八年级英语期末复习提纲_2

八年级英语期末复习提纲 Unit 1 Useful Expressions make predictions 做预测 free time 空闲时间 flyto 乘坐飞往 on a space station 在太空站上 fewer people 更少的人（fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定 ） less free time 更少的空闲时间 （less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定 ） keep pets 养宠物 in ten years 10 年后（ in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用 How soon） I disagree. 我不同意. fall/be in love with sb. 与 sb.相爱 in the future 在将来/在未来 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他 be able to 能够 live alone 单独居住 feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along 等） The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely 那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 predict the future 预测未来 come true 实现 keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪 see sb. do sth. 看见 sb.做某事（的 全过程 ） the same as 和相同 doing sth. 看见 sb.正在做某事（ 片断 ） fly to the moon 飞上月球 hundreds of +复数 数百/ 几百（ 概数，类似还有 thousands of; millions of） A be different from B A 与 B 不同(=There is a difference/There are differences between A and B) wake up 醒来（wake sb. up 表示 “唤醒某人” lots of/a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以） get bored 变得厌倦（get/become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如 tired/angry/excited 等 ） go skating 去滑冰（类似还有 go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding 等） help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 hundreds of 数以百计的 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 look like 看上去长的像 look for 寻找 一段时间 + from now（从现在起）之后 from now on = in the futur 今后 study on computers 通过电脑学习 at the weekends 在周末 I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意 help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 on a piece of paper 在一张纸上 on vacation 度假 agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见) 注意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等常考到的不可数名词） Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗 many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼 live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼 look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明 live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路 332 号 as a reporter 作为一名记者 no more=not anymore 不再（ 强调多次发生的动作不再发生 ） no longer=not any longer 不再（ 强调状态不再发生 ） besides（除之外还，包括）与 except =but（除之外，不包括） be able to 与 can 能、会 （be able to 用于各种时态，而 can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中； have to 用于各种时态，而 must 只能用于一般现在 时态 ） 例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用 can） 2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不可以用 must） Key Points 1.Do you think ? I think (that). I dont think (that). 2. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in 和 with. on： 表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等； in： 使用语言文字等媒介； with： 借助具体的手段或工具。 Eg. I dont want to talk about it on the phone. Can you speak it in English? Dont write it with a red pen. 3.“in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词 how soon. Will people use money in 100 years? 4. before ago 与过去时连用 Grammar Focus The Simple Future tense 一般将来时的三种基本结构： will +V. be going to +V. be + Ving 一般将来时的时间状语：in + 时间，in the future，next + 时间， 与 tomorrow 相关的时间，this + 时间，from now on，right now，some day 2.形容词、副词的比较级用法 Unit 2 1. argue with sb. 与某人争吵 about/over sth. 为某事争吵 out of style/danger 过时/脱离险境 in style/danger 时尚/处于危险之中 call up sb. （代词放中间）给某人打电话 keep out 不让进入 Whats wrong? 怎么啦？ be surprised at 对感到吃惊 borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借入某物 need to do sth. （某人）需要做某事 doing sth. （某物）需要做某事 pay for sth. 为某物付（钱） the same + n. + as 与一样的 n. get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽 have a fight with sb.与某人争吵 take part in 加入 plan sth. for sb. 为某人 计划某事 as much as possible 尽可能多的 Sb. pay for sth. 某人为某物花了 钱。 Sth. cost sb. 某物花了某人钱。 Sb. spend on sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）在某事上。 (in) doing sth. 某人花了（时间、金钱）做某事。 It takes/took sb. to do sth. 花了某人（时间、金钱）做某事。 a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票 注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer) to the question/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用 of 表示所有格 enough money 足够的钱(enough 修饰名词时不必后置) borrow from 从.借( 借进来) busy enough 够忙 (enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) lendto 把借给（借出去） fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格 succeed in (doing) sth 在.方面成功 fail in (doing) sth在.上失败,变弱 surprise sb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+ 某人 ） a bit =a little 一点儿（ 当修饰形容词或比较级时 ） return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb 把某物归还给某人 a bit of =a little 一点儿/一些（ 当修饰不可数名词时 ） prepare for=get ready for 为做准备 drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少 ;死去 fill up 填补；装满 as much as possible 尽可能多 by oneself+on ones own 某人自己/ 独自地 I find/feel/think it difficult to do. 我发现/感到/ 认为做某事很难 see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/ 听见/注视某人正在做 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果） to ones joy 使某人高兴的是 get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果） 2. not until 直到才 （主句动词是 短暂性 动词） until 一直到 （主句中使用 延续性 动词） 3. leave 情态动词 情态动词 没有人称和数的变化 ； 情态动词 不能直接做谓语 ，必须和一个 动词原形 同时使用； 大多数情态动词没有时态的变化； 情态动词加上 be，通常表示 猜测 的语气。 4.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed 说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词.） 例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. Unit3 UE in front of - behide 在的前面 - 在的后面 in the front of - at the back of 在的前部 - 在的后部（包含在内） take off 起飞 get out of 离开 You are kidding. 胡说八道 follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事 get into 进入 shout at 训斥、责备 shout to 向喊叫 What happen？ 发生什么事了？ happen = take place 发生 in silence 沉默地 in space 在太空中 at the doctors 在诊所 jump down from 从跳下 climb up the tree 爬上树 on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上 注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用 on） as+adj 原形 as 和一样 例如： She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him) take place 发生（强调必然性） happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性） 例如：What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you? be ill in hospital/bed 生病住院 /在床 in silence 沉默不语 KP “as + 形容词 /副词的原级 +as”表示 “和 一样 ” 否定形式： “not as/so + 形容词 /副词的原级 +as” 表示 “和 不一样 ” GF The Past Progressive Tense 过去进行时 用法：表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。 谓语结构：be ( was, were )+ Ving 时间状语：at that time/moment at + 点钟 + yesterday/last night from +点钟 + to +点钟 + yesterday this time yesterday just then when he came in, .（when 引导的时间状语从句是过去时，并且动词是短暂性动词时，主句 使用过去进行时） when 19.keep sb.doing 让始终/ 一直做 20. stop sb.(from)doing 阻止某人做某事 21. prefer doing B to doing B=like A better than A 喜欢做 A 更喜欢做 B 22. “do some +doing”短语 如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking 23“go doing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting ( 打猎) .注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配: I feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested/tired/pleased/worried/lost Keepclosed a boy called/named Tom Key sentences Would you mind turning down the music? 你介不介意把音乐声关小呢？ Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？ = Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做） 好吗？ I wont be long. 我一会就好。 The pen you bought didnt work. 你买的那把笔坏了。 The pen you bought wasnt broken. = There was something wrong with the pen you bought. = Something was wrong with the pen you bought. Here you are. 给你。 Heres what they said. 以下是他们所说的。 I cant stand it. 我无法忍受。 I cant stand to see good food to waste. 我无法忍受看着好食物被浪费。 Could you please not follow me around? 请你不要跟着我四周好吗？ This happens to me all the time in the school library. 在学校图书馆我一直碰上这种事。 Would you mind keeping your voice down? 你介不介意把音量放小呢？ voice: 名词， 指说话和唱歌地嗓音； talk in a loud voice 高声交谈 noise: 名词， 指人们不愿听到地噪音； sound: 名词， 泛指自然界一切可以听到的声音。 For example, dropping litter is almost never allowed. 例如，乱丢垃圾是不被允许的。 be allowed 被允许。 “be + 动词的过去分词”是被动语态 Unit 8 Useful Expression get her a scarf 送她一条围巾 compare with/to sth. 与相比 not creative enough 不够有创意 easy/difficult to take care of 容易/难养活 these days 目前，现在 pot-bellied pig 大肚猪 spend with her 和她呆在一起 not at all 根本不 fall asleep 入睡（动作） be asleep 入睡（状态） half way = halfway 半道、中途 different kinds of 不同种类 pay for 付款 from across China = from all over China 来自全中国 as as 与一样 not as/soas 与比不如其 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 hear of /about 听说 make progress 取得进步 be able to = can 能够 have fun with sth. 做有乐趣 本单元目标句型： 4.What a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙! 常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 .固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带 to 的动词不定式常见搭配 希望做某事 hope to do sth. 决定做某事 decide to do sth 同意做某事 agree to do sth. 需要某人做某事 need to do sth. 使用某物做某事 use sth to do sth 迫不及待做某事 cant wait to do 准备做某事 get/be ready to do 尽力/努力做某事 try to do sth 计划做某事 plan to do sth. 不得不 have to do 轮流做某事 take ones turns to do sth. 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 want /would like sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth. 喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. to do sth/help sb.do encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard. Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了 例句:Its time for me to go home. Its +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是 例句: It is easy for me to learn it well. It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间 例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.It took me an hour to watch TV last night. 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work. too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word. find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/ 认为/感到做某事是 I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well. 序数词+to do 第个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there? 我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didnt know/forgot what to do. 离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯 例句:Dont forget/Remember to turn off the lights when you left the room be+adj+to do sth 例句:I am very sorry to hear that. I am ready to help others. I am happy / pleased / glad to meet you. 顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时 用 it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把 to 甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前 加 for sb.；to 前 not 是否定，各种用法区别开。 以下是不带 to 的动词不定式 (即动词原形)的常见用法 let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 make do sth 使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth 听见某人做某事 see do sth do sth 看见某人做某事 why not 或 why dont you +动原？为什么不.?Why not/Why dont you take a walk? 某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不) 做某事 情态动词 can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形） 助动词 do/does/did/will/would 在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即 dont /doesnt /didnt /will not /would not+ 动词原形 be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算”做某事） Key sentences Why dont you get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？ get sb. sth. for 为了 给某人买某物 = get sth. to sb. for 注意：当 sth. 是代词时，不可使用第二种用法。 Thats not interesting enough. 那不够有趣。 enough 有两种词性：当它用来修饰形容词、副词时，作为副词，应放在所修饰的词之后，如上句；当它用来修饰名词时,应 放在名词之后， 如：I dont have enough time to spend with her. Whats the best gift (that) Joe has ever received? Joe 曾经受到的最好的礼物是什么？ Dogs are too difficult to take care of. 狗很难照料。 I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child. 我认为对于一个六岁的孩子一条狗会是一个好礼物。 The trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig. 近来最流行的宠物是大腹便便的猪。 Life with a pig isnt always perfect. 和一只猪在一起生活并不总是完美的。 Now shes too big to sleep in the house. 现在她太大了不能睡在屋子里。 too to ：太以致于不能= so that 主语 cant . e.g. He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he cant go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school. = He is very young and he cant go to school. 注意：tooto是一个简单句，而 sothat是一个复合句。并且当复合句中的主句主语和从句主语不同时，在句型中要用 for sb.来表述。如： The digital camera is so expensive that we cant buy it. = The digital camera is too expensive for us to buy. = The digital camera isnt cheap enough for us to buy. = The digital camera is very expensive and we cant buy it. My shoes were really cheap. They only cost $5. 我的鞋子真的很便宜。只要花 5 美元。 cost： 花费（金钱）主语为物； pay： 花费（金钱）主语为人； take： 花费（时间、金钱）主语为物； spend ： 花费（时间、金钱）主语为人 。 Grammar 1.Why dont you get her a scarf? = Why not get her a scarf? 为什么不给她买条围巾呢？ How/What about doing sth.? 做怎么样呢？ How/What about + (a/an) + n.? 怎么样呢？ 2. Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 你介不介意做（不做）？ = Would/Could you please (not) do sth.? 请你做（不做） 好吗？ 注意：7、8 两个单元学习的几种礼貌的提出建议的方式要重点、综合复习。注意他们的搭配。 Unit 9 Useful Expression hear of 听说 hear from 收到的消息/来信 take a ride 兜风 end up 结束 argue with sb. 与某人争吵 roller coaster 过山车 a flight attendant 一个机组乘务员 in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界 think about 考虑 think of 想起；认为 rather than 宁可；而不是 neithernor 既不也不 three quarters of 四分之三 for example 举个例子 on the one hand, on the other hand,. 一方面，另一方面 be asleep=fall asleep 睡着 such as 例如 during the daytime 在白天 be asleep 睡着（状态） all year round 全年 fall asleep 睡着（动作） an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家 a zoo called/named一个叫做 的动物园 wake somebody up 唤醒/叫醒某人 a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit 一个度假/游览的好地方 Three quarters of the population are Chinese .四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语用复数） Whats the population of China? 中国的人口是多少？（不用 how much 提问） The population of China is 1.3 billion 中国的人口是 13 亿。（谓动词用单形式） Key sentences Have you ever been to a water park? 你曾经去过水上公园吗？ No, I havent. 不，我没有。 Me neither. = Neither/Nor have I. 我也没有。 这是一个否定的省略句。它的结构是“ Neither/Nor + be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词+主语” 。而用在肯定的省略句中时要使用 so，它的 结构是“So+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词” 。如： I paid 20 yuan for this book. So did I. The roller coaster is themed with Disney characters. 过山车是以迪斯尼的人物为主题的。 The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place. 虽然船的路线不同，但它们都停泊在同一个地方。 Its just so much fun in Disneyland. 迪斯尼乐园里有如此之多的乐趣。 It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 只是因为我能说英语，我得到了这份工作。 More than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 超过四分之三的人是中国人。 This is because the island is so close to the equator. So you can choose to go whenever you like. 就因为这个岛是如此接近赤道。所以只要你愿意你任何时候都可以去。 Grammar 现在完成时 用法：动作到现在已经完成或刚刚完成; 过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的结果和影响； 过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 基本结构：have/has + V.过去分词 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, once, twice, so far, ever since, for a long time, for + 一段时间 , since + 过去的时间点 /过 去时的从句， 等。 注意事项: 现在完成时是现在的时态,重点表达目前的结果和状态; 表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用 for + 时间段, since +点时间连用。对 for 与 since 短语提问用 how long。 现在完成时从不与 when 引起的疑问句联用。 have been to：去过 have gone to：去了 have been in：呆在 E. 短暂性动词变为延续性动词： buy - have had borrow - have kept join - have been in / have been a member of become - have been a member make friends - have been friends die - have been dead get to know - have known come/go to do - have done catch a cold - have had a cold begin/start to do - have done begin / start - have been on enter / come / arrive / get to / reach - have been in/at go / leave for / set off / set out - have been away from since， for 在现在完成（进行）时中的用法差异 since 后接过去的时间点或一般过去时的从句。 He has been an English teacher since three years ago. We have known each other since we came to study in this university. for 后接时间段 He has lived here for three years. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连 用，如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1990 等。 而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如： He has lived here since 1992. 1992 年以来他一直住在这里。 （ 他现在还住在这里 ） He lived here in 1992. 1992 年他住在这里。 （ 并不涉及他现在是否住在这里 ） Unit 10 Useful Expression forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 look through 浏览 cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道 think of 想起、认为 come along 出现，发生 get along/on with sb. 与某人相处的 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 have a birthday party 举办一个生日聚会 on Saturday night 在周六的晚上 at least 至少 at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里 need to do sth. 需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动） need doing=need to be done 需要被（主语是物，强调被动） 例如：I need to do my homework The bike needs mending/reparing be careful =look out 当心,小心 be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/ 不做某事 say in a low/loud voice 小声地/ 大声地说 something cost+钱= something is worth+钱 某物值多少钱 do/try ones best to do sth. 努力/ 尽力做某事 Key sentences I hope so. 我希望如此。 so 为代词，用来表示赞同前面所提及的内容。除了 hope 以外，还有 think， believe， suppose， be afraid 等，可与 so 连用。 如： Do you think it will rain this afternoon? 你认为下午会下雨吗？ I think/believe/suppose/hope/am afraid so. 我想/ 相信/猜/ 希望/恐怕会。 注意：用来表示不赞同前面所提及的内容，有两种不同的方法，不可混用。如： I dont think so. 我不这么想。 I hope/suppose/am afraid not. 我希望/猜/ 恐怕不会这样。 How much did that shirt cost? 那件衬衫多少钱？ I feel like part of the group now. 现在我感觉像是他们中的一员了。 Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. 有像你这样的一些朋友，使得我在新的地方很快就适应了。 Grammar 反意疑问句 目标句型：反意疑问句句型如下：(注意：以下本单元语法反意疑问句容易考到的几个句型) ： 1. It looks like rain, doesnt it? Yes, it does./No, it doesnt 看起来要下雨了,是吗? 2. Hes really good, isnt he? 他确实好,是吗? 3. You are new here, arent you? 你是新来的, 是吗? 4. You have never been to Beijing, have you? ( never 表达否定含义,后面用肯定) 5. She has few friends, does she? (few 表达否定含义,后面用肯定) 6. Tom had little work to do, did he? (little 表达否定含义,后面用肯定) 7. You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly 表达否定含义,后面用肯定) 8. Lets go home, shall we? 9. Dont be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用 will you;但 Lets 开头的用 shall we) 1.祈使句:祈使句后一般加上 will you 或 wont you 构成反意疑问句，用 will you 多表示“请求”，用 wont you 多表示提醒对方注意。 注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you? Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 2.感叹句:感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用 be 的一般现在时态的否定形式。 3.当陈述部分谓语动词是 need , dare, used to 且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用 do 的适当形式。 4.陈述部分主、谓语是 I am 时，反意疑问句用 arent I 或 aint I, 而不是 am not I (可用 am I not )。 5.陈述部分的主语是 everything ,nothing,anything 或 something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词 it 。 6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone ,nobody, no one, none, neither 时，其反意 疑问句的主语需用复数代词 they 。 7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时，反意疑问句的主语用 it , 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 these 或 those 时，其反 意疑问句的主语用 they 。 8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词 one 时，反意疑问句的主语可以用 one,也可以用 you (美式英语用 he )。 9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom, hardly, never, not , no, no one , nobody ,nothing ,none, nether 等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。 10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的，其后的反意疑问句依然有否定结构。 11.含有否定含意的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时，其反意疑问句用肯定结构，也可用否定结构。 12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式（短语）、动词-ing 形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用 it。 13.当陈述部分含 I think (believe ,suppose)that结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须 是第一人称。 14.have(has) 不是表示“有” 的意思，并在句中做谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用 do, does, did。 15.陈述部分有 have to 时，其反意疑问