2015年高考英语考试大纲_核心词汇

2015 完形高分策略 （ Skills of Cloze Tests） （课时 15） 一、高考完形填空命题趋势 选材特点: 以记叙文为主, 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主 命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词 动词(5-8 个)为主 (2) 考点层次分三部: 里边层次：(语篇层次 30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路 句子层次：(占 70%左右) 单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做 ,分数较少) (3)考查重点: 短文第一句不设问. 高考完形填空题型特点 1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整; 3. 首句完整, 主题明确; 4. 结构清晰, 层次分明; 5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析; 6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅; 7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇; 8. 常识语法, 每年出现。 完型填空 之能力训练目标： 1.词语辨析能力 2.语法结构分析能力 3.语篇理解能力 4.逻辑推理能力 5.文化背景透析能力 6.作者意图剖析能力 8.生活常识综合运用能力 二、考生易失分之处： 1、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。 2、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。 3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。 做题三忌： 急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空 白与选项之间，欲速则不达。 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。 三、做题三步法方法： 2 四、巧解完形填空高分技巧 1、研究首尾找主题 2、上下联系寻信息 3、左顾右盼找搭配 4、思前想后觅逻辑 5、语境分析辨词义 6、集中精力破难题 7、回读检查补漏洞 1、提高阅读能力（速度、理解） 2、打好语法基础 （固定搭配） 3、扩充词汇量（动词、名词） 4、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好 5、多做多练，以提高实战能力 How to get high scores？ 1. 正确的答题步骤 2. 必要的答题技巧 3. 适量的实践训练 九大方法巧解完形 一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14 he said, 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 3 页 共 20 页 3 “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful 二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题 Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise Practice： His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker 三、利用语篇标志解题 （三找） 常见的标志性的词语有以下几种：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系： besides, whats more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand 等。 She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important 1、找逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进） 2、找 NOT 题（在原文中找 not） 句式结构：前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，则选对立关系的词。 考点：（以下条件缺一不可） 考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系，空前后必须是独立的句子； 出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头，不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间； 选项中必须要有对立关系的词。 4 3、找 AND 题（在原文中找 and） 考点： and 前后选同义词，词性一致； and 前后选同一范围词； and 前后句子对应成分相同； 在文章中，并列关系词前后如果出题，利用已知关系解题。 3、找同现复现原则 Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给） Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. 22. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _2_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both. Having similar friends has many advantages. 2. A. true B. right C. same D. similar 四、根据逻辑推理解题 and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择 The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 六、从语法角度来解题 I went into a caf and asked for a coffee . 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 5 页 共 20 页 5 ABefore BSince CAlthough DWhile Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? 23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared 解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句 had kept 是 过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。 七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题 1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all 八、从词语辨析的角度来解题 When, two weeks later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9(enjoy) this country as the son of a minister. A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to 九、同义近义复现来解题 I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can _7_ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a _8_ of friends keep you lively. Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life. 7. A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn 8. A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety 完型填空实战四招： 抓首抓住首句,预测全文。 完形填空所选短文多没有标题,但一般首句是一个不设空(或较简单) 的完整的句子,往往用以点明短文 的体裁,如议论、说明或叙述等。因此,我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态、语态及表述方式为立足点 来进行逻辑思维,判断文章体裁,找出文章中心。 6 捕眼捕捉题眼,寻找契机 所谓“题眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境。 捕捉题眼,就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接 词及动词、形容词、副词、同位语等,还有那些明确具体的事实(如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序), 以及它们之间的关系等。 跳身避难就易,节省时间 在解题过程中,我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则,遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题 速度,我们可以暂时跳过难点,去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判 断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示,或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。 一般说来,固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断。 扫尾复读全文,解决残敌 到了这时,借助已经补全的空白,我们应该对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问 题,如采用排除法逐步缩小包围圈等方法。对于实在无从下手的个别题目,我们则完全可以凭语感来确定： 把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍,哪个念起来顺口、舒服就选哪个。注意：凭语感选定的答案不要 轻易改动,因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。 在各空都已填出后,再复读全文。我们必须重视这最后的弥补疏漏,改正错误的扫尾机会,以争取最好 成绩。 真题实战演练 （2011全国新课标卷）完形填空（ 共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分 ） In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory_36_（同义复现）course about 20 years ago.（记叙文，回忆、人物、时间、事件 education） The professor _37_the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to _38_（同义复现） how many beans the jar contained. After _39_shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the _40_ answer,（与前面 wrong 相对应）and went on saying, ”You have just _41_an important lesson about science. That is: Never_42_ your own senses.” 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 7 页 共 20 页 7 Twenty years later, the _43_（上文提到的人物）could guess what the professor had in mind. He _44_himself, perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting _45_(概括的是答 案)into an unknown world invisible（无形的） to the 46 ,which can be discovered only through scientific 47 .But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or 顺接关系） even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 .The professor, however, 与小女孩的观点相反的 said that it was 52（与 51 相对）.he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and 54 ,”（找 and）the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I havent gone near science since.”（找否定词） 36A. art B. history C. science D. math 37A. searched fo B. looked at C. got through D. marched into 38A. count B. guess C. report D. watch 39A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to 40A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 41A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken 42A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show 43A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman 44A. described B. respected C. saw D. served 45A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush 46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light 47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods 48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse 8 49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting 50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained 51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth 52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable 53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection 54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave 55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed 【要点综述】本文是记叙文。二十年前，在第一节理科实验课上，一位教授做了一个实验，这个实验告 诉学生们，不要相信自己的判断。正是这个实验让一位妇女以后远离了理科。 36. C 联系下文 an important lesson about science 我们知道，这是一节理科实验课。 37. D 从空后的 placed upon his desk a large jar filled with我们可以知道，老师走进了教室。 38. B 联系空后的 how many beans the jar contained 我们可以知道，教授让学生们猜一下，这个坛子能装多 少豆子。 39. D 联系空后的 shouts of wildly wrong guesses 我们知道，学生们喊出了各种错误的推测，教授听了他们 喊出的答案。 40. C 联系空前的 announced 和空后的 answer 我们知道，教授向学生们公布了正确答案。 41. A 联系空后的 an important lesson about science 我们知道，教授认为他们学到了一堂非常重要的理科课 程。 42. B 学生们的推测都是错误的，因此教授说， “不要相信你们的意识。 ” 43. D 联系下文 But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept我们知道，这个妇女能够推测教授心里是 怎么想的。 44. C 前文有提示：The professor 37 (marched into) the lecture hall，由此我们可以得出答案。 45. A 联系空后的 into the unknown world 我们知道，教授的目的是带学生们进行一次激动人心的知识旅行。 46. B 联系后文 which can be discovered only through scientific 47 (method)我们知道，这个世界是眼睛看不 到的，只有通过科学方法才可以看到。 47. D 联系前文的 invisible to the eye 我们知道，这个世界只有通过科学的方法才可以看到。 48. A 联系空前的 could not accept 我们知道，她不能接受，甚至听到这个邀请。or 在这里表达前后为顺接 关系，因此其他选项可以排除。 49. B 联系前文的 the seventeen-year-old girl 我们可以推断，这个小女孩年龄很小，只是刚刚开始认识这个 世界。 50. A 空后的 her firsthand experience could be the 51 (truth)是她的认识，因此我们选 believed。 51. D 联系前文我们知道，教授想告诉学生的是第一手经验并不一定是事情的真相，我们要通过科学实验 来验证真相，但是小女孩的想法与之相反。 52. C 联系前文我们可以知道，教授认为小女孩认识世界的方式是错误的。 53. B 显然空前提到的 her first-hand experience 就是她认识世界的工具。 54. C 联系下文的 havent gone near science since 我们知道，她对理科产生了恐惧。 55. A 联系空后的 havent gone near science since 我们知道，那天下午她就放弃了理科。D 有一定干扰性， miss 意思是“错过” ，因此可以排除。 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 9 页 共 20 页 9 高考英语完型填空实战演练二 （ 共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分 ） Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream. Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run. Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always 24 to express your feelings freely. Does this mean that its smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health. Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, dont just 29 . Its like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 youd smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. Theyd be rotten. You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they dont exist, but theyll still be 34 . And at last youll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas. 16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember 17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide 18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently 19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill 20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet 10 21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however 22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up 23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared 24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise 25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent 26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let 27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different 28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful 29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out 30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away 31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see 32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though 33. A. pretend B. expect C. decide D. assume 34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond 35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream. Although the cat doesnt 16 this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember 解题思路： 题眼法代入法 捕捉题眼，寻找契机：所谓“题眼” 就是解题线索，就是那些原句中出现的、对解题起重 要暗示作用的关键词。找准关键词语,有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语，如果能 迅速找准这些词语，再结合各选项的意义和特点，就能很快选出正确答案。 17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide 解题思路：没有同义复现或固定搭配，考虑概括的是解。 并列结构法: 根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如:and/also/or 或逗号“， ”等，它 们的提点是 and 前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 11 页 共 20 页 11 18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run. 18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently 解题思路： 前后呼应法代入法 前后呼应法：做完形填空要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境” 判断做题，即大语境 全文中心和基调；小语境空格前后所构成的语意环境；再根据前有伏笔，后有呼应的思 路做题。 句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为 “语篇标志”。 如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有： firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 等； 表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有： thus, therefore, so 等； 表示改变话题的语篇标志语有： by the way 等； 表示递进关系的语篇标志语有： besides, whats more, further 等； 表示时间关系的语篇标志语有： before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later 等。 19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill 解题思路：摆脱思维定势，排除“陷阱” chemical， 后提示句 Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense.都是 physical。 20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet 解题思路：与前面句子 It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 同义复现。 同义复现： 是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词，文 中前后两处会使用一组同义词或同义词组。由于在完形填空题中，这两个同义词的位置多半 比较靠近，很容易找到。无须过多推理，只须确定相同的是哪个意思，然后找出选项中与之 相符的一项即可。 Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were 12 lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isnt always 24 to express your feelings freely. 21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however 解题思路： 转折特点： but 转折法：文中一出现“but” “Although” “though” “however,” “while”等词，应该马上 想到前后语意有转折。只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以反向推出另一方的意思，从而解题。 完形填空题中，but 一词后多半会设题。所以，大家在考试时，只要看到 but 就做一个标记， 遇到类似 but 这样表转折的词也同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。 22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up 解题思路：and 并列结构法,give way to 的同义词 let 。 。take 23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared 解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句 had kept 是 过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。 24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise 解题思路： 后暗示法 ，smarter 的近义词是 。 利用暗示和对应解题：虽然重点是对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查，但对文 章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填 空最关键的思维方式。 Does this mean that its smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health. 25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent 解题思路：同义复现法 26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let 解题思路：利用语法分析解题，动词 可以带宾补 hidden away or bottled up inside。 27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different 解题思路：跨段落篇章复现 tense 查找文章多处反复复现概念的已知词：复现可以是相同的词在文章的不同地方重复出现。 讲义资料 成功在于执着 第 13 页 共 20 页 13 复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要 从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。 28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful 解题思路： 利用关联成分 ，将 illnesses 设置成已知，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的 词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。 illnesses 会对 health ？ Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, dont just 29 . Its like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 youd smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. Theyd be rotten. 29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out 解题思路： 看清上下文 ，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提 示作用的词或句，go ? 看看文章中动词都与哪些副词或介词搭配成动词短语？ It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . 30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away 解题思路： 利用语法分析解题 ，but 30 youd smell them. 句中的d=would 是过去 将来时.in no time=by and by=in a flash=before long=soon 是将来时的时间状语，表示“很快” ； 而 right away=right now=quickly=at once=immediately 则不受限制！ 31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see 解题思路：利用语法分析解题，youd 31 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. （A. meet ，B. observe， C. catch ，D. see ）little fruit flies hovering (盘旋)。 You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they dont exist, but theyll still be 34 . And at last youll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas. 32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though 解题思路：利用语法分析解题，You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard.是虚拟句。 14 33. A. pretend B. expect C. decide D. assume 解题思路：抉择于 A. pretend 和 D. assume 之间， exist？ 绝对相近法：它是从选项着手分析的，若四个选项中有两个选项绝对矛盾、相近和对立， 那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生，二者必居其一，至于究竟是两者中的哪一个， 则需进一步根据上下文的语境判断。注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词 的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond 解题思路： exist =be there, there= in? around? Over? beyond? 35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out 解题思路：容易错选 C.throw away，概括的是解。 1620 CCCBB 2125 DCADC 2630ABBAC 3135 DAABB 高考英语完型填空实战演练二（ 共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分