企业项目管理论文

Abstract With the fierce market competition, information plays more and more important role in enterprise production and business operation activities. The competition between enterprises seemingly is the competition between products, while its essence is the competition of science and technology information, the one who owns the advanced science and technology information and the advanced products will win in the market competition. Thus updated information is the strategy for the survival and development of an enterprise. Therefore, any enterprise who wants to win in the competition must give priority to effective management of projects. Project management is an effective decision-making tool that helps people fulfill the tasks at work with optimum efficiency. As the fastest growth branch of management discipline, project management has been widely used by enterprises nowadays, especially in project management, to transform project management in all aspects via instantaneous information. Based on investigation and analysis, I become aware that a lot of companies are using the project management platform, such as, ERP, EPM. They are used to improve the planning, organization, implementation and control methods on various human and resource utilization, which make great contribution to management practice. With the globalization of market and information, global economic organizations are trying to exploit the limited resources, which require the economic organizations to control the cost, time, quality while utilizing the resources during the whole process, with the goal- oriented value as the guide in the enterprise management activities. Doing this graduation design helps me understand the business logic of the enterprise project management and related technologies. Key words: B/S JSP Enterprise Project Management 2 摘 要 随着市场竞争的激烈,信息在企业生产经营活动中的地位日趋突出。企业之间 的竞争表现为产品之间的竞争, 其实质是科技信息之间的竞争。谁拥有先进的科技 信息, 谁就能拥有先进的产品, 谁就赢得市场竞争的主动权。所以信息更新就成为 企业生存和发展的战略问题, 因此，有效的对项目进行信息化管理在企业间的竞争 中具有举足轻重的作用。项目管理是人们用最优化的方法来完成工作的有效工具。 项目管理作为管理学科中成长最快的一个分支，已经被广泛地应用到企业管理之中， 特别是被应用于企业项目管理中，对企业管理进行即时的、全方面的项目管理改造。 经过调查、分析，有很多公司都在做与此相关的平台，例如：ERP、EPM 等平 台。它们都致力于改善对各种人力和资源利用的计划、组织、执行和控制的方法， 对管理实践做出重要的贡献。随着市场全球化、信息化的发展，全球经济组织对有 限资源的争夺越来越激烈，客观上要求经济组织对资源进行最大限度的利用，对资 源在成本、时间、质量三个方面进行全方面、全过程的控制，同时以目标导向的价 值观指导企业的经营管理活动。我做这个毕业设计，可以让我更好的了解企业项目 管理的业务逻辑及掌握相关的技术。 关键词：B/S JSP 企业项目管理 Contents 1 General Description1 2 Theories and Technologies.2 2.1 Theories 2 2.2 technologies 3 2.2.1 Brief Introduction of JSP 3 2.2.2 Brief Introduction of JavaBeans .3 2.2.3 Brief Introduction of Microsoft SQL Server 3 2.2.4 Brief Introduction of Apache Tomcat.4 2.2.5 Brief Introduction of MyEclipse.4 2.2.6 Brief Introduction of servlet .5 3 Procedures Design 6 3.1 System Structure Description.6 3.1.1 Administrator Login Submodule 6 3.1.2 Planning Management Submodule .6 3.1.3 Contract Management Submodule .6 3.1.4 Quality Management Submodule .6 3.1.5 Project Evaluation Management Submodule6 3.2 System Function Description 6 3.2.1 Login Function Description7 3.2.2 Administrator Information Maintenance Function Description .7 3.2.3 Planning Project Registration Function Description 7 3.2.4 Planning Project List Function Description8 3.2.5 Planning Project Inquiry Function Description 8 3.2.6 Contract Signing Function Description 8 3.2.7 Contract List Function Description 8 3.2.8 Contract Inquiry Function Description.9 3.2.9 Project Acceptance Function Description 9 3.2.10 Project Evaluation Management Function Description9 4 System Test and Application .10 4.1 Test Results.10 4.1.1 Testing Guidelines and Programs.10 4.1.2 Testing Stages.10 4.2 Code Review Stage.11 4.2.1 Unit Testing 11 4.2.2 Integration Testing11 4.2.3 Acceptance Testing.11 4.3 Some of the Testing Results 12 4.3.1 Database Connection Testing .12 4.3.2 Chinese Garbled Handling12 4.4Application 12 4.4.1 The Development of Overseas12 4.4.2 The Domestic Development .13 Acknowledgements 15 Works Cited these two web servers are not bundled together. Apache Tomcat includes tools for configuration and management, but can also be configured by editing XML configuration files. 2.2.5 Brief Introduction of MyEclipse MyEclipse is a commercially available Java EE and Ajax IDE created and maintained by the company Genuitec, a founding member of the Eclipse Foundation. MyEclipse is built upon the Eclipse platform, and integrates both proprietary and open source solutions into the development environment. MyEclipse has two primary versions (apart from the “Blue Editionand “MyEclipse Spring Edition referred to below): a professional and a standard edition. The standard edition adds database tools, a visual web designer, persistence tools, Spring tools, Struts and JSF tooling, and a number of other features to the basic Eclipse Java Developer profile. It competes with the Web Tools Project, which is a part of Eclipse itself, but MyEclipse is a separate project entirely and offers a different feature set. 4 2.2.6 Brief Introduction of servlet A servlet is a Java programming language class used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed via a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by Web servers. Thus, it can be thought of as a Java Applet that runs on a server instead of a browser. A Servlet is a Java class in Java EE that conforms to theJava Servlet API, a protocol by which a Java class may respond to requests. They are not tied to a specific client- server protocol, but are most often used with the HTTPprotocol. Therefore, the word “Servlet“ is often used in the meaning of “HTTP Servlet“. Thus, a software developer may use a servlet to add dynamic content to a Web server using theJava platform. The generated content is commonly HTML, but may be other data such as XML. Servlets are the Java counterpart to non-Java dynamic Web content technologies such as CGI andASP.NET. Servlets can maintain state in session variables across many server transactions by using HTTP cookies, or URL rewriting. 2.3 System Development Environment Description Hardware Development Environment: CPU: Intel Core 2 T52001.60GHz Processor Memory:4G Hard Disk:120G Software Development Environment: Operating system:Windows XP Development Tools:Eclipse and Myeclipse8.0 JSP Server:Apache tomcat 6.0 Database:SQL Server 2000 Browser:Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 大连交通大学 2011 届本科生毕业设计（论文） 5 3 Procedures Design 3.1 System Structure Description 3.1.1 Administrator Login Submodule Firstly the administrator need to input his user name and password， then click the login button. If your user name and password is right, you can see the main page, and begin to manage all the information there. 3.1.2 Planning Management Submodule This submodule includes three part: project registration and project list and project inquiry. 3.1.3 Contract Management Submodule Contract signing and contract inquiry are included in this submodule which guarantee the project go on in order. The contract is protected by law to prevent some unnecessary financial loss. 3.1.4 Quality Management Submodule Checking and accepting are the main function of this Quality Management Submodule which guarantees a project can comply with the standards or not. 3.1.5 Project Evaluation Management Submodule Before the project starts, users need to anticipate the functions of this project. And when the project have been completed, users can evaluate how effective it is. 3.2 System Function Description System function flow diagram 3-1: 6 A d m i n i s t r a t o r L o g i n E n t e r p r i s e P r o j e c t M a n a g e m e n t S y s t e m P l a n n i n g M a n a g e m e n t C o n t r a c t M a n a g e m e n t Q u a l i t y M a n a g e m e n t E v a l u a t i o n M a n a g e m e n t P r o j e c t R e g i s t e r P r o j e c t L i s t P r o j e c t I n q u i r y C o n t r a c t S i g n i n g P r o t e c t A c c e p t a n c e P r o j e c t E v a l u a t i o n E x i t B r o w s e P r o j e c t I n f o r m a t i o n R e g i s t e r C o n t r a c t I n q u i r y Diagram3-1System Function Flow Diagram 3.2.1 Login Function Description Firstly, the administrator must start Apache Tomcat Server, and then put “http:/localhost:8080/xiangmu/admin/index.jsp“ in the address field of Internet Explorer 6.0, you can see the login page. You can input user name and password. Click the login button. If both the user name and password are correct, you can login the main page. In other words, if the database of user name and password could be found in the administrator login table, it turns to the main page. 3.2.2 Administrator Information Maintenance Function Description On the administrator information maintenance webpage, you can add the new user name and password or delete the old one, which can ensure the security of the important information. At the same time, the information of administrator table will automaticlly update. 3.2.3 Planning Project Registration Function Description You can operate information on “ProjectAdd.JSP“ page, which includes the values 大连交通大学 2011 届本科生毕业设计（论文） 7 of project name, responsible company, project type, responsible officer, implementation time, estimated amount, skill plan and remark. These information must be filled out. You must input all, then click the submit button. Afterward the whole information will be found in the “ProjectAdd“ table. 3.2.4 Planning Project List Function Description If the administrator wants to know something about all the projects, you can enter “ProjectManagement.JSP“ page. This page includes all the information of every project. These information can be edited again. And they also can be deleted by the administrator, and information of background database will automatically update. If you want to add one new project, you can click the add button and then the page will jump to the “ProjectAdd.JSP“ page, then you can add a new project. 3.2.5 Planning Project Inquiry Function Description If there are too many projects in the list, it will take your much time to find the one you want, then the inquiry function will help you to find it quickly. You can input the name of the project and click the searching button. Through calling SQL statements it can interact with the background database. If the project what you want is in the planning project list, it will be found quickly. Another convenience of the searching function is that it can help to find any project you want, if you couldnt remember its project name. This function is named fuzzy searching. 3.2.6 Contract Signing Function Description Contract signing function can ensure the successful cooperation between responsible officer A and responsible officer B, which includes values of contract name, project name, responsible officer A, responsible officer B, beginning and ending time of the contract, contract value and remark. These details are indispensable. When you add all the information, you can submit them to the contract list. And then the new contract could be found in the contract table of background database, which can be used to protect your legal right whenever you need it. 3.2.7 Contract List Function Description 8 Through this webpage you can find all the contracts that have been signed. If you want to know the details of the contracts, you can enter this page. After the project has been finished, you can also delete the useless contract items. On this page, there is an “add“ button, click it and the webpage will jump to the contract signing page. Whenever you add or delete a contract, the background database will be updated with immediately. 3.2.8 Contract Inquiry Function Description With the increasing number of contracts, it will be difficult for us to find the contract you need. And now you could get help from the contract inquiry function. You can input the keyword of the contract name and then click the search button. ContractSearch. JSP page will call the database through SQL statement. If the contract that you search is in the contract table, you will find it instantaneously. With this functions help, you will save a lot of time, so you can manage the contract more efficiently. 3.2.9 Project Acceptance Function Description Project acceptance is an important part of project management. After you finish the checking of each part you may do the project acceptance. If every part is accepted you can choose “yes“ item and click submit button. At the same time, you need to input your name as an acceptor. 3.2.10 Project Evaluation Management Function Description This part is in the EvaluationAdd.JSP page. You can choose any project to evaluate it. About every finished project you should give an objective evaluation, for example, the problems you encounter during the project, and how they are solved. You can get a lot of useful experiences while doing these. You can know something about every project through this project evaluation. You can also edit the evaluation or delete it. 大连交通大学 2011 届本科生毕业设计（论文） 9 4 System Test and Application 4.1 Test Results After the completion of “Design and Implementation of Project Management Subsystem in Enterprise Management Platform“ , it needs a series of system integration and validation testing. The fundamental purpose of this testing is to find the errors of this system, which are not always easy to be found, therefore this software testing always needs some professional, experienced testers. However, for this system is developed by an undergraduate, it is temporarily tested by the developer. 4.1.1 Testing Guidelines and Programs According to that this procedure is tested by the developer, White-Box testing method and sometimes Black-Box testing method are used in the testing process. White-Box testing, also known as structure testing or logical drive testing, is the test procedure through the internal structure of procedure. Its purpose is to test whether the internal action of the product is designed in accordance with the specification, and whether each channel in the procedure comply with the requirements. This kind of test method takes the test object as an open box, and testers design or choose test case according to the internal logical structure. Through the testing of all the logical paths of the procedure, we ensure whether the actual state of the procedure is consistent with expectations. Black-Box testing is the premise of the existing system structure, the purpose of which is to test whether each function of the system comply with the expectations. In the test, the procedure is also taken as an open box. And without considering the internal structure and internal characteristics of procedure, we test the software in the interface. 4.1.2 Testing Stages In order to ensure the quality of testing, we divide test process into four stages, which are code review stage, unit testing stage, integration testing stage, acceptance testing stage. 10 4.2 Code Review Stage Most software testing should include code review stage. Code review stage is a process of reading, debating on and static analysing procedure. According to the characteristic of this system, the developer reviews the code once again and explain it to other students. It is proved that we could find a lot of errors which had not been found through reviewing. 4.2.1 Unit Testing Unit testing focuses on checking the smallest unit of the system design. Its purpose is to find some situations where the actual functions of the module are not consistant with the definition of the function of the module, at the same time, we can also find some code errors. Because of the small module, the single function, and the simple logic, the testers, the system developers, know I/O conditions of the module and the modules logical structure very well. So we can use structure testing (White-Box Testing) case to test it more thoroughly. And then we use function testing（ Black-Box Testing）case in order to identify and respond to any reasonable and unreasonable input. The high reliability of the module is the basis of this system. Through unit testing, we have found a lot of the modules errors and have correct them afterwards. 4.2.2 Integration Testing Before the Integration testing, we need to assemble all the modules in order to find some errors of interface. If user data lost during pass through interface, the unite between each other may cause hazard by ignoring the issues, form all sub functions together may not get what we expected, some of slight difference which might be accepted could cause serious problem, the data structure could have problems. If integration testing is normal, serious problem cant exist. 4.2.3 Acceptance Testing The purpose of acceptance testing is to show that the system can work as expected requirements. After integration testing, all unites are formed in one software system as specified, interface error has been checked, the next stage is validate the feasible of 大连交通大学 2011 届本科生毕业设计（论文） 11 software, this stage is called acceptance testing, that software function and performance as expected. Above all the process of testing in software basically satisfy all requirement of software developing, the test declare finished, after check out, software could use. After these testings, the software basically meets the requirements of the development, and testings come to the end. Now the software can be put into use. 4.3 Some of the Testing Results 4.3.1 Database Connection Testing Throughout the development process in the system, the most common problems are database connection problems. Here are some of the issues about connecting database in JavaBeans： 1.If the operating system you use is Microsoft Windows XP, you must continue to install Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 4 after installing Microsoft SQL Server 2000 . 2.During Microsoft SQL Server 2000 installation process, authentication mode