gct综合英语第1单元课文翻译

仅做参考 好好学习，天天向上 Unit 1 Straddling Cultural Divides With Grace 优雅的跨越文化差异 1 Why is it that you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreign edges exposed? Every Chinese- language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from the awful books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and groping frantically for words that would smooth over the visitors leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to came again. In my fluster, I often hid behind the skirts of my Chinese husbands graciousness. 为什么在你学习一门外语的时候，你从来没有学习一些能够要你不露外国痕迹的融入一种 文化。没有本中文课本都以问候的标准短语开头；但是作为一个美国人，我常常发现在我 送别客人时，我的舌头被捆住了。一句唐突的再见通常不起作用，那些话语是我在那糟糕 的课本中没有学到的。因此我微笑、点头、像日本人一样鞠躬，快速的寻找能够平缓使客 人离开同时让他们感觉到他们下次是受欢迎的词语。在慌乱中，我经常躲在我丈夫的娴熟 表达的技巧后面。 2 Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed. 最后，我通过听他人说，开始能够运用一些短语缓和关系，同时不但完成送他人离开同时 超额完成任务。 3 Partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although, Im not expected to observe or even know all the rulers, as a foreigner, Ive had to learn the expression of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking. 中国的道别包括大量的礼仪以及大量的繁文缛节。作为一外国人，我不被期望遵照或者知 道所有的礼仪；但是我还是要学习一些礼貌的表达以及告别时的伴随。 4 The Chinese fee l they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible pointdown flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop, Ive sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeing a guest off, since hes gone to the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive. 中国人认为必须把客人送到尽量远的的地方送下几个楼层直到地面，或者可能到最近 的公交车站。有时候从我的丈夫送客人到他回来，我要等半个小时或者更长的时间，因为 他送到车站又等到车离开才回来。 5 For a less important or perhaps a youngest guest, he may say, “I wont see you off , all right?”And of course the guest assures him that he would never think of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off.”Dont see me off! Dont see me off!” 对于一个不重要的或者年轻的客人，他可能会说：“我不送你了，好吗？”当然客人会确 信他不想麻烦他送他“不用送，不用送。 ” 6 Thats all very well, but when Im the guest being seen off, invariably my protests are to no avail, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Dont bother to see me off” ritual every my landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable. 送客道别已经很好了，但是当我是客人的时候，我的拒绝通常不起作用，女主人或男主人 或者他们两个坚持送我下楼，踏上回家的路，尽管没下一层楼梯我都说“不用麻烦送我了” 。 如果我通过加快速度阻止他们跟上我，他们会不舒服的快速跟上我。所以最好接受送别。 7 Besides, thats going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone?“Go slowly.”Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.”To the Chinese it means “take care” or “Watch your step” or some such caution, but translated literally it means“Go slow.” 因为匆忙是要避免的，那是与中国的习惯不符的。当你送客是你会说什么？“慢走” 。不是 再见或者快点到家，而是“慢走” 。对于中国人来说意思是”小心“或者谨慎，但是照字面 意思是“慢慢走” 。 8 That same “slow” is used in another polite expression used by the host at the end of a particularly bountiful and delicious meal to assure his guest what a poor and inadequate host he has been. 同样的“慢“被主人用于另外一个礼貌表达中，即在一个特别丰盛美味的用餐后主人对客 人说没有适合的充分的准备。 9 American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her culinary skills, is likely to say, “oh, Im glad you liked it.I cooked it especially for you.”Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking),who will instead apologize profusely for giving you“nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes. 美国和中国的文化处于两个极端。当一个美国的女主人受到客人的赞扬他的厨艺时，他会 说”很高兴你喜欢，我是专门为你做的“。不像中国的主人，他们会觉得很抱歉，因为没 有什么可食用，以及因为没有提供合适的用餐以致没有照顾好你。 10 The same rules hold true with regard to children .American parents speak proudly of their childrens accomplishment ,telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll .Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so“naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elder ,and so forth. 同样的规则适用于孩子。美国的父母以孩子的成就为骄傲，比如：Johnny 参加了校队或者 Jane 是中学生的优秀学生。中国父母却不是这样，即使他们的孩子在班级里名列前茅，也 常常被说成淘气、不学习、不听长辈的话等。 11 The Chinese take pride in “modesty”；the American in“straightforwardness” .That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts take a “no” to mean “no”, whether its the first, second, or three times. 中国人以谦虚为骄傲；美国人则以坦诚为荣。谦虚使中国人在美国的餐桌上挨饿，因为中 国人的礼貌是拒绝三次后接受，但是美国人以为“不”就是拒绝，不过第一次、第二次或 第三次。 12 Recently，a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to modify some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and definitely. My friend was incensed that the Chinese had not taken their word the first time. 最近，一个由美国大公司派到中国的代表团和我抱怨说：为什么中国人在想修改一些意见 的时候总是再三的问他们，但是实际上美国人每次都明确、清楚的说“不“。我的朋友因 为没有第一次相信他的话被激怒了。 13 I recognized the problem immediately and wonder why the Americans had not studied up on cultural differences before coming to china. It would have saved them a lot of perplexity and needless frustration in their negotiations. 我马上意识到问题，为什么美国人在来中国之前不研究一下文化的不同。那将解决他们很 多在洽谈中的困惑以及不必要的挫折。 14 Once you ve learned the signals and how to respond, life becomes infinitely easier. When guests come, I know I should immediately ask if theyd like a cup of tea. They will respond “Please dont bother ,”which is my signal to fetch tea. 一旦你学会了识别信号以及怎样反应，生活就变得非常的容易。当客人来的时候，我知道 我问他们是不是要一杯茶。他们回复：不用麻烦了，意思是我应该去端茶。 Passage one An Asian engineer is assigned to U.S. Laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown.A U.S. executive tells his staff hes going to treat them fairly,and creates dissension .A Japanese manager is promoted by his British president ,but within six months asks for a transfer. 一个亚洲的工程师被分派到美国的实验室，几乎遭遇到了神经的崩溃。一个美国的执行长 告诉他的员工他会公平的对待每一个人，但是却产生了意见的分歧。一个日本的经理被他 的美国总裁提升，但是他却在六个月内申请了调动。 Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees,but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 每一个现实中的例子都包括了那些被认为是领导的人，但是他们都不具备处理复杂的危险 的跨文化的管理能力 “Multinational companies have studied everything else,now theyre finally looking at culture,”says Clifford Clarke,founder and president of the California- based IRI International Inc,.one of a small but growing number of consulting firms that specialize in teaching business people from differing cultures how to communicate and work with each other. 加利福尼亚 IRI 公司的创始人以及总裁 CC 说：“以前跨国公司都在研究其他所有的事情， 现在他们终于着眼于文化， ”一小部分但是在增长的咨询公司专门教授商人怎样与不同文化 的人们交流以及一起工作。 “Never show the sole of your shoe to an Arab,never arrive on time for a party in Brazil,and in Japan,dont think yes”advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Browh Griggs,who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills.But simply learning the social”dos”and “donts”is not to the answer,according to the new culture specialists.The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns,they point out,can be disastrous. 美国的咨询家 LC 和 LBG 已经制造了一系列的电影和书籍帮助经理人提高他们的国际商业 能力。建议“绝不要将你的鞋底给阿拉伯人看，在巴西千万不要准时到达约会，在日本不 要认为 “是”表示赞同 ”。但是对于新的文化专家来说，简单的学习社交礼仪中的“可以” 和“不可以”不能作为答案。对于忽略不同的思考方式的罚金是惨重的。 For example,the American manager who promised to be fair thought he was telling his Japanese staff that their hard work would be rewarded,but when some workers received higher salary increases than others,they were complaints.”You told us youd he fair,and you lied to us ,”accused one salesman,”It took me a year and half”sighed the American,”to realize that fairto my staff,meant being treated equally”. 例如：一个承诺公平的美国的经理认为他的日本员工工作努力应该得到汇报，但是当有的 人的收入比其他的人高的时候，其他的人就会抱怨。一个销售人员抱怨：“你说过你要公 平的，但是你说谎。 ”美国人叹息说：“我花了一年的时间弄明白了对于员工公平的意思是 平等的对待每一个人。 ” The Asian engineer who suffered in America was the victim of another mistaken expectation.He was accustomed to the warm group environment so typical in Japan,said his U.S. manager.But in our company,were all expected to be self-starters,who thrive on working alone.For him,it was emotional starvation.Hes made the adjustment now,but hed be humiliated if I told you his name.Thats another cultural difference. 一个亚洲的工程师在美国的遭遇是另一个错误期待的牺牲品。他的美国经理说，他习惯于 日本典型的热情的团队环境。但是在我们公司，我们都是个人的明星，渴望单独工作。对 于他来说心情不是很好。现在他已经调整过来了，但是如果我说出他的名字对他来说是一 种屈辱，这是另一种文化差异。 The Japanese manger who failed to respond to his promotion couldnt bring himself to use the more direct language needed to communicate with his London- based superiors.”I used to think all this talk about cultural communication was a lot of baloney,”said Eugene J.Flath,president of Intel Japan Ltd,a subsidiary of the American semiconductor maker.”Now,I can see its a real problem.”Miscommunication has slowed our ability to coordinate action with our home office. 不能接受晋升的日本管理不能使自己利用更直接的语言与公司的高层进行沟通。因特尔日 本公司（美国半导体制造商子公司）的总裁说，我以前认为文化交流是胡说，现在我发现 真是一个问题。错误的交流将减慢我们与总部协调的能力。 Thats why Intel,with the help of consultant Clauke,began an intercultural training program this sping,which Flath expects will dramatically reduce decision-making time now lost in making sure the Americans and the Japanese understand each other. 这就是为什么因特尔在顾问 Clauke 的帮助下在春季进行不同文化培训项目的原因，Flath 认为这将减少丢失在确定美国与日本都理解的决策时间。 答案：ADBCD Passage Two Culture differences in business entertaining include issues such as whom one entertains and where,and how one entertains.In countries in which status is important,it is not advisable to invite people of different status to the same party.American will often invite people to their homes, whereas in some societies the home is considered too private, unworthy,or embarrassingly small to sever as an appropriate forum for business entertaining.In some countrise there is a “help yourself”approach to entertaining done in the home.This approach does not work well when entertaining people whose culture teaches them to wait to be asked three tims before accepting an offer of food.In one instance,a Chinese guest went an entire evening without eating though he was quite hungry because he was too embarrassed to take food after only being asked to do so once.In another case,an American woman executive was being entertained at tea in London. After having the tea served,the American woman h