职称英试理工a级2004年试题及简析答案

第第 l 部分：词汇选项部分：词汇选项(第第 115 题，每题题，每题 1 分，共分，共 15 分分) 下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与画线部分 意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth Atake out Bbreak off Cpush in Ddig up 2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September Aplay Bshow Csend Dtell 3 This table is strong and durable Along-lasting Bextensive Cfar-reaching Deternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired Afired Bresigned Cdied Dretreated 5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror Asmiling Blaughing Cshouting Dstaring 6 The index is the governments chiefgauge of future economic activity Ameasure Bopinion Cmethod Ddecision 7 Its sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first Aworkable Breasonable Cpossible Davailable 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water Aboiled Bpolluted Cmixed Dsweetened 9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position Amaintain Bbetter Cacquire Dsupport 10 She stood there，trembling with fear Ajumping Bcrying Cmoving Dshaking 11 Medical facilities are being upgraded Aexpanded Brepaired Cimproved Dtransferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous Ainteresting Bdangerous Cattractive Duseful 13 John is eligible for this job Aaccepted Brecommended Crejected Drecommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production Ainvolve Bdecrease Cspeed up Dgive up 15 Mary looked pale and weary Aworried Bugly Csilly Dexhausted 第第 2 部分：阅读判断部分：阅读判断 (第第 1622 题，每题题，每题 1 分，共分，共 7 分分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在 答题卡上把 B 涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday eveningThe storms were dramatic and dangerous George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的)cloud was behind him “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloudIt was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a whileIt was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared ”Snyder said Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern 0hio on SaturdayIn Trumbull County，a tornado turned trees onto their sidesSome trees fell onto houses and carsOther trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began “I knew something was wrong, ”he said “I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the houseI started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection ” The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the areaIt will take a long time and much money to repair everythingThere was also serious water damage from the thunderstormsThe heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the riverMore than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull CountyThe river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high waterThis made it difficult for fire trucks，police Cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safetySome people reported five feet of water in their homesLocal and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走) The Red Cross served meals to them “This was a really intense storm， ”said Snyder “People were afraidMother Nature can be fierceWe were lucky this timeNo one was killed” 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter 2004 年职称英语考试理工类 A 级试题及答案 A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项 中为第 1-4 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27,-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选 择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South CarolinaWhen she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take actionJoying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaignShe raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches deanWith the help of othersJoying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic icecream bucketsThe buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beachThe buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beachTwo years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片) 2 People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Coloradohave Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa RiverThe plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1. Working with the Colorado Division of WildlifeCarter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living thereThey also made decisions aboutamong other things。where fences and parking areas should be built 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oilIt started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。TexasThey did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areaswhere people live off the water on their 1andThe girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issueNowthe“Dont Be Crude”program runs oilcollection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil 4 Five years ago11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking waterHis dream began in the first grade when he 1earned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well “We really take water for granted， ”says Ryan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada “In other countriesyou have to plan for it ”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation，which raises money for clean water and healthrelated services for people in African countries and developing countries 23 Paragraph 1 24 Paragraph 2 25 Paragraph 3 26 Paragraph 4 A Provide Clean Water B Dig 0il Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife 27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to 30 Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to 第 4 部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分) 下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每道题后面有 4 个选项。请根据文章的内容， 从每题所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial successfew nations can match GermanySince the 1 940sthe nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from scienceAnd though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰 退 1 over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create soughtafter technologiesBut today the Fraunhofer institutes have competitionUniversities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all overThese efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic successbut it is not without its critics These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideasIf every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiositydriven，flee and widely available will SufferOthers claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years mile this debate continuesnew ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and LeibnizYet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 peopleIt continues to growLast year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in BerlinToday, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? A Technology transfer B Good management C Hard work D Fierce competition 32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? A It is free B It is profitdriven C It is widely available D It is curiositydriven 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in A Asia B USA C Europe D Africa 34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded? A In 1940. B Last year C After the unification D In 1949. 35 The word “expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by A “experts” B “scientists” C “scholars” D “special knowledge” 第二篇 Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winterwith the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by icecold highperformance cablesOther American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years aheadwhich could conserve enormous amounts of power The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductorsA superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistanceResistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric currentAll common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistanceThey convert at 2004 年职称英语考试理工类 A 级试题及答案 least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heatSuperconductors dont No one understands how superconductivity worksIt just does Making superconductors isnt easyA superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to 10se its resistanceThe first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to 一 263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistanceNewer superconducting materials 10se their resistance at 一 143 degrees Celsius The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copperoxygenbismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)and calcium(钙)A ceramic is a hardstrong compound made from clay or mineralsThe superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance Because cooled superconductors have no resistancethey waste much less power0ther cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve powertoo 36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? A With a flip of swishelectricity can be transmitted B Other American cities can benefit from the highperformance cables C Great amounts of power can be conserved D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables 37 Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors A have little or no electrical resistance B Can be used for along time C are not energy-efficient D can be made easily 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? A-143 degree Celsius B 一 263 degree Celsius C As long as it is ice-cold D Absolute zero 39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature? A Copper B Liquid nitrogen C Clay D Calcium 40 According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true? A Other cities hope they Can also conserve power B Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon C Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance D The Fribie experiment is not successful 第三篇 The Science of the Future Until recently，the“science of the future”was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligenceToday it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination Of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineeringThis combination is the science of biotechnology Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materialsHowever, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also tO absorb moistureNothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength1ightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects Neverthelessscientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in“growing”a material that has many of the characteristics of human skinThe next step may well be“biotech hearts and eyes”which can replace diseased organs in human beingsThese will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promisingIn 1996 the famous sciencefiction writer，Arthur CClarke，many of whose previous predictions have come true。said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energySome of these power sources will be biologicalClarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sourcesCoal，oil and gas are indeed convenientHowever，using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollutionIt will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problemsBefore we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear powerOnly a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless，cheap and safe energyToday those promises 1ie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl，in the UkraineBiotechnology is unlikelyhowever, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way 41 According to the passage，the science of the future is likely to be A electronics B biotechnology C genetic engineering D nuclear technology 42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are A as good as w001. B as good as an insects body C not as good as natural materials D better than natural materials 43 According to thepassage，it may soon be possible A to make something as good as human skin B to produce drugs without side effects C to transplant human organs D to make artificial hearts and eyes 44 In 1996. Arthur CClarke predicted that A biological power sources would be put into use soon B oil，gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future C dependence on nonrenewable power sources would be reduced soon D the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years 45 What do we learn from the last paragraph? A Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems B Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power C Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power D Biological power will keep all its promises 第 5 部分：补全短文 (第 4650 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位 置上。 Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people，it just doesnt seem logicalBut it is logical，say experts。if you understand what call happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room Under the right conditions，peoples minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence，and the pressure put on suspects during police questioning is enormous (46)“The pressure is important to understand，because otherwise its impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didnt doThe answer is：to put all end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess