如何写一篇文 章的摘要

-精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 1 如何写一篇文章的摘要 如何写一篇文章的摘要？ 摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的 简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原 文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤： 阅读；写作；修改成文。第一步：阅读 A认真阅读给定的原文材料。 如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读 次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B 给摘要起一个标题。用那些 能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短 句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题 句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的 开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文 章的中心思想。 C 现在，就该决定原文中哪些 -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 2 部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要 部分的主要观点进行概括。 D简要地记下主要观点主 题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重 要的东西。掌握原文总的意思和结构， 明确全文的主题和各段的段落大意 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该不超过原文的三分 之一或四分之一长。摘要的字数可以少 于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数 字。 B. 摘要应用自己的话完成。尽 量不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。 这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明 原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻 阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种 小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 3 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中 可能包括 5 个或更多的例子，你只需从 中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简 单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事 用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成 一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了 强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。 但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删 除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概 括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句 或者从句。请看下面的例子： -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 4 “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.” 7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体 的词，比如： “She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.” 可以概括为：”She brought home -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 5 a lot of books to read during the vocation.” 8） 使用最短的连接词。比如， 可以使用 but, then, thus, yet, though，不 能使用 at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand 等较长 的连接词。通常，使用分号就能够达成 使用连接词的效果。 9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通 常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大 段的对白简化，比如： Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with Paul. She -精选财经经济类资料- -最新财经经济资料-感谢阅读- 6 wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” 可以用第三人称概括为： Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Pauls health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless. 第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改