专八人文知识习题microsoft word 文档

一 美国概况 1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River.（密西西比河也是美国最长最为重要的 河流，被美国人“众河之父 ”Father of Waters） 2. Non-Hispanic white is the largest racial group in the whole population of U.S. A. 3. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000 年前美国黑人是美国人数最多的少数民族， 2000 年后 Hispanics/Latinos 也就是拉丁裔的美国人成为美国人数最 多的少数民族。 4. America has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party. 5. As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U. S. Constitution? A. He is the head of the state B. He is the chief executive of the U. S. C. He is the commander in chief of the armed forces D. He is the head of his political party 6. The economic problems caused by the depression in 1929 were eventually solved by the New Deal. （proposed by F. D. Roosevelt） 7. The New England regions cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 8. California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 9. Which of the following is NOT Americas newspaper? A. Wall Street Journal B. USA today C. Guardian （英国 卫报 ） D. The Milwaukee Journal 10. ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, MTV, HBO 等都是美国主要的 新闻与有线电视网络（News and Cable Networks） 11. To the west of mainland America lies the Pacific Ocean. 美国大 陆东部则是大西洋。 12. Detroit, a U. S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its automobile industry. 13. New York City is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. 14. Washington D. C. is named after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus. 15. The U. S. Congress has the power to make these laws except of _. A. defense B. citizenship and naturalization C. marriage D. the regulation of foreign trade 16. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was Abraham Lincoln. 17. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is Rhode Island. 18. The national flag of the United States is known as the Star- Spangled Banner. 19. The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the population. 20. The statue of liberty was given to American people by France as a gift in 1884. 21. Franklin D. Roosevelts presidential term is the longest. （12 years） 22. American Civil War broke out in 1861 and finished in 1865. 23. Thomas Jefferson prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence. 24. In 31 October Halloween is celebrated. 25. The US was rated fourth in the world in terms of land area. 26. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states equally. （two for each state） 27. Hollywood, the center of American movie industry, is closest to Los Angeles. 28. The first Puritans came to America on the ship May Flower. 英国概况 1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain? A. England B. Scotland C. Ireland D. Wales 2. Modern football game began in England. 3. In Britain education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16. 4. The longest river in Britain is the Severn River. 5. The general election in Britain is held every five years. 6. “God Save the Queen” is the national anthem of Britain. 7. In 1588 the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada and established the supremacy over the sea. 8. Big Ben is a famous clock in London. 9. In 1066 William the Conqueror led the Norman army in invading and defeating England. 10. The Times is the British oldest daily newspaper. 11. The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain. 12. Margaret Thatcher is the first female Prime Minister in the history of Great Britain. 13. The capital of Wales is Cardiff. 14. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labor party. 15. The new agency Reuters （路透社）was founded in London. 16. The Anglo-Saxons were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England. 17. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. 18. The British Parliament consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World D The Times 2 The river Thames is in _. A Wales B Scotland C England D Northern Ireland 3 The Industrial Revolution started in _. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Austrilia 4 Which of the following is true under Thatchers administration? A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased. B Public housing became more important. C Many public houses were sold to people. D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement. 5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _. A its one of the developed countries in the world B its a traditional sea power C it has an advanced industry D its able to produce submarines 6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain? A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times 7 Big Ben was named after _. A Christopher Wren B Benjamin Hall C Ben John D G. Stephenson 8 The Capital of Wales is _. A Swansea B Cardiff C Rhonda D Belfast 9 _ is Englands biggest naval base. A Portsmouth B Southampton C Plymouth D Dover 10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _. A the Liberal Party B the Democratic Party C the Labour Party D the Republican Party 答案及题解: 1 D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是 泰晤士报 。 2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。 3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。 4 C, 1979 年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内 容包括国有企业私有化，采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀，削弱工会的影响，加强市场 因素在经济中的作用，将公有住房卖给公众，强调法律和秩序。在一定程度上讲，她的计 划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过了一段最繁华的时期。 5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是密切相关的。 6 C, 观察家报创刊于 1791 年，是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。 7 B, 据说 Big Ben 得名于它在 1859 年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。 8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫。 9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。 10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。 1.Canada is the worlds _country in terms of land area. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 2 Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major 3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition. A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A political B educational C military D economic 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding 9The capital city of Canada is _ A Montreal B Toronto C Albert D Ottawa 10 _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution 答案及题解: 1.B 加拿大位于美国以北，是世界上仅次于俄国的第二大国家。 2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805 ） ，英国海军 统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大 败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。 3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领 导人担任各部部长职位。 4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。 5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁 （shadow cabinet） 。 6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。 7 C, 正如 20 世纪 40 年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20 世纪 80 年代被看作是私有化的 时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎 40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。 8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业 衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。 9 .D 加拿大首都是渥太华，位于安大略省东南部与魁北克省交界处，是加拿大的经济政治 中心，同时也是加拿大的文化中心。 10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。 1 _ is the key to Industrial Revolution. A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mining D Steam engine 2 _ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance 3 Modern football game began in _. A China B France C England D Germany 4 _ is the leader of the British government. A Prime Minister B Queen C President D Governor 5 The second largest city in England, _ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city. A Edinburgh B Belfast C Glasgow D Birmingham 6 _ introduced Christianity into Britain. A The Celts B The Romans C The Viking Danes D The French 7 The real power of the British government lies in _. A the House of Commons B the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister C the Prime Minister D the Queen 8 In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of _ to _. A 5, 14 B 6, 17 C 5, 16 D 6, 14 9 The longest river in Britain is _ , and the largest river in the USA is _. A the Seven River; the Missouri River B the Thames River; the Missouri River C the Severn River; the Mississippi D the Thames River; the Ohio River 10 The general election in Britain is held every _ years. A four B three C six D five 答案及题解: 1 B, 纺织业的改革是英国工业革命的主要成就之一。 2 C, 工业革命时期的主要文学流派是浪漫主义。 3 C, 现代的足球运动起源于英国。 其正宗的老家在英格兰，19 世纪兴起。 4 A, 英国的政体是君主立宪制。 国王（女王）是国家元首，但政府的首领为首相。 5 D, 英国的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格兰中部平原，是国际化大都市，也是英国的工业和 制造业中心。 6 B, 公元 43 年，罗马人占领英国，其后统治了 400 多年。基督徒就是在这一时期由罗马 人传入英国的。 7 B, 君主立宪制下，国王的作用更侧重于其象征意义，而实权为内阁所有，内阁由首相率 领。 8 C, 英国的教育体系中的义务教育阶段是 5-16 岁，这是每一位学生在学校学习的最低年限。 9 C, 英国最长的河是塞文河，全长 355 公里，美国最长的河是密西西比河， 长 4000 公里 左右。 10 D, 英国大选每 5 年举行一次。 1.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain? A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts 2.The Hundred Years War between Britain and France was fought _. A from 1327 to 1453 B from 1337 to 1453 C from 1347 to 1453 D from 1357 to 1453 3.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year _ A 1918 B 1920 C 1945 D 1949 4.The English Civil War is also called _ A the Puritan Revolution B the second Magna Carta C the Long Parliament D the Anglican War 5.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _ and the North Sea in the east, A east B south C west D north 6.The largest lake in Britain is _. A. Loch Lomond B the Lough Neagh C Windermere D Ullswater 7.Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? A In the Highlands B In the central Lowlands C In the Uplands D In the west of Scotland 8.The two important crops in Britain are _ A barley and corn B wheat and rice C barley and oats D wheat and barley 9 Which is the largest city in Scotland? A Cardiff B Edinburgh C Glasgow D Manchester 10 Which is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way? A Great Britain B The British Isles C The United Kingdom D England 答案 1.D 凯尔特在公元前 700 年到英国，罗马人在公元 1 到 5 世纪统治英国，5 世纪中期盎格 鲁撒克逊人侵占英国，因此凯尔特人是最早踏入英国的。 3.D 爱尔兰共和国在 1949 年独立。 4.A 英国内战于 1642 年到 1646 年间发生，国王查尔斯与议会发生争执，实际上是国王与 清教徒之间的矛盾引起的，结果议会胜利。 5.B 英国南面与法国隔着英吉利海峡。 6.B 英国最大的湖是内伊湖，最长的河流是塞文河。 7.B 苏格兰中低部适合人类生存，是苏格兰工业和人高度集中的地区。 8 D 小麦和大麦是英国最重要的庄稼。 9 C, 格拉斯格是苏格兰最大的城市和经济中心。 10 C, 提起英国，很多人会使用名字“Britain”， “England”或“British”， 但这往往会惹恼苏格 兰人，威尔士人以及北爱尔兰人。从政治角度来讲， “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英国正确的叫法。 “the British Isles” 则是地 理意义上的名字，包括 Great Britain，the whole of Ireland （ Northern and Southern） ，the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 这些岛屿。 1 _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City 2 The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the union Jack, is made up of _ crosses. A one B two C three D four 3 Washington D.C. is named after_. A the U.S. President George Washington B Christopher Columbus C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D none of them 4 _ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain. A Lough Neagh B Windermere C Lake District D Coniston Water 5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_. A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln 6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_. A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana 7 The national flag of the United States is known as_. A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D union Jack 8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _. A contribution a state has made to the nation B population C size D none of the above 9 The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _. A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884. A France B Spain C Italy D Britain 答案及题解: 1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。 2 C, 英国国旗为红白蓝三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”） ，是由三个十字组成。 3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治 华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥 伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂哥伦布。 4 C, 位于英格兰西北部和威尔士北部的湖区是英国著名的风景区之一，也是英国十九世纪 湖畔诗人聚居的地方。 5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕 林肯。 6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。 7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。 8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。 9 B, 美国的“众河之父 ”指的是密西西比河。 10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。 1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C William Penn D Benjamin Franklin 2 The New Deal was started by _. A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K. Kennedy C George Washington D Thomas Jefferson 3 The United States was rated _ in the world in terms of land areas. A second B third C fourth D fifth 4 Ernest Hemingway is _. A Englishman B American C Dutch D Denmarkncv 5 John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _ president. A 35th B 34th C 33rd D 32nd 6 _ is the dividing line between the South and North. A The Hudson River B The Potomac River C The Ohio River D The Missouri Riverncv 7 When did the American Civil War break out? A 1775 B 1812 C 1861 D 1863 8 Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? A John Adams B Thomas Jefferson C Benjamin Franklin D John Hancock 9 In which day is Halloween celebrated? A 5 November B 31 October C 17 March D 25 December 10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_. A according to their population B according to their size C according to their tax paid to federal government D equally 答案解析： 1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而 William Penn 是美国宾州 的创始人。 2 A, 新政是罗斯福为了应对美国经济大萧条而提出的。 3 C, 就面积而言， 美国是世界第四大国。 4 B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。 5 A,肯尼迪是美国的第 35 任总统。 6 D,美国南北的分界线是密苏里河，东西的分界线是密西西比河。 7 C,美国内战爆发于 1861 年，结束于 1865 年。 8 B,为美国起草独立宣言的是托马斯? 杰弗逊。 9 B,万圣节前夕是 10 月的最后一天即 10 月 31 号。 10 D, 美国每一个州在参议院中均有两位议员作为代表，与各州人口无关和众议院不同） 。 1 _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States. A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City 2 _ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans 3 Washington D.C. is named after_. A the U.S. President George Washington B Christopher Columbus C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus D none of them 4 American and British English are two_ of the English language. A varieties B elements C parts D form 5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_. A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln 6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_. A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana 7 The national flag of the United States is known as_. A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D union Jack 8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _. A contribution a state has made to the nation B population C size D none of the above 9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _. A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River 10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884. A France B Spain C Italy D Britain 答案及题解: 1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。 2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。 3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治 华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥 伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂哥伦布。 4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。 5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕 林肯。 6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。 7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。 8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。 9 B, 美国的“众河之父 ”指的是密西西比河。 10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。 1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_. 2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _. 3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is_. 4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_. 5 _has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party. 6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by_. 7 In the United States, primary education requires_years. 8 Most college students in the United States are in_institutions. 9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_. 10 _(which state )is not governed by the common law. 答案及题解: 1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及 其沿岸平原。 3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。 4 .African Americans， 2000 年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000 年 以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。 5 .America ， 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。 6. World War II， 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。 7. Six years ， 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。 8. Public， 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。 9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。 1. _is a fork legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people. A Beowulf B sir Gawain C the Canterbury tale D king Arthur and his knights 2. The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of _. A Romeo and Juliet B the faerie queen C Tamburlainc D the Canterbury tales 3. The group of Shakespeare plays known as “romance”or “reconciliation plays” is _. A