2015年考研英语二真题详细解析

Section Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大（more stressed at home than at work），第二句通过具体的实验结果描述对首句进行道理论证（cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高）。从考点设置来说，本段首句+第二句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观点进行正确选项的设置。 “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经历的压力更小。第二句进一步强化首句内容：女性更喜欢工作而非在家中，而男人却更加喜欢待在家中。第三句+第四句提出另外一个让人吃惊的事实，没有孩子的夫妻更加喜欢工作环境而非家庭环境。从考点设置来说，本段倒数第二句存在于上句的并列+句内转折+最后一句的道理论证，属于重要考点，可以设置相应的细节题。 What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 本段首句提出研究的漏洞人们是否会在家继续工作？工作是家务还是办公室的工作？第二句到第四句给出对立的观点：对男人而言，下班即意味着不用工作了，而对于女性而言，上班或者下班都有工作要处理（ catch-up-with-household tasks）。最后一句对前四句做出总结，女性在家中的压力明显多过男性（women are more stressed at home）。从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点是最后一句的总结内容，对本段第二句到第四句的对比结构给出了明确的确定性的观点，且本身带有比较结构（more stressed），适合设置细节题正确选项。But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.本段首句给出抽象观点：这不仅仅是性别的问题。第二句+第三句指出工作场合下人们的目标很明确付出劳动获得酬劳（working, making money）。从考点设置来说，本段首句为抽象观点，不适合考察。第三句带有冒号，对第二句进行进一步的解释说明，可以在二三两句话之间设置细节题考点。重点是第三句话内容。On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.本段首句明确与上段二三两句构成转折：人们在家中的目的性就不明确了。第二句到本段结束为对首句内容的进一步解释:家务分工一般很难明确，（Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out），家务繁重且报酬很少（ a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards），你也不能因为他们干得不好而把他们给开除了（You cannot fire your family）。从考点设置来说，本段首句与上段形成对比，从第二句开始对首句的no such clarity进行进一步解释，重点对本段第二句开始到最后一句的内容中进行考察。可以设置相应的细节题。So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.本段首句+第二句对之前内容进行总结。从考点设置来说，本段不存在新观点，不具备考察的条件。21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home Awas an unrealistic place for relaxationBgenerated more stress than the workplaceCwas an ideal place for stress measurementDoffered greater relaxation than the workplace试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干most previous surveys定位到原文首段第一句。本题考察的是大部分之前的调查的观点，而原文首段第一句指出，一个和绝大部分之前调查相反（contrary to）的新研究指出（new study），人们在家中比工作中存在更大的压力。反过来说，原先的大部分研究都是认为在家中不如工作中的压力大，因此选项D（家庭可以提供更大的舒适度）是正确的。干扰排除：选项A指出家庭不适合放松，而B指出家庭会产生更多的压力，都是和原文首句内容相反的信息，可以直接排除。而选项C在原文首段并没有提到，可以直接排除。22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothersBChildless husbandsC Childless wivesDWorking fathers试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干人名Damaske定位到文章第二段，本题考察的是在家中感觉最快乐的人是谁。通过第二段的语篇分析，本段中最重要内容应该是带有带有并列结构的两个观点。前一个观点是男人比女人在家中更开心。之后的并列内容（another）中句内转折之后指出没有小孩的夫妻（non-parent）比有小孩的夫妻更开心，综合起来，最开心的自然就应该是没有小孩的丈夫在家中是最为开心的，因此选项B是正确的。干扰排除：通过本段倒数第二句明确没有小孩的夫妻是更快乐的，所以选项A和D可以快速排除，选项B和C要依靠本段第二句的Damaske的引号内的观点来进行排除，C是错误的，妻子在工作中更加的快乐而不是家庭中。23 The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact they Athey are both bread winners and housewivesBtheir home is also a place for kicking backCthere is often much housework left behindDit is difficult for them to leave their office试题类型：通过题干中的blurring of working womens roles定位到原文第三段中的最后一句。题干考察的是工作女性模糊的角色意味着什么。而原文定位点当句的the blurring of working women提示在本句之前已经出现对这种模糊角色的解释性的信息（the是定冠词，其后名词没有定语做解释时，往往意味着之前已经提到相关内容），而本段倒数第二句指出妻子不光要在外工作（work outside home）,还要在家里继续承担家务（playing catch-up-with-household tasks）。等同于选项A中的bread winner（依靠工作获得收入）and housewives(家庭主妇)。干扰排除：选项B对应的是本段第二句，原文大意是男性可以在一天工作结束后休息（kick back），而不是女性，所以B出现指代错误。选项C对应本段最后一句中的home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments（女性面对的家务的调整空间比面对工作时少的多），并不等同于还有很多家务留给女性去面对，所以C可以排除。选项D的内容在原文中并没有出现，可以直接排除。24.The word moola(Line 4， 4)most probably means AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition试题类型：词汇题解题思路：通过题干定位到文章第四段。Moola所在单句中存在并列结构，大意是员工付出体力和精力来换取维持生活的moola。根据常识可以判断大意应该是“酬劳，薪水”之类的意思。而在上一句中，出现和本句draws out life-sustaining moola基本一样的结构：draw an income。因此确定答案应该是和income相关的内容，选项C是正确的。干扰排除：选项A，B和D与原文大意差距太大，可以直接排除，此题只要抓住并列结构对考生并不会产生太大的难度。25.The home front differs from the workplace in that Ahome is hardly a cozier working environmentBdivision of labor at home is seldom clear-cutChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewarded试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过顺序原则直接定位到文章第五段（题干考察的是家庭和公司的不同之处，文章最后一段内容太少，出现正确选项的概率非常低，因此第五段为重点阅读段落）。通过第五段的语篇分析，本段首句首先通过however与上段形成转折（在家中人们就没有这么明确的目标了）。第二句利用否定结构（rare）展开首句内容（面对家务问题很难像面对工作那样冷静的有条不紊的进行分工）。第三句开始直到最后一句都是在描述第二句的内容家庭成员会因为奖励不够，不会被开除等等因素而对家务活消极懈怠。因此选项B是正确的，B中的division是贯穿本段的内容。干扰排除：选项C和D都是对家务劳动的正面评价（C指出家务活更能激励人，D指出家人总是能够因为做家务得到足够的奖励）。原文第五段明确指出there are inadequate rewards for most of them（奖励是不够的），而第六段最后指出the co-workers（暗指family labor） are much harder to motivate（很难激励他们），因此选项C和D都可以排除。选项A指出家庭不是一个舒适的工作环境，这点在文章中没有明确指出，更不要说这是家庭和公司之间的不同，可以直接排除。Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.本段首句提出观点第一代大学生们的学业成绩相对父母是大学生的二代大学生更低（lag other students on a range of education achievement factors）。第二句继续指出他们的分数更低而且退学率更高。第三句通过转折结构指出大学几年来更多的招收这类学生（因为一旦他们完成学业将来在经济上会有更大的成功）。最后一句为长难句，与第三句再次构成转折关系，给出专家观点：高等教育在进一步扩大社会阶层间的差距，而不是缩小（ higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class）。从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点结构应该是最后一句（长难句+人物观点+句内转折+句内否定），可针对本句进行细节题正确选项的设置。 But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students. 本段单句提出相反观点：研究也乐观的给出了解决问题的方案，可以有效的缩小一代大学生同其他人间的差距（但是没有指出该方案是什么，很大可能在下一段展开）。从考点设置来说，本段为带有原因（as）的长难句，可以针对原因部分设置细节题。 The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.本段首句介绍了报告的背景（调查对象，报告人信息）。第二句对一代大学生做出定义。第三句为长难句，介绍了一代大学生获得助学金的概率要大于非一代大学生。从考点设置来说，本段第三句虽然存在数据，但是是对一代大学生和非一代大学生的区别比较（是否能够获得助学金），属于考点结构可以设置正确选项。Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.本段首句为长难句（带有句内转折），重要内容是most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues（一代大学生最缺乏的是应对问题的实践知识）。第二句承接首句指出必须要缩小这种差距而避免未来成就上差距的加大。从考点设置来说，本段首句为长难句+句内转折，属于重要考点结构，可以设置正确选项。Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game，and take advantage of college resources, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.本段首句描述了一代大学生的努力：学习中产阶级文化以及游戏规则，利用大学资源。第二句指出了目前大学存在的问题：不会和学生谈论阶级的利弊问题。第三句进一步指出带来的问题：因为很多大学不愿意承认阶级对学生教育经历的影响，所以一代大学生们对如何提高自身无从下手。从考点设置来说，本段最后一句的为带有原因的长难句，适合设置细节题的正确选项。26. Recruiting more first-generation students has Areduced their dropout ratesBnarrowed the achievement gapC missed its original purposeDdepressed college students试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干中的Recruiting more first-generation students定位到文章首段第三句recruit more of them。本题考察的是录取更多第一代大学生会造成的后果。根据语篇分析，本段最重要内容应该是第四句的长难句，句中存在rather than的结构，重要大意是这样做会拉大（widen）而不是缩小（close）第一代大学生和非第一代大学生之间的成就差距（gap）。这与大学本身的目的是相违背的（通过第三句可知本意是帮助这些第一代大学生）。因此选项C是正确的。干扰排除：通过分析可以知道，大学这样做带来的影响是偏负面的，而选项A（降低退学率），B（拉近两者间的差距）都是偏正面的，可以直接排除。选项D源自本段最后一句中的depressing beginning of a paper,原文本意并没有谈到大学生很抑郁，所以D属于未提及选项，可以直接排除。27 The author of the research article are optimistic because Athe problem is solvableBtheir approach is costlessC the recruiting rate has increasedDtheir finding appeals to students试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干中的optimistic可以定位到第二段首句。本题考察的是研究者乐观的原因。第二段首句的后半句中as为原因状语的引导词，当中明确指出乐观的原因是有一个针对上述问题的潜在的解决方案（potential solution），因此选项A是正确的。干扰排除：选项B对应本段括号内的内容，其中确实提到方案基本没有成本（next to no cost），但是这个方案只是整个approach中的一环，并没有说整个solution都是没有成本的，所以B可以排除。选项C在原文并没出现，可以直接排除。选项D同样在文中没有提到，可以直接排除。28 The study suggests that most first-generation students Astudy at private universitiesBare from single-parent familiesC are in need of financial supportDhave failed their collage试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过顺序原则判断定位段在第三段，题干中的most first-generation students定位在本段的最后一句。通过语篇分析，本句while部分与前半句构成对比关系，while内谈到的不是一代学生生，只需要看前半句。当中指出一代大学生都获得了资金资助（grant for financial need），可以直接对应选项C。干扰排除：选项A对应本段首句中的unnamed private university,只是调查的一个范本，并不等同于都是在私立大学读书，可以排除选项A。选项B的single-parent families源自本段最后一句中的one parent with a four year degree,实际上两者所指内容完全不同（前者是单亲家庭，后者是至少父母一方接受四年大学教育），所以B可以排除。选项D在本段没有提及，可以直接排除。29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students Aare actually indifferent to the achievement gapBcan have a potential influence on other studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsDare inexperienced in handling their issues at college试题类型：观点题解题思路：通过顺序原则判断本题对应文章第四段。通过语篇分析，本段首句为长难句且当中存在转折结构，转折后指出一代大学生缺乏应对绝大多数大学生都会面对的问题的能力（but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students）。选项D中的inexperienced对应lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge，所以选项D是正确的。干扰排除：选项A的achievement gap在本段第二句提到，但是文中没有说一代大学生是否对此漠不关心，可以直接排除。选项B的potential源自本段首句，但是原文没有提到对其他学生存在潜在影响的内容，也可以直接排除。选项C虽然带有may，但是本段完全没有提到，所以可以直接排除。30.We may infer from the last graph that Auniversities often reject the culture of the middle-classBstudents are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesCsocial class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesDcolleges are partly responsible for the problem in question试题类型：推论题解题思路：通过题干定位到最后一段。在没有更加明确的定位点时，优先阅读本段的重点考点内容，正确选项往往在其中。通过语篇分析，本段最后一句带有因果关系和否定结构（seldom），是重要的考点，大意是美国的大学都不愿意承认社会阶级对学生的教育经历的影响，导致很多一代大学生表现不佳无法提高。暗指第一代大学生会面临这样的困境很大程度上是因为大学没有对他们给出足够的指导，因此选项D是正确的。干扰排除：选项A的middle class对应本段首句，原文大意是很多一代大学生追求中产阶级文化，而没有提到大学抵触中产阶级文化，所以A可以排除。选项B的resource也是出自本段第一句，但是原文并没有指出学生缺乏资源且他们自己要为其负责，B可以排除。选项C对应本段最后一句，原文指出社会阶层会影响到学生的教育经历，并不等于可以极大的丰富学习经历，因此选项C可以排除。Text3Even in traditional offices，the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago， said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn She started spinning off examples.If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didnt talk about energy；we didnt talk about passion.本段首句提出Nancy Koehn的观点：相对于过去，传统办公室语言现在更加的情绪化和感性化（more right-brained）。第二句到第四句开始进行举例：现在常见的办公室语言（旅行，使命，激情）在过去不常见（过去是目标，战略，目的）。从考点设置来说，本段首句和其后内容构成了总分关系，第二句到最后一句更多的功能是解释首句中的more right-brained。所以首句是一个很好的正确选项的出题点。Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very team-orientedand not by coincidence.Lets not forget sportsin male-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.本段首句提出Koehn的观点：这种现象的出现并非偶然，而是源于团体感（team-oriented）。第二句解释了团体感出现的原因：体育给美国人带来团队感。第三句+第四句进一步解释了体育培养公司团队感的现象：公司领导会把自己看作是团队的教练，并且鼓励自己的队员去争取胜利。从考点设置来说，本段第二句与后两句之间构成观点+道理论证的总分结构，而且第二句对第一句描述的现象的产生做了解释，所以第二句为重要考点内容，可以设置相应的选项。These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaningand，as Khurana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpose，said Khurana.本段首句继续提出Khurana的观点：这些术语可以增加员工的忠诚度。第二句+第三句解释了原因：过去这些术语大量被运用于非营利性或宗教组织（这些组织的成员忠诚度是非常高的，因此在公司使用这些属于也可以增加员工的忠诚度）。从考点设置来说，本段首句与二三两句间构成了观点+解释的总分结构，类似于上一段，同样本段首句为重要考点内容，可以设置正确选项。 This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The mommy wars of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But if your work is your passion, youll be more likely to devote yourself to it，even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed。本段首句给出观点：这种个人成就感的实现可以产生激励作用。第二句给出“The mommy wars”作为例证，支持现代办公室用语可以帮助女性思考她们需要什么。第三句+第四句证明办公室用语的效果：尽管存在很多类似“拔插头”，“离线”等将家庭和工作区分开的术语，但是如果真的热爱工作，则会家庭工作两头兼顾。从考点设置来说，本段最重要内容应该是首句观点（现代办公室用语可以激励人）。包括第三句+第四句也是用来举例支持首句的。但是本题最终选择第二句的细节进行考察，原因是第一句观点已经在之前的段落中进行考察，所以本段只能选择一个非主旨类的信息考察。 But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，but managers love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your workand how your work defines who you are.本段首句给出结论性观点：办公室用语是很重要的。第二句给出Nunberg的观点进行支持：人们虽然觉得不可思议却会接受它。最后一句总结指出：办公室用语可以找到你和工作之间或的联系，并且能定义你工作中的角色。从考点设置来说，本段首句的转折和第二句的人物观点属于重要考点结构，可以设置细节题或人物观点题的正确选项。31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become Amore emotionalBmore objectiveCless energeticDless strategic试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干人名定位到第一段，考察的是办公室语言的变化。本段首句即为Nancy的观点，当中的the lingua franca等同于题干中的language，其观点是办公室语言相对于过去更加的情绪化（并列的后半部分的much more right-brained也是暗指更加的情绪化）。而第二句开始是举例（Journey, mission,passion都是现在办公室用语，都是充满情绪化的词汇）。因此选项A是正确的。干扰排除：选项B，C和D都是出自本段举例中的内容，各自都是表现现代办公室用于和过去的区别的例子，而非观点性内容，所以都可以排除。32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to Ahistorical incidentsBgender differenceCsports cultureDathletic executives试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干中的“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary定位到文章第二段第一句。首句指出办公室用语现在以团队为导向的方式并不是偶然（not by coincidence）。第二句用祈使句指出这和体育是有关系的。第三句开始连续出现coach，team等词汇，以道理论证的方式指出团队以及领导人在美国公司文化中的重要性。因此选项C是正确的。干扰排除：选项A和B在第二段中并没提到，可以直接排除。选项D是对本段中的coach一词的引申，但是属于对coach的字面意义的理解，原文并不是说运动员类的管理人员，而是指由coach（领导）所带领的团队（team），因此D也可以排除。33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to Arevive historical termsBpromote company imageCfoster corporate cooperationDstrengthen employee loyalty试题类型：观点题解题思路：通过题干人名定位到原文第三段第二句。题目考察的是引入术语的目的是什么。第三段首句就指出这样做可以提高雇员对公司的忠诚度（increase allegiance to the firm）。虽然第二句没有明确提到忠诚度这个内容，但是句中的vision，value，passion等都是常见的让员工和公司价值观保持一致的习惯用语。第二句其实是对首句做道理论证。因此选项D是正确的。干扰排除：选项A对应第三段第二句中的historically used to be