artOne模块基础知识复习必修5Unit1Greatscientists单元重点突破.ppt

Unit 1 Great scientists 必修5 .重点单词 1. defeat 【双语释义】 defeat vt. win a victory over (sb.); overcome打败；战 胜；使受挫 n. defeating or being defeated失败 【金典例句】 (1) They were defeated in the football match. (2) 他们在足球赛中输了。 (2) He was disappointed by his defeat. 失败让他沮丧。 (3) The hopes were defeated. 希望落空了。 (4) Our men were heavily defeated in the battle. 我军在此战役中受到重创。 【归纳*拓展】 defeat sb./sth.击败某人或某事 defeat sb. by sth.以什么击败某人 2.attend 【双语释义】 attend：vt. give practical consideration to sb./sth.; take care of (sb.); look after; be present at照顾；护理；出席；参 加 【金典例句】 (1) They had a quiet wedding only a few friends attended (it). 他们的婚礼静悄悄的只有几个朋友参加。 (2) Dr Smith attended her in hospital. 史密斯医生在医院中给她治病。 (3) He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他没有出席会议。 【归纳*拓展】 attend school上学 attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼/参加典礼 3. expose 【双语释义】 expose：vt. uncover or leave sb./sth./oneself uncovered or unprotected暴露；揭露；使曝光 【金典例句】 (1) He exposed the plot to the police. (2) 他向警察揭发了这个阴谋。 (2) We expose the goods for sale. 我们陈列商品以便推销。 (3) You shouldnt expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks. 你不应该让 士兵们冒不必要的危险。 【归纳*拓展】 expose sth. to sb.揭发 expose oneself to sb.s influence使自己受某人的影响 expose.to.“把暴露于之下(之中)，使受 到作用” be exposed to view暴露无遗，被展示，暴露 4. cure 【双语释义】 cure：vt. make sb. healthy again治愈某人 n.C act of curing or process of being cured治疗； 治 愈 【金典例句】 (1) We must cure the child of bad habits. 我们必修纠正孩子的坏习惯。 (2) When I left the hospital I was completely cured. 出院时，我已经痊愈了。 (3) Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今为止癌症有没有有效的治疗方法？ (4) Theres no known cure for AIDS. 治疗艾滋病尚无良方。 【归纳*拓展】 cure sb. (of sth.) 治好某人(的) cure for sth. 治疗的方法 5. challenge 【双语释义】 challenge：n. a call to engage in a contest, fight, or competition 挑战 vt. call (to sb.) to take part in a game, contest, fight etc to prove who is better 向挑战 【金典例句】 (1) They had challenged and beaten the best team in the world. 他们曾向世界上最强的球队挑战并将他们打败。 (2) This career offers a challenge.这份职业具有挑战性。 (3) She challenged the newspaper to prove its story. 她要求这家报纸证实报 道的真实性。 (4) He challenged my view on that matter. 他就我对那件事的看法提出异议。 【归纳*拓展】 challenge sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 issue a challenge发出挑战 accept a challenge接受挑战 6. suspect 【双语释义】 suspect：vt. feel doubt about (sth.); mistrust怀疑(某事 物)，不信任 n. person suspected of a crime, etc.嫌疑犯， 可疑对象 【金典例句】 (1) I suspect the truth of her statement. 我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。 (2) The police are interrogating two suspects. 警方正在审讯两个嫌疑犯。 【归纳*拓展】 suspect sb. (of sth./doing sth.)怀疑某人有某罪 7. blame 【双语释义】 blame：v. consider or say that sb. is responsible for sth. done (badly or wrongly) or not done 责备；指责 【金典例句】 (1) The children were not to blame. 孩子们不应受到谴责。 (2) Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English. 很多孩子害怕说英语时犯错误而受责备。 (3) The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving. 警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。 【归纳*拓展】 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人 做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for) 应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责 备(此处不能用被动语态) 8. pollute 【双语释义】 pollute：vt. dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use 污染；弄脏 【金典例句】 (1) Rivers in this country were polluted with chemical waste from factories. 这个国家的河流受到工厂排放的化学废料的污染。 (2) I feel it is our duty not to pollute our environment. 我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。 (3) Violence on television is polluting the minds of our children. 电视上的暴力行为正污染着我们的儿童的心 灵。 【归纳*拓展】 pollute sth. (with sth.) 污染或弄脏某物 pollute sb.s mind 污染某人的心 9. handle 【双语释义】 handle：n. part of a tool, door, drawer, etc, by which it may be held, carried or controlled柄；把手 vt. deal with, manage or control (people, a situation, a machine, etc)处理；操纵 【金典例句】 (1) I turned the handle and opened the door. 我转了转拉手，把门打开。 (2) I thought he handled the situation very well. 我想他很好地处理了此事。 (3) I didnt know how to handle these people. 我不知道如何对付这些人。 【归纳*拓展】 handle sb. kindly 善待某人 Handle with care! 小心轻放！ up to the handle 美彻底地； 完全地； 极度地 10. link 【双语释义】 link：vt. to make a connection between two or more people, things or ideas连接；联系 n. a connection between two people, things or ideas连接 ；联系 【金典例句】 (1) Television stations around the world are linked by satellite.全世界的电视台通过卫星联系在一起。 (2) Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime. 指纹证实 了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。 (3) A new road to link (up) the two motorways has been built.连接两条高速公路的新路已经修好了。 【归纳*拓展】 link.to.将和联系或连接起来 link up (with) 连接，结合 link.with / to. 把与连接，联系起来 11. announce 【双语释义】 announce：vt. to make known publicly宣布：通告 【金典例句】 (1) The captain announced that the plane was going to land. (2) 机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。 (2) They announced their engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布他们已经订婚了。 【归纳*拓展】 announce sth. (to sb.) It is / was announced that 从句：据宣传 . 重点词组 1. put forward 【双语释义】 put forward: to suggest a plan, proposal etc, for other people to consider or discuss提出(意见、建议) 【金典例句】 (1) He puts forward several interesting plans. 他提出了几项让人感兴趣的计划。 (2) Its an explanation often put forward by our friend. 这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。 (3) She was the skilled old worker, who put forward a good idea. 她就是那个出了一个好主意的有经验的老工人。 【归纳*拓展】 put in打断；插嘴，进港 put off 推迟；延期 put on 穿；上演 put away 放好 put down写下 put on weight发福 put out生产、扑灭 2. draw a conclusion 【双语释义】 draw a conclusion: decide something because of information you have得出结论 【金典例句】 (1) Wed better lay our heads together before we draw a conclusion.在下结论之前我们最好是一起讨论讨论 。 (2) Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong. 你的信息不准确，所以你的结论是错误的。 (3) What conclusion did you come to? 你得出了什么结论？ 【归纳*拓展】 reach a conclusion/make a conclusion 得出结论 come to a conclusion/draw a conclusion 得出结论 arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 3. apart from 【双语释义】 apart from: without considering; except for 除之外； 此外 【金典例句】 (1) Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher. 除了几点不足外，他是个值得信赖的老师。 (2) Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. 他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。 【归纳*拓展】 in addition to除之外(包括在内) besides 除之外(包括在内) except (for) 除之外 (不包括在内) except that 除之外 (不包括在内) 4.(be) strict with. 【双语释义】 (be) strict with.: greatly limiting someones freedom to behave as they wish对严格的 【金典例句】 (1) Be strict with oneself and lenient towards others 严于律己，宽以待人 (2) He is very strict with his students. 他对学生非常严格。 (3) We must be strict about this problem. 我们必须严肃对 待这个问题。 【归纳*拓展】 be strict about/ in sth.对某事很严格 5. make sense 【双语释义】 make sense: be reasonable or logical or comprehensible讲 得通；有意义 【金典例句】 (1) Can you make sense of what this author says? 你懂得这位作家所讲的话吗？ (2) It doesnt make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. 这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可。 【归纳*拓展】 make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没有道理；没有意义 in a sense 就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不是，决非 . 重点语语句 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每当(疾病)突发时发时 ，总总有成 千上万惊恐的老百姓。 【剖析】 (1) 本句是一个复合句，every time引导导的是一个时间时间 状语语从句，意思是“每当”，相当于“when”。此状 语语从句中还还有一个“there be”结结构。 (2) So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。 类似的时间状语归纳 ： (1) each time 每次；每当 (2) at the time 在时候 (3) any/next/the first/the last time 意为“任何/下一次/第一 次/最后一次” (4) the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引导时间 状语从 句。意为“一就”。 2. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.他对两个关于霍乱 为什么能致人死亡的理论感兴趣。 【剖析】 (1) how引导的特殊疑问句是宾语从句。 (2) he became interested in two theories explaining是主句 。 (3) 主句是“主系表”结构： become在此处为系动词，意为“变得；成为”，表示的 是动态过 程，become ill表示“患病；得病”。通常be 形容词表示静态，be ill意为“病了；病着”。 3. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳作为 (太阳系)的中心，其他星球的运动才讲得通。 【剖析】 (1) if 引导状语从句表“只有”。 (2) only 放在句首用来加强语气。 (3) 以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时， 为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。如： Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功。 4. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位 置上，而行星则围绕 着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地 球转。 【剖析】 with the planets going round it是with 宾语 宾语补 足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在 句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、副 词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词等。 . 课文佳句背诵与仿写 1【原句】John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医 生他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇 的私人医生。 两个简单句合并成一句，可很好地运用破 折号引出补充说明的文字，并在其中加入插入语。 模仿1 张老师是个热心的老师。他那么善良，我想， 当有学生生病时他一定会帮助他们的。 提示 热心的：warmhearted adj. 答案 Mr. Zhang is a warmhearted teacherso kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say, that he is sure to help his students when they are ill. 模仿2 李平是我们班一位用功的学生。他那么勤奋， 我想晚上不到11点他是不会上床睡觉的。 提示 用功的，勤奋的：hardworking/ diligent; 直到 才：not.till/until. 答案 Li Ping is a hardworking boy in my classso diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所 有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太 阳系的中心。 冒号加that从句充当同位语从句 模仿1 虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据 得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。 提示 搜集证据：collect evidence(s)；欺骗：cheat vt. 答案 Though she didnt believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boyfriend cheated her. 模仿2 他很聪明，但他不勤奋。他这学期所经历的失 败得出的结论是：不劳不获。 提示 经历失败：experience the failure; 得出结论：lead to the conclusion; 不劳不获： no pains, no gains 答案 Though he was very clever，he didnt