownpeoplediscoveredaskeletoninthehouse,andfoundoutthatthepoorEmilywasamurder,andpeoplewereshockedbythediscovery.Thematically,thisshortstoryisnotassimpleasitseems.Theconflictsinthestorycanbeinterpretedondifferentlevels.Onthesuperficiallevel,itwasamurderstorywithgothiccharacteristics.Itdescribedaneccentricwomanwholivedinherolddecayingmysterioushousethatotherpeoplehadnotvisitedfordecades,and,ofcourse,adeadbodyinthehousefinallywasdiscoveredaftersomanyyears.Onanotherlevel,thestorycanbereadasaconflictbetweentheSouthandtheNorthwithEmilyrepresentingthedecliningSouthandHomerBarronrepresentingtheNorth.Onadeeperlevel,thestoryexplorestheinnerworldofahumanbeing,ortheinnerstruggleinthehumanheart.1.2IntroductionoftheGothicCharacteristicsinLiteratureTheword“Goth”camefromthenameofaGermanictribe.Thegothicpeoplewerefamousfortheirbrutalanduncivilizedfeatures.TheyeverlivedinnorthEurope,theninvadedinRomeEmpirefromthethirdADcenturytothefifthADcentury,andsetmanykingdomsinItaly,Spain,southpartofFranceandNorthAfrica.Athousandyearslater,aftertheRomeEmpirediedout,ItalianVasari(1511-1574)usedtheGothforthefirsttimetorefertoanarchitecturalstyleinmiddleage,whichwastallsharppointed,vaultedroofortower,narrowwindows,colorfulglass,darknesshouses,gloomyladders.(XiaoMinghan,CriticismofForeignLiterature,9)ThegothicarchitecturewasoriginatedinFrancein11thcentury,anditwaspopularinEuropefrom13thcenturyto15thcentury.Thiskindofarchitecturestylemostlyisseeninthechurch,andalsoincommonarchitecture.Thegothicarchitecturehasahighstatusinthehistoryofarchitecturebecauseofitsexcellentskillanditsachievementinthefieldofart.Thegothiccharacteristicsnotonlyappearinarchitecture,butalsoappearinmanyfieldssuchasliterature,movie,musicandclothing.Theso-called“GothicRevivalappearedinaspectsofarchitectureandliteratureduringeighteenthcenturytonineteenthcentury,whichwasthegloomyanddepressed3toneinmiddleage.Meanwhile,someliteraryworksenjoyedthesametonewithGothicfictioninthetime.TakeHoraceWalpoleforexample,hisTheCastleofOtrantosetanexampleforearlyclassicgothicfiction.ThebirthofGothicfiction”wasnotonlyrelatedwiththeGothicfeelingofthecemeterypoetryofEngland,butrelatedwiththeGothiccharacteristics，theaestheticstandardofEdmundBurke(1729-1797)aswell.Thegothiccharacteristicsinliteraturearethatthestorymostlytakesplaceinadistantagesanddesolateplaces,thecharactersarelockedorimprisonedinnarrowspacesorinamysteriousgothicbuildingandsuspenseoftenmingleswithlove.Therearesomeusualwaysofsuspense,suchasmysteriousinheritance,secretantecedents,lostwill,thesecretoffamily,ancestralcurseandsoon.Andattheendofthestory,themysteryorthesuspenseissolved,theevildoerisdiscoveredandtheimpedimentofthelovebetweentheheroandtheheroineisbrushedaside.Comparedwithromanticfiction,thegothicfictionmostlydescribesadventurousstoryandtheimpedimentoflovemostlyiscausedbytheevildoer,whiletheromanticfictionmostlydescribesthefamilystriviality,andtheimpedimentoftheloveintheromanticfictionbetweencharactersiscausedbythem.Thethemeofthegothicstorymostlyrevealsthroughdeath,murder,violenceandhorriblescene.Inashort,thenovelswiththegothiccharacteristicsrevealamysterious,horrible,depressedandgloomyatmosphere.Sincethe18t