城镇化对金融市场的影响

2013 年中央经济工作会议上城镇化建设被提到前所未有的高度。城镇化对统筹城乡发展和 扩大投资消费具有十分重大意义，但是城镇化需要巨大的资金支持，依靠政府财力很难满 足城镇化快速发展的需要，这就要积极发挥金融业的资金融通功能和优势，推动城镇化健 康、持续发展，同时城镇化也将有力的促进我国金融市场的发展。 In 2013 central economic work conference urbanization construction have been referred to an unprecedented height. To balance urban and rural development of urbanization and expand consumption has very great significance to investment, but the urbanization needs huge capital support, rely on the government financial resources is hard to meet the needs of the rapid development of urbanization, it will be a positive play in the financial sector financing function and advantages, promote the healthy and sustainable development of urbanization, urbanization also will powerfully promote the development of financial market in China. 一、推动城镇化地区金融服务新需求的产生 A new demand of financial services, promote urbanization area 首先，当前我国新兴产业的快速发展尤其是部分地区的产业集聚区的建设（如苏州工 业园区）对金融提出了新要求，中央经济工作会议提出的新型城镇化是以新型工业化为基 础的，一方面，成长型企业不断增多、产业跨区域转移不断加速等特点在新型工业化过程 中逐步显现，这就要求金融业开发出更多适合新型工业化发展的新服务和新产品；另一方 面，以生物、微电子、现代物流等领域的金融需求在逐渐增加；其次，按照科学发展观的 指引，建设新型城镇要更加重视生态环境的建设，不断构建人与自然和谐相处，更加宜居 的城市，而且随着人们生活水平的提高，对这方面的要求也会越来越高，就需要金融支持 生态城市建设。最后，新型城镇化以人为本提出了更高的金融需求，就是着力解决当前的 现实社会问题，解决农民进城难的问题，要解决金融支持三农发展的问题，要让更多的农 民从土地中解放出来，促进农村劳动力转移到城市中去，不断提高城市人口的比例。同时， 还要努力解决农民进城后的生计问题，让农民进城有业可就，能够更好的生活下去，能够 享受到城镇化带来的种种便利，这都需要金融提供资金。 First of all, the current our country the rapid development of emerging industries, especially in some parts of the industry gathering area construction, such as suzhou industrial park) puts forward new requirements on finance, the central economic work conference, put forward a new type of urbanization is a new industrial base, on the one hand, growth companies growing, accelerating industry cross-regional transfer characteristics in the process of new industrialization appeared gradually, which requires the financial industry to develop more suitable for new industrialization development of new services and products; On the other hand, such as biology, microelectronics, modern logistics in the field of financial demand is gradually increasing; Secondly, according to the guidance of scientific view of development, construction of new towns should pay more attention to the construction of the ecological environment, constantly construct the human and the nature harmonious get along, more livable city, and as people living standard rise, also will be more and more high to the requirement, you need financial support for the ecological city construction. Finally, new urbanization people-oriented higher financial demand, is to address the current reality of social problems, solve the farmers into the city, it is difficult to / / / solve the problem of financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, to let more liberated from the land of farmers, promote rural labor transfer to city, improving the proportion of urban population. At the same time, try to solve the problem of the livelihood of farmers into the city after, let farmers into the city with industry can, to live better, to be able to enjoy the convenience brought about by the urbanization, the need to finance. 二、加快城镇化地区金融服务理念的转变 Second, speeding up urbanization area financial service concept 从我国当前的社会现实看，金融在支持“三农”的服务理念和管理念等方面与城镇化 发展对金融服务的需求尚有较大差距，城镇化有利于金融机构尤其是农村金融机构更好满 足农户和城镇中小企业需求，不断适应我国一直存在的城乡二元结构特点。在这个过程中， 金融机构要不断摆脱把主要精力都放在城市的惯性思维，不断认识小城镇和农村也是我国 金融领域需要重点拓展的领域，实行更加精细化的管理，努力打造精品银行，特色银行， 以推动城镇化快速、健康发展。特别是在城镇化过程中，对于地方性金融机构，如一直扎 根农村的农信社，要不断摆脱在传统上单纯靠增加网点来扩大业务量的粗放经营模式，努 力转变金融服务理念，坚持走差异化、特色化发展道路，充分认识到自己的比较优势，遵 循稳健经营，秩序发展的审慎经营理念。 Looked from our country current social reality, and finance in support of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers“ service concept and management thought and urbanization development the demand for financial services has bigger gap, urbanization is advantageous to the financial institutions especially in the rural financial institutions to better meet the demand of farmers and towns small and medium-sized enterprises, constantly adapt to exist in our countrys urban and rural dual structure characteristics. In this process, financial institutions to get rid of the main energy in the city of inertial thinking, constantly meet small towns and rural areas is also our country areas of financial sector need to focus on developing, implementing more sophisticated management, efforts to create super Banks, characteristics, rapid and healthy development of urbanization to promote. Especially in the process of urbanization, the local financial institutions, such as has been rooted in rural areas, rural credit cooperatives to get rid of the traditional pure by increasing network to expand business on the mode of extensive management, efforts to shift the financial service concept, adhere to the differentiation, characteristic development road, fully realize its own comparative advantages, adhere to prudent management and orderly development of prudent business philosophy. 三、引导金融资源向城镇化地区倾斜 Third, guide urbanization area for financial resources 城镇化涉及基础设施建设、产业聚集、服务业发展、保障房及商品房建设、居民消费 等多个重要领域，再加上产业转型、消费升级蕴含着大量多元化的金融需求，将积极吸引 金融资源向城镇化地区倾斜。一方面随着城镇化的发展，金融网点向小城镇集中，金融网 点布局更加优化，能够为经济发展提供更加便利的金融服务，如结算、汇兑、信托、消费 / / 信贷、证券投资等，以满足城镇化过程中产生的各种金融服务需求；另一方面，政府明确 了城镇化的战略方向，要在货币信贷政策上给予优惠，要在涉农再贷款及涉农资金的补贴 上增加力度，让更多的资金投入到城镇化的建设中去，以吸引金融资金流入城镇化地区和 领域。 Urbanization involved in infrastructure construction, industry clustering, service industry development, affordable housing and commercial housing construction, residents consumption, and many other important areas, coupled with the industry transformation and consumption upgrade contains a large number of diversified financial demands, will actively attract the financial resources to urbanization region tilt. On the one hand, with the development of urbanization, the financial network to concentrate in small towns, financial distribution network more optimization, is able to provide more convenient financial services for economic development, such as settlement, exchange, trust, consumer credit, securities investment and so on, in order to meet the demand of produce all kinds of financial services in the process of urbanization; , on the other hand, the government has been clear about the strategic direction of the urbanization, to give preferential policy in money and credit, in agriculture further credits and agricultural funds subsidies increase strength, make more money to the urbanization construction, to attract financial inflows into urbanization regions and areas. 四、促进城镇化地区金融服务产品的创新 4, promote urbanization areas of financial services products innovation （一）融资模式创新 (a) financing mode innovation 城镇化有利于进一步探索灵活多样的投融资途径，形成多元化的融资方式。各金融机 构要根据各地不同的气候自然等条件，开发出适合受农民欢迎的金融产品，在创新融资方 式时要千方百计的为农民着想，开发出的产品要易懂实用，能切实解决城镇化中农民的现 实需要。 Urbanization is helpful to further explore the investment and financing way of agile diversity, form a diversified financing mode. Across all financial institutions according to the different natural condition such as climate, developed is suitable for the financial products, popular with farmers in innovative financing way to one thousand party hundreds of the interests of farmers, to develop products to simple and practical, can effectively solve the urbanization of farmers real needs. 同时城镇化有利于建立更加专业的农村信贷机构，开发出更多的农村金融产品，更好 的为农民服务，开辟农村城镇建设的专项贷款， 形成对农业的扶助开发贷款、农村小额信 用贷款、农户联保贷款等多样化小额信贷产品。 At the same time, urbanization is beneficial to build a more professional rural credit agency, to / / / develop a more rural financial products, better services for farmers, opening up the rural towns construction special loan, to help develop agricultural loan, rural small credit loan, farmers group lending and other diversified microfinance products. （二）担保方式创新 (2) the guarantee mode innovation 金融支持城镇化有一个十分重要的问题需要解决，即农民要获得资金要需要相应的担 保物，目前在我国，农民的宅基地和其上的建筑物是不能抵押的，农民对耕地有只有使用 权，因此农民要获得资金很难找到很是的担保物。金融机构在这个过程中，要不断的创新， 不断拓展抵押物的范围，比如林权抵押，目前就是比较常见的一种担保方式，目前在一些 林区比较常见。 Financial support of urbanization have a important problem need to solve, namely the farmer to receive money to need corresponding collaterals, at present in our country, farmers land and the buildings on it cannot be mortgaged, farmers of arable land is only right to use, so the farmers it is difficult to find a very yes collateral to get money. Financial institutions in the process, to constantly innovation, constantly expanding the scope of the mortgaged property, such as forest right mortgage, is now more common a way of guarantee, at present in some of the more common. （三）保险业务创新 (3) the insurance business innovation 城镇化有利于农业保险的形成，有关部门将积极探索适合城镇化发展的农业保险业务 模式，将促进保险机构开发出适合城镇化的险种，并将借鉴国外先进的保险经验，不断扩 大保险市场。随着城镇化的不断推进，像车险、寿险等农民很少投保的险种也将会随着城 镇化的不断推进而不断增加在农村的普及率。并且随着投保人数的增加，整体风险大大降 低，各种农业保险业务的发展是减少城镇化所带来的金融风险的有益保障。 Urbanization is beneficial to the formation of the agricultural insurance, relevant departments will actively explore the development of urbanization of the agricultural insurance business model, to promote insurance insurance institutions to develop suitable for the urbanization, and to draw lessons from foreign advanced experience in insurance, continuously expand the insurance market. With the advancement of urbanization, farmers rarely like car insurance, life insurance the ins