00-10专八英翻中

2000 年：If people mean anything at all by the expression_r “untimely（不合时宜的， timely:适时的、及时的） death”, they must believe that some deaths run on（连续, 不分 段, 流逝, 涉及）a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimelya long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing（= passing away 死 亡）of a young person, one assumes（假定、设想） that the best years lay ahead and the measure（尺度、评价） of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent（卓越的、突出的）summer （壮年 时期, 青春） deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe（马丽莲梦露 ）and James Deans（詹姆士迪恩斯）, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats（约翰济慈）died at 26, and only half playfully（开玩笑地） judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity（强度、亮度=achievements: 成就）and virtue（德行、品德）. 【参考译文】 如果人们使用“死不逢时” 的时候有所指的话，那肯定认为一些人的逝世是 寿终正寝，而另外一些人的辞世则是英年早逝。很少有人会说因年老而死亡是“死不逢时”- -人们总是把老年人的寿终正寝看作是一种圆满。但是对于一个英年早逝的人，人们常常认 为他的好日子还在后头，对他短暂的一生作出评价还为时尚早。 然而，历史对此观点持否定态度。谈到英年早逝的人物，人们常常回想起马丽莲梦露和 詹姆士迪恩斯。二人生命虽短，却功成名就。作家们难以接受英国诗人约翰济慈 26 岁便 匆匆辞世的残酷现实，然而，当他们 26 岁时，只有自嘲虚度年华碌碌无为的份了。那种 认为生命短暂就不圆满的观点是不合逻辑的，因为评价一个人的一生应当看他给世人留下 的印象，他所取得的成就，以及他的个人品质。 2001 年： Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist（要点，主旨） of it. There is no happiness except as we take on(接纳) life- engaging（有魅力的、迷人的） difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms（相同的表达、看法） when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”. The mortal flaw （致命的缺陷）in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports（宣称、声称） to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games（体育比赛、游戏）. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary（武断的） imposition（强迫 接受） of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 参考译文】 努力是问题的关键。如果不经历艰难困苦，就没有幸福可言。正如爱尔兰诗 人叶芝所言，除了极少数不大可能出现的情况外，我们一生中得到的满意程度取决于我们 愿意克服的困难有多大。美国诗人罗伯特费罗斯特谈到“苦中求乐” 时，也表达了相同的看 法。出现在广告中的幸福都有一个致命的错误，那就是，不费吹灰之力即可获得幸福。 即使在体育比赛中，我们也需要克服困难。我们需要克服困难，因为没有困难就没有比 赛。比赛就是使某件事情变得更加困难，以便难中取乐。制定比赛规则就是故意制造困难。 违反竞赛规则也就丧失了比赛乐趣。下棋时，如果不受规则的约束，高兴怎么走就怎么走， 你很容易取胜。然而，乐趣源于胜利而又遵守规则。没有困难，也就没有乐趣。 2002 年：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society. Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence(伪装) and manipulating（操纵） others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个 他们所想象的为人之道；相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者， 他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在真 心关爱和虚情假意之间，在顽固不化和大智若愚之间，在真才实学和装学富五车之间，实 质上都存在着天壤之别。成功者无需面具掩藏自我。 Winners are not afraid of to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished（毁坏、推翻）, bound, or awed（敬畏） by them. 成功者们能运用自己的知识进行独立思考。他们能够 分清事实，而不会假装他们自己无所不知。他们会倾听他人的想法，评判他人的言论，最 后得出自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩、尊敬他人，但他们不会受他人牵制，被他人左 右，或被他人打垮。 Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume（假定、设想、采取） responsibility for their own lives. 优胜者不会面对困难而 显得无助（敢于只面困难），也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们会努力肩负起自己对待生活的 责任。 2003 年： In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis（大城市，大都市）. But his cousin looks around bewildered（困惑、迷惑）. All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements（改造的地方）which you were to show me?” she asks. Hes astonished she cant see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating（讲述、描述、阐述）a distinctly American trait, future- mindedness（ minded:有思想的，着眼未来的）: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered 【没有阻碍的, 不受妨碍的； cumber（n.）障碍encumber （v. ）阻碍encumbered 有阻碍的unencumbered 没有 阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子 ), never being（现 在是什么样子）.” 【参考答案】詹姆斯费尼莫 库珀在其经典小说拓荒者 中，讲述了主人公，一个土地 开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。他说，这是一个熙熙攘攘的大 都市，街道宽阔，房屋林立。而他的表妹却环顾四周，大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树 林。她不禁问道：“你要给我看的美景在哪，被你改造了的地方又在哪?”。开发商没料到他 的表妹竟看不到他所讲的一切，惊讶地回答说，“哪儿? 到处都是啊!”虽然这一切还未在大地 上建成，但他已经在脑海里建好了，对他来说，这一切都像已经建成竣工了那样真实具体。 在这里库珀揭示了美国人的一个典型特点：那就是着眼未来，也就是说，他们能够从未 来的角度看待现在的一切，可以不为过去所羁绊看待现在，在情感上更多地依附于未来的 事物。正如阿尔伯特爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样： “对美国人来说，生活总是在发展变化中， 从来不会静止不变。” 2004 年：For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness. Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when from the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim(边缘) with experience that needs to be sorted out（挑选、选 择）. Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self（本性、本我）is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one（指代 plant 植物）as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf（水浪）blowing up in fountains（喷泉）, but the moment（ 指 the lonely moment） comes when the worlds falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious（潜意识）, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood. 【参考答案】只有我在非常疲劳的时候，在我不断工作了很长时间以后，在我倍感空虚， 需要充实时候，我才会感到寂寞。而有时候在我结束巡回演讲回家的时候，在讲了很多话 后，而且有太多经历需要整理时，我也会感到寂寞。于是，有那么一会儿，我感到房子又 大又空，我都不知道我的自我又到哪里去了。这时，我必须给植物浇水，并挨个瞅瞅，仿 佛他们是有生命的精灵一般，这样我才能慢慢找到我的那个自我。很长一段时间，我看着 水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出。但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消失，当我再次从我内心深处的无意 识中冒出来时，带给我最近的种种经历，让我探究，让我慢慢领会时，我才会感到寂寞。 当我因为持续工作太久而感觉疲劳空虚，需要充实一下的时候，我会觉得孤独。有时，我 出差做讲座，见很多人，说很多话，回来后脑子里很多东西需要理一理，这时我也会觉得 孤独。 2005 年：It is simple enough to say that since books have classes-fiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred（模糊的，不明确的）and divided minds（分心）, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish(消除) all such preconceptions（偏见、成见） when we read, that would be an admirable（绝妙的、 极好的） beginning. Do not dictate（口述、发号施令） to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice（同谋、合作者）. If you hang back（迟疑、犹豫不 决）, and reserve（保留、储备）and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible（觉察不到的）fineness（优良、 出色）, from the twist and turn of the first sentences（换行的句子）, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep（沉浸、潜心、专心）yourself in this, acquaint（使熟知）yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. 【参考译文】 然而很少有人愿意接受书上的告诉我们的东西。我们通常是带着一种不明确 的不专一的目的去读书，我们要求小说是真实的，诗歌应该是虚构的，传记应该是奉承人 的，历史则应该是能加深我们自己的偏见的。如果我们读书的时候能够屏弃这些成见，那 将会是一个绝妙的开端。不要试图对作者发号施令，而是要设身处地把作者的思路，把自 己当作作者的合作伙伴。假如你开始就犹豫不决，不愿接受作者观点，甚至对作者观点评 头论足，你就是给自己设置障碍，使自己不可能最大限度地利用书本。然而，如果你尽量 敞开心扉，那么文章开头就能给你一些暗示，由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于 你面前。 2006 年：I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. We have before us an ordeal ofthe most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, it is victory. Victory at all costsvictory in spiteof all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. Let that be realized, no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that British Empire has stood for , no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall more forward toward his goal. I take up my task in buoyancy and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our unitedstrength.我能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、泪水和汗水。我们所面临的将是一场极为残 酷的考验，我们面临的将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。你若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用 一个词来概括，那就是胜利。不惜一切代价去夺取胜利，不畏惧一切恐怖去夺取胜利，不 论前路再长再苦也要多去胜利，因为没有胜利纠无法生存！我们必须意识到，没有胜利就 没有大英帝国，没有胜利就没有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就没有多少世纪以来强 烈的要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。此刻，我的精神振奋，满怀信心地承当起 自己的人物。我确信，只要我们大家联合，我们的事业就不会挫败。此时此刻千钧一发之 际，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要呼吁：“来吧，让我们群策努力，并肩迈进！” 2007: Good bye and good luck Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life. At the same time, today, the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet. Globalization is making the world smaller, faster and richer. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller, fatster world is not necessarily a safer world. Our world is bursting with knowledge - but desperately in need of wisdom. Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs. For all these reasons I believed - and I believe even more strongly today - in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities. 科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时， 今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命，也危害到该星球的 寿命。 全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流感及伊 朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。 我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在（新闻采访的）原 声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世 界还是需要能够深思的大学生。 考虑到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。 2008 年： But ,as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married ,the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical . instead of hacing shared their original duties,and as schol boys would say, going halves,they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled.this led to some distressing moments for both our friends;they understood suddenlu that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth ,and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before,they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a n ew household,and must fulfill in some way or another the obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement;they had been longing to have each other to themselves,apart from the world,but it seemed that they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society. 本文选自朱厄特的文章新生活The New Life by Sarah Jewett 但是正如其他许多已经 发生过的事情一样，当他们最终结婚后，发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了。他们非但 没有分担各自原先的责任-正如那些学生们所说 “一半一半 “，相反却发现生活的重担加倍 了。这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧；他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的 生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上，而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶。生活并没有比 以前更自由、更幸福，因为他们要去承担新的责任。既然成立了一个新的家庭，那就无论 如何也要尽一点家庭的义务。他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光，曾经如此地渴望拥有彼 此而忘掉这个世界，然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。 2009 英译汉 We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst though not all of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly. However, despite a growing number of honorable exceptions, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all powerful to be impotent.“ So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with th