2018职称英语理工A完型填空经典知识点复习考点归纳总结（word).doc

第十二篇fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of chargeso that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at imperial college londonsuggest in a newstudy statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”ldl” cholesterol in the blood. a wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack risk . in a paper published in the american journal of cardiology，dr darrel francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin isenough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake dr francis，from the national heart and lung institute at imperial college london，who is the senior author of the study, said:”statins dont cut out a11 of the unhealthyeffects of cheeseburgers and french friesits better to avoid fatty food altogetherbut weve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. it makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of chargeit would cost less than 5 pence per customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” dr francis said when people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take measurethat lower their risk, 1ike wearinga seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. taking a statin is a rational way ofloweringsome of the risks of eating a fatty meal第十五篇“liquefaction” key to much of japanese earthquake damagethe massive subduction zone earthquake in japan caused a significant level of soilliquefaction that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.weve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in japan were unusually severe, said scott ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at oregon state university. entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments, ashford said. the shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function . we saw some places that sank as much as four feet.some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. its a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. this can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .but most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in japan, ashford said. the length of the japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.with such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw howstructures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes, he said. and it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.the data provided by analyzing the japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenonand better prepare for it in the future. ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, beforedamage was removed in the recovery efforts.theres no doubt that well learn things from what happened in japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar events , ashford said. future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.ashford pointed out that northern california have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction -on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. the young sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. in oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown portland, the portland international airport and other cities.anything neara river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the oregon department of transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. fewer than15percent of them have been reinforced to precent collapse. japan has suffered tremendous losses in the march 11 earthquake, but japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse -even as they tilted and sank into the ground.free statins with fast food could neutralize heart risk第十四篇sharks perform a service for earths waters it is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1: they are thought toattack_people frequently. but these fish2perform a valuable_service for earths waters and for human beings. yet business and sport fishing3are threatening their existence. some sharks are at risk of disappearing from_earth. warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. many fish swim near coastal areas_because of_their warm waters. experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,_where_people also swim. in fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. they are thought to mistake a person_for_a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. that is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. those are the_times_when sharks are looking for food. experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack. ashark has an extremely good sense of smell4. it can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body