专八人文知识2

_1_Which of the following philosophers ever said “I think, therefore I am”? A Francis Bacon B Deseartes C Pierre Gassendi D John Locke _2_American Presidents are elected _. A every two years B every four years C every five years D every six years _3_Which branch of American government has the power to interpret the Constitution? A The Supreme Court B The President C The House D The Senate _4_The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in_. A 1778 B 1783 C 1774 D 1787 _5_ Which country was the richest and the most powerful country in the Europe in the middle of the 17th century? A Flander B England C France D the Netherlands _6_ Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. Constitution? A John Locke B Montesquieau C Rousseau D Voltaire _7_The “basies” taught in American elementary schools are _. A social studies, reading, arithmetic B science, reading, writing, arithmetic C reading, writing, arithmetic D physical education, reading, writing _8_ The Gettysburg victory was the turning point of _. A the Civil War B the war of Independence C the Indian War D the Trenton War _9_ The functions of institutions of highest education in the U.S. are_. A research and teaching B teaching and degree awarding C professional training, teaching and public service D teaching, research and pubic service _10_ The largest religious group in America is _. A Roman Catholics B Protestants C Orthodox D Presbyterians 参考答案： 1. 选 B。 Descartes（迪卡尔，1596-1650 ） ，法国哲学家，自然科学家，解析几何学的奠 基人，提出“I think, therefore I am”“我思故我在”的名言。 2. 选 B。美国总统大选每 4 年进行一词。美国法律规定每逢以 4 能除尽的年份 11 月的第一个 星期一后的星期二举行大选，选举总统和副总统，任期 4 年。每逢逢双的年份选举众议员，任期 2 年；并改选 1/3 的参议员，任期 6 年。 3. 选 A。 The Supreme Court（联邦最高法院） ，全称为 The United States Supreme Court,该法院由 9 人构成：一名首席法官 (Chief Justice)，八名为陪审法官(Associate Justice), 这些法官是由总统提名经参议院批准通过。联邦最高法院对美国所有涉及宪法、法律和条约的案件 拥有终审权，也是唯一有权解释宪法的机构。 4. 选 D。The American Constitution （美国宪法）是世界上最古老的成文宪法，主要起草 者为詹姆斯;麦迪逊， 1787 年 9 月 17 日由联邦制宪会议 u 通过。在获得 13 个州的 9 个州批准后 正式生效。最初的宪法由导言和 7 个条款构成没，后来陆续补充修正案，根据宪法，美国是一个实 习“ 三权分立”（separation of powers）的总体制民主党共和国。所谓 “三权” 即立法权、行政权和 司法权。立法权属于国会，行政权属于总统，司法权属于最高法院。 5. 选 C。17 世纪中叶，法国是欧洲最富有和最有实力的国家。法国的建筑业尤为发达。 6. 选 B。 Montesquien（孟德斯鸠，1689-1755 ）法国启蒙思想家、法学家、哲学家、法 对神权思想和封建专制，提出立法权、行政权和司法权“三权”分立学说，此理论是美国“三权分立” 制度的重要理论来源。主要著作有 The Spirit of the Laws论法的精神和 Persian Letters波斯人信札 。 7. 选 C。 美国各小学的课程主要是 “基础教育”，这些基础课抓哟包括：阅读，写作和算术。 8. 选 A。 The battle of Gettsburg 葛地斯堡战役，于 1863 年 7 月 1 日发生在宾夕法尼亚 洲的 Gettsburg，是南北战争中最重要、最激烈的战役之一，也是 The Civil War（南北战争）中 的转折点。此次战役的四个月，林肯总统在葛地斯堡发表了著名的 the Gettysburg Address“葛地 堡演说”。 9. 选 D。美国的高等教育开始于 1636 年哈佛大学的建立，其高等教育的三大任务：教学、科 研和公众服务。 10. 选 B。 在美国最大的宗教团体是 Protestants（新教徒） 。美国宗教信徒中大多数为基督 教 Christian，而基督教中新教徒的人数又超过天主教徒 Catholics 和东主教徒 Orthodox。新教 主持对天主教实行改革的基督派别，强调信徒与上帝直接相通，奉圣经为最高权威。而 Presbyterians 则是基督教教会行政制度之一。 _1_ _is a fork legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people. A Beowulf B sir Gawain C the Canterbury tale D king Arthur and his knights _2_ The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of _. A Romeo and Juliet B the faerie queen C Tamburlainc D the Canterbury tales _3_The group of Shakespeare plays known as “romance”or “reconciliation plays” is _. A merchant of Venice, as you like it B the tempest, pericles, the winters tale C Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra _4_Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeares four great tragedies? A Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King Lear B Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, Macbeth C hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth D Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens _5_ Which of the following is not the work of Francis bacon? A advancement of learning B new instrument C songs of innocence D essays _6_ At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson, _is the founder of metaphysical poetry. A Ben Johnson B john Milton C john Bunyan D john Donne _7_Daniel Defoe is a famous_. A poet B novelist C playwright D essayist _8_ “He has a servant called Friday.” “he”in the quoted sentence is a character in_. A Henry fieldings tom jones B john Bunyan the pilgrims progress C Richard brinsley Sheridans the school for scandal D Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe _9_Guiiliver travel was written by_. A Daniel Defoe B Charles dickens C Jonathan swift _10_ William Wordsworth is generally known as a _poet. A romantic B realistic C naturalistic D neo-classic 答案： 1 解答 A Beowulf 是 Anglo-Saxon 时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品，它被认为是英国的 民族史诗。sir Gawain and the green knight，king Arthur and his knights of the round table 是中古英语时期的浪漫传奇。the Canterbury tale 是英国大诗人乔叟的一部诗体短篇小说 集。 2 解答 D 乔叟被誉为英国诗歌之父，Troilus and Criseyde 是他的重要作品之一。 3 解答 D 1608-1612 被认为是莎翁的浪漫剧创作时期，包括四部浪漫剧和解剧 the tempest, pericles, the winters tale，Cymbeline 。 merchant of Venice, as you like it，twelfth night，the merry wives of Windsor 为莎翁的喜剧，Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra 为悲剧。 4 解答 C 莎翁最杰出的四大悲剧为 hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth。 5 解答 C songs of innocence 是英国 18 世纪末 19 世纪初浪漫主义诗人 William Blake 的 著作。 6 解答 D john Donne 是 17 世纪玄学派诗人的重要代表人物，Ben Johnson 是莎翁同时代 的剧作家，john Milton，john Bunyan 虽都是 17 世纪著名作家，但作品风格与玄学派大相径庭。 7 解答 B Daniel Defoe 创作的鲁宾逊漂流记为他赢得了英国小说之父的称号。 8 解答 D Daniel Defoe 创作的鲁宾逊漂流记中的主人公 Robinson Crusoe 有个同伴和仆人 叫 Friday。 9 解答 C Guiiliver travel 是 Jonathan swift 一部极具魅力的儿童故事，同时包含深刻的思 想内容。 10 解答 A William Wordsworth 为英国浪漫派诗人。 D Joseph Addison 2010 专八人文知识小练习（1 ） . _is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people. A Beowulf B sir Gawain C the Canterbury tale D king Arthur and his knights 2. The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of _. A Romeo and Juliet B the faerie queen C Tamburlainc D the Canterbury tales 练习题： 1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_. 2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _. 3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is_. 4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_. 5 _has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party. 6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by_. 7 In the United States, primary education requires_years. 8 Most college students in the United States are in_institutions. 9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_. 10 _(which state )is not governed by the common law. 练习题答案及题解: 1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸 平原。 3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4 .African Americans， 2000 年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000 年以后，拉 丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5 .America， 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6. World War II， 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7. Six years， 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8. Public， 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 3. The group of Shakespeare plays known as “romance“or “reconciliation plays“ is _. A merchant of Venice, as you like it B the tempest, pericles, the winters tale C Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra D.the tempest, pericles, the winters tale,Cymbeline 4. Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeares four great tragedies? A Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King Lear B Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, Macbeth C hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth D Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens 5. Which of the following is not the work of Francis bacon? A advancement of learning B new instrument C songs of innocence D essays 6. At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson, _is the founder of metaphysical poetry. A Ben Johnson B john Milton C john Bunyan D john Donne 7. Daniel Defoe is a famous_. A poet B novelist C playwright D essayist 8. “He has a servant called Friday.“ “he“in the quoted sentence is a character in_. A Henry fieldings tom jones B john Bunyan the pilgrims progress C Richard brinsley Sheridans the school for scandal D Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe 9. Guiiliver travel was written by_. A Daniel Defoe B Charles dickens C Jonathan swift D Joseph Addison 10. William Wordsworth is generally known as a _poet. A romantic B realistic C naturalistic D neo-classic 答案详解: 1. A Beowulf 是 Anglo-Saxon 时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品 ,它被认为是英国的民族史诗.sir Gawain and the green knight,king Arthur and his knights of the round table 是中古英语 时期的浪漫传奇.the Canterbury tale 是英国大诗人乔叟的一部诗体短篇小说集 . 2. D 乔叟被誉为英国诗歌之父,Troilus and Criseyde 是他的重要作品之一. 3. D 1608-1612 被认为是莎翁的浪漫剧创作时期,包括四部浪漫剧和解剧 the tempest, pericles, the winters tale,Cymbeline . merchant of Venice, as you like it,twelfth night,the merry wives of Windsor 为莎翁的喜剧 ,Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra 为悲剧. 4. C 莎翁最杰出的四大悲剧为 hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. 5. C songs of innocence 是英国 18 世纪末 19 世纪初浪漫主义诗人 William Blake 的著作. 6. D john Donne 是 17 世纪玄学派诗人的重要代表人物 ,Ben Johnson 是莎翁同时代的剧作家,john Milton,john Bunyan 虽都是 17 世纪著名作家, 但作品风格与玄学派大相径庭 . 7. B Daniel Defoe 创作的鲁宾逊漂流记为他赢得了英国小说之父的称号. 8. D Daniel Defoe 创作的鲁宾逊漂流记中的主人公 Robinson Crusoe 有个同伴和仆人叫 Friday. 9. C Guiiliver travel 是 Jonathan swift 一部极具魅力的儿童故事 ,同时包含深刻的思想内容. 10. A William Wordsworth 为英国浪漫派诗人 练习题： 1 Of the fifty states of America, _states now have the death penalty as punishment. 2 The four major regions of the United Sates are_. 3 _ regions culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 4 _is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 5 Hollywoodis often used as a synonym for_ 6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_. 7 The north-eastern part of the United States New England enjoys a _climate. 8 To the west of mainland American lies the _ Ocean. 9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_. 10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_. 练习题答案及题解: 1 38, 美国现有 38 个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。 2 Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。 3 The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区， 也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。 4 California ，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。 5 American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。 6 the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国 人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。 7 typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。 8 Pacific Ocean， 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。 9 automobile industry， 底特律是美国著名的汽车城。 10 Indians ， 美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。 练习题： 1 _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A Washington D.C B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City 2 _ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans 3 Washington D.C. is named after_. A the U.S. President George Washington B Christopher Columbus C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D none of them 4 American and British English are two_ of the English language. A varieties B elements C parts D form 5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_. A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln 6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_. A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana 7 The national flag of the United States is known as_. A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D Union Jack 8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _. A contribution a state has made to the nation B population C size D none of the above 9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _. A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884. A France B Spain C Italy D Britain 练习题答案及题解: 1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。 2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。 3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比 亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂哥伦布。 4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。 5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕 林肯。 6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。 7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。 8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。 9 B, 美国的“ 众河之父” 指的是密西西比河。 10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。 练习题： 1. Ernest Hemingway is _. A. Englishman B. American C.Dutch D. Denmark 2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _ president. A. 35th B. 34th C. 33rd D. 32nd 3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _ to serve the “ Muslim sex”. A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New York 4. The capital of Massachusetts is _. A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta 5 ._ is the dividing line between the South and North. A .The Hudson River B. The Potomac River C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River 6 ._ is Washingtons largest city. A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle 7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _River banks. A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri 8. When did the American Civil War break out? A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 1863 9 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock 10. In which day is Halloween celebrated? A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 December 练习题答案及题解: 1. B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。 2 .A,肯尼迪是美国的第 35 任总统。 3. C,美国的第一所女子学院开设于马萨诸塞州。 4 .B,麻省的首府是波士顿。 5. D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。 6 .D,华盛顿州的最大城市是西雅图。 7. C,华盛顿特区位于波托马克河上。 8. C,美国内战爆发于 1861 年，结束于 1865 年。 9 .B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯杰弗逊。 10 .B,万圣节前夕是 10 月的最后一天即 10 月 31 号。 英国概况 练习题： 1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _. A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade. B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport. C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected. D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. 2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power. A queen B monarch C prime minister D king 3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party 4 On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began. A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence C Civil Law D Bill of Rights 5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _. A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896 6 The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain. A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India 7 During World War II, as a war leader, _ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945. A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill 8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _. A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia 9 In Britain, a _ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns. A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election 10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _. A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King 练习题答案及题解: 1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从 17 世纪以后逐步 开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。 2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。 3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大 公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。 4 D, 权利法案的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力 并受制于议会的时代。 5 A, 直到 1918 年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。 6 B, 1867 年英国北美法案将加拿大纳为它的自治领。 7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带 领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。 8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从 1892 年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982 年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷， 并重新占领了这些岛屿。 9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。 10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。 英国概况 练习题： 1 How many members are there in the House of Commons? A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651 2 Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major 3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition. A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A political B educational C military D economic 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding 9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe 10 _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Charti