2017版高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 核心语法项项破 专题1-10_7

专题七 定语从句 一、关系代词与关系副词的选择 如果定语从句中缺乏主语、宾语或表语则使 用关系代词 who、 whom、 which或 that引导定 语从句；如果定语从句中缺乏状语则使用关系 副词 why、 when或 where引导定语从句。 用适当的关系代 词 或关系副 词 完成下列句子 1. Opposite is St.Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京 ) 2 The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津 ) 3 As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西 ) 4 The books on the desk, _covers are shiny， are prizes for us.(2015四川 ) 5. Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014江西 ) 6 Students should involve themselves in community activities_ they can gain experience for growth.(2014福建 ) 7 He wrote a letter _he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013江西 ) 8 The reason _ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes. 【 答案 】 1.where 2.where 3.when 4.whose 5.that/which 6.where 7.where 8.why 二、 关系代词 that 与 which 的区别 分 类 规则 只用 that ，不用 which的 情况 1.先行 词 是 all, somebody, everything, anywhere, nothing, little, much, few等不定代 词时 ； 2先行 词 被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some等 词 修 饰时 ； 3先行 词 被序数 词 、形容 词 最高 级 修 饰 或先行 词 本身是序数 词时 ； 分 类 规则 只用 that ，不用 which的 情况 4先行 词 被 the only, the very( 正是，恰是 )， the last修 饰时 ； 5先行 词 中既有人也有物 时 ； 6在 which或 who的特殊疑 问 句 中含有定 语 从句 时 只用 which， 不用 that 的情况 1.在非限制性定 语 从句中指物 时 ； 2在 “ 介 词 关系代 词 ” 结 构 中且先行 词 指物 时 。 用 that或 which完成下列句子 1 China Today attracts a worldwide readership, _ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建 ) 2 I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.(2014北京 ) 3 Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西 ) 4 I will tell you everything _I have known about the accident. 【 答案 】 1.which 2.which 3.that 4.that 三、关系代词 who 与 whom 的区别 分 类 规则 只用 who不用 whom的情况 当先行 词 是 one, ones, anyone, all, those等指人 时 只用 whom不 用 who的情况 在 “ 介 词 关系代 词 ” 结 构中，且先行 词 指人 时 用关系代 词 who或 whom完成下列句子 1 Happiness and success often come to those _are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南 ) 2 John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _are family members.(2013重庆 ) 【 答案 】 1.who 2.whom 四、关系代词 as与 which的区别 a s 1.as作关系代 词时 ，用来引 导 非限 制性定 语 从句，意 为 “ 正如，正像 ” ， as引 导 的句子可放在句首、句 末或句中。 2 as常用在下列 习惯 用 语 中： as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case(通 常就是 这样 ), as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。 as 3 “ such/so as” 意 为 “ 像 这样 ” ，用来引 导 定 语 从 句， as在从句中可充当主 语 、 宾语 或表 语 等 wh ich which引 导 定 语 从句代指前面整句 话 内容 时 ， 则 只能位于句末 用关系代 词 as或 which完成下列句子。 1 The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏 ) 2 Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.(2014四川 ) 3 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽 ) 4 _is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013陕西 ) 【 答案 】 1.as 2.which 3.which 4.As 五、在 “介词关系代词 ”中介词的选择 1根据 动词 与介 词 的搭配。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 2根据形容 词 与介 词 的搭配。 The boy to whom I want to be grateful is John. 3根据从句的意 义 来确定介 词 。 I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 4表示 “整体和部分关系 ”时 ，介 词 常用 of。 (1)在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代 词 或数 词 的前 、后可以用 of which/whom。 (2)the比 较级 或最高 级 前、后用 of which/whom等。 根据句意，用适当的介 词 填空 1. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill _which school education depends.(2015安徽 ) 2. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most _ whom are family members.(2013重庆 ) 3 There is a hole in the wall _which you can see what is happening outside. 4 The local villagers take an active part in developing tourism, _which they can make a huge profit. 5 Great changes have taken place in our hometown _which we are all proud. 【 答案 】 1.on/upon 2.of 3.through 4.from 5.of 六、 way和 time后接定语从句的情况 1在定 语 从句中， the way在从句中充当方 式状 语时 ，其后的关系 词 可以是 in which, that 或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主 语 、 宾语 等 成分 时 ，其后的关系 词 就用 that或 which。 2先行 词 time作 “次数 ”讲时 ， 应 用关系代 词 that引 导 定 语 从句， that可省略； 当先行 词 time作 “一段 时间 ； 时 代 ”讲 且作状 语时 ， 应 用 关系副 词 when或 “at/during which”引 导 定 语 从句。 There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject. 曾 经 ，每个老 师 每周都有一天花 费 一小 时对 学生的每 门 功 课进 行 测试 。 根据括号中的 汉语 提示完成下面的句子 1 I don