2017高考英语二轮复习 专题7 阅读理解_11

1 类型 8| 社会生活 考查要点 方法技巧 1.社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和挑战。 2迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。 3处理或解决问题的方式方法。 4人们工作、生活、社交的方式及其 影响。 1.明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。 2运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主题。 3明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解决 办法。 4抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。 (2016全国乙卷B) Grandparents Answer a Call As a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study by ，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own， ”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand，a magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when youre raising children.” Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser 2 to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder. 25Why was Garzas move a success? AIt strengthened her family ties. BIt improved her living conditions. CIt enabled her to make more friends. DIt helped her know more new places. 26What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision? A17% expressed their support for it. BFew people responded sympathetically. C83% believed it had a bad influence. DThe majority thought it was a trend. 27What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? AThey were unsure of themselves. BThey were eager to raise more children. CThey wanted to live away from their parents. DThey had little respect for their grandparents. 28What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? AMake decisions in the best interests of their own. BAsk their children to pay more visits to them. CSacrifice for their struggling children. DGet to know themselves better. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如 何做出选择。 长难句解读：Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder. 分析：本句为并列句。but 前的第一个分句中，Having your grandchildren far away 为动名词短语作主语，especially knowing your adult child is struggling 为现 在分词短语作状语；but 后的第二个分句中，giving up the life 为动名词短语作主语， you know 为定语从句修饰其前的 the life。 翻译：与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子女生活艰难，但是放弃你熟 悉的生活可能更艰难。 25A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.giving them a closer 3 relationship.”可知，Garza 搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与 A 项的表 述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选 A 项。 26D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.”可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥 巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选 D 项。 27C 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.”可知，在 20 世纪 60 年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走 高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与 C 项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选 C 项。 28A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Moving is not for everyone.”以及“it is wiser to say no and visit frequently”可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发， 做出选择，故选 A 项。 A (2016长春市普通高中质量监测) One of the biggest social issues in Japan is the increasingly low marriage rates among young people and the low birth rates，which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩) population.Most young Japanese women simply dont seem interested in having many children. Now what began in Japan is happening globally.As David Brooks wrote，birth rates are becoming lower in much of the world，from Iran1.7 births per womanto Russian，where low birth rates connected with high death rates mean the population is already shrinking.And this includes the US，which has long had higher birth rates than most developed nations.Aging countries will face the burden of caring for large elderly populations without a larger resource of young workers. Its true that global aging is going to present some major challenges.Who will take care of the elderly? Will an older world be less active and slower to change and adapt？Its all true.Sometimes I worry about a coming generational war over resources，just as I worry about how I will take care of my own parents in their old age，just as I worry about who might take care of me. But heres the thing：an older world may have less pressure on the 4 environment.As we all know，the environment is the real victim of overpopulation. So maybe a world that grows slower and grows older will put less pressure on the environment，and buy us a few more years to ensure our energy use，along with our birth rates，reaches a sustainable(可持续的 )level.After all，were supposed to get smarter as we get older.Hopefully that holds true for the planet as well. 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的 方面。 1The population issue in Japan is mentioned to Ashow young peoples preference for marriage Bintroduce the topic of global birth rates becoming lower Cindicate the deeper cause of Japans depression Demphasize the revolution of Japanese women B 细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老 龄化问题。第二段的第一句“Now what began in Japan is happening globally.”也是 提示。故选 B。 2Which will be caused by low birth rates according to the passage? AAging society. BEnvironmental problems. CHigh death rates. DLow employment rates. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the biggest social issues in Japan is.and the low birth rates，which lead to an aging and eventually shrinking(萎缩)population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选 A。 3Whats the authors attitude to the worldwide birth rates becoming lower? AAnxious. BDisappointed. CHopeful. DDoubtful. C 观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环 境压力、保障能源供应等。故选 C。 【导学号：85602021】 B (2016南昌市第一次模拟) 5 The World Health Organization(WHO)said that processed meat may be carcinogenic (致癌的)Do you still dare eat cancerlinked processed meat? Here are some comments on the website. Bill (Australia) Id rather live a short，pleasant life than a long，unhappy one，denying (拒绝给予) myself tasty food just because some experts say its not healthy.We should all enjoy the life we haveif I had listened to every piece of health advice I would never go anywhere，eat anything or enjoy life in any way.So，I wont change my habit.I am going to have a bacon sandwich，glass of wine，burger，can of coke whenever I feel like them. Tim (America) Is meat really as bad as smoking? I dont think so.According to the WHO 34，000 people die worldwide per year because they eat processed meat.In 2012，8.2 million people died of cancer worldwide.That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.Ill take the chance. Helen (Switzerland) The WHO doesnt say that just one bite of meat causes cancer，but it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less. Van (China) Perhaps this report will make people consider becoming vegetarians (素食者)So for your health，the environment and future generations，it is not difficult; it just needs a change of attitude.There is a vast variety of other delicious food available to enjoy. 本文主要介绍了一些网民对于世界卫生组织公布的食用加工肉制品可能致癌的这一信 息的个人看法。 4What if Bill has to change his habit? AHell feel unhappy. BHell live a pleasant life. CHell go on a diet. DHell become a vegetarian. A 推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句“Id rather live a short，pleasant life than a long， unhappy one，denying(拒绝给予)myself tasty food just because some experts say its not healthy.”可推知，Bill 如果改变目前的饮食习惯，他会不开心 的。 6 5What does Tim think about eating processed meat? AToo risky. BFairly safe. CPopular worldwide. DVery unhealthy. B 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Is meat really as bad as smoking？I dont think so.”和“That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.Ill take the chance.”可知，Tim 认为吃加工肉制品并不是什么要命的事儿，还 是比较安全的。 6What may be Helens response to WHOs warning? ACaring little about it. BEating whatever she likes. CVarying the diet and doing more exercise. DTaking a diet without meat. C 细节理解题。根据第四段的“.it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less.”可 知，Helen 对 WHO 的警告的回应应该是饮食多样化并多锻炼身体。 C (2016福建省五校统一考试) Vacation is a time for refreshment.In work，we are often called to think.Sometimes，its good to give our brains a rest.Without a break，we may not be able to perform up to our potential.This can be a problem，not only for the employee，but for the employer as well. “The main benefit of vacation is for the workers to come back energized， ” says Weaver.“If they havent had a break，then theyre not coming back with new energy.They havent had a chance to step back and get perspective(客观判断力)，and come back with renewed enthusiasm.” Long working hours without a break，insecurity(无保障) about ones job，and other workrelated worries can lead to burnout and stress.Humans can usually adapt to pressure，but not for a limitless amount of time. “It is a problem of relating good workers and having them loyal to the firm while theyre there， ” says David Maume，PhD ，professor of sociology at 7 the University of Cincinnati.He says burnout can also affect employees productivity，creativity，and effectiveness. In addition, high levels of stress are likely to be precursors (前兆) to depression，which can hit both the employer and employees pocketbook.Even people who manage to remain productive at work can have problems.If theyre always at work，then theyre not with their family and friends.If theyre working while on vacation，for the time that theyre on the job，theyre not really present. An unbalanced emphasis on work can strain family and social life.When you come up for air，you may see that youre alone，or that your relationships have gone on without you. 员工的休假是必需的。休假可以使员工恢复体力和脑力，从而提高工作效率；如果没 有休假，员工会产生焦虑、担心、心不在焉等不良情绪。 7The underlined word“there”in the fourth paragraph probably refers to Athe vacation Bthe company Cthe university Dthe home B 指代判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“It is a problem of relating good workers and having them loyal to the firm while theyre there”可知，当员工在公 司工作时，使优秀的员工忠诚于公司便成了