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油底壳的成型工艺与模具设计【机械类毕业-含CAD图纸】,机械类毕业-含CAD图纸,油底壳,成型,工艺,模具设计,机械类,毕业,cad,图纸

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译文题目： 油底壳的成型工艺与模具设计 外文原文: Stamping Die DesignThe wide variety of sheet metal parts for both the automobile and electronic industries is produced by numerous forming processes that fall into the generic category of sheet-metal forming. Sheet-metal forming ( also called stamping or pressing )is often carried out in large facilities hundreds of yards long.Another factor that one sees standing next to such lines is the number of different sheet-forming operations that automobile panels go through. Blanks are created by simple shearing, but from then on a wide variety of bending, drawing, stretching, cropping , and trimming takes place, each requiring a special, custom-made die.Despite this wide variety of sub-processes, in each case the desired shapes are achieved by the modes of deformation known as drawing, stretching, and bending. The three modes can be illustrated by considering the deformation of small sheet elements subjected to various states of stress in the plane of the sheet. Figure 1 considers a simple forming process in which a cylindrical cup is produced from a circular blank.Figure 1 Sheet forming a simple cupDrawing is observed in the blank flange as it is being drawn horizontally through the die by the downward action of the punch. A sheet element in the flange is made to elongate in the radial direction and contract in the circumferential direction, the sheet thickness remaining approximately constant Modes of sheet forming are shown in Figure 2.Figure2 Modes of sheet formingStretching is the term usually used to describe the deformation in which an element of sheet material is made to elongate in two perpendicular directions in the sheet plane. A special form of stretching, which is encountered in most forming operations, is plane strain stretching. In this case, a sheet element is made to stretch in one direction only, with no change in dimension in the direction normal to the direction of elongation but a definite change in thickness, that is, thinning.Bending is the mode of deformation observed when the sheet material is made to go over a die or punch radius, thus suffering a change in orientation. The deformation is an example of plane strain elongation and contractionA complete press tool for cutting a hole or multi-holes in sheet material at one stroke of the press as classified and standardized by a large manufacturer as a single-station piercing die is shown in Figure3.Any complete press tool, consisting of a pair( or a combination of pars ) of mating member for producing pressworked (stmped）parts, including all supporting and actuating elements of the tool, is a die. Pressworking terminology commonly defines the female part of any complete press tool as a die.The guide pins, or posts, are mounted in the lower shoe. The upper shoe contains bushings which slide on the guide pins. The assembly of the lower and upper shoes with guide pins and bushings is a die set. Die sets in many sizes and designs are commercially available. The guide pins are shown in Figure 3. Figure3 Typical single-station die for piercing hole1Lower shoe 2,5Guide bushings 3Cavity plate 4Guid pin 6Spring-loaded stripper 7Punch 8Support plate 9Punch bushing 10Fan-shaped block 11Fixed plate 12Punch-holder plate 13Backing plate 14Spring 15Stepping bolts 16Upper shoe 17ShankA punch holder mounted to the upper shoe holds two round punches (male members of the die) which are guided by bushings inserted in the stripper. A sleeve, or quill, encloses one punch to prevent its buckling under pressure from the ram of the press. After penetration of the work material, the two punches enter the die bushings for a slight distance.The female member, or die, consists of two die bushings inserted in the die block. Since this press tool punches holes to the diameters required, the diameters of the die bushings are larger than those of the punches by the amount of clearance.Since the work material stock or workpiece can cling to a punch on the upstroke, it may be necessary to strip the material from the punch. Spring-loaded strippers hold the work material against the die block until the punches are withdrawn from the punched holes. A workpiece to be pierced is commonly held and located in a nest (Figure 2-3) composed of flat plates shaped to encircle the outside part contours. Stock is positioned in dies by pins, blocks, or other types of stops for locating before the downstroke of the ram.Bending is one of the most common forming operations. We merely have to look at the components in an automobile or an appliance-or at a paper clip or a file cabinet-to appreciate how many parts are shaped by bending. Bending is used not only to form flanges, seams, and corrugations but also to impart stiffness to the part ( by increasing its moment of inertia ).The terminology used in bending is shown in Figure 4. Note that, in bending, the outer fibers of the material are in tension, while the inner fibers are in compression. Because of the Poissons ratio, the width of the part (bend length, L) in the outer region is smaller, and in the inner region is larger than the original width. This phenomenon may easily be observed by bending a rectangular rubber eraser. Minimum bend radii vary for different metals, generally, different annealed metals can be bent to a radius equal to the thickness of the metal without cracking or weakening. As R/T decreases (the ratio of the bend radius to the thickness becomes smaller), the tensile strain at the outer fiber increases, and the material eventually cracks (Figure 5). Figure 4 Bending terminologyFigure5 Poisson effect The minimum bend radius for various materials is given in Table 1 and it is usually expressed in terms of the thickness. such as 2 T, 3 T, 4T.Table 1 Minimum bend radius for various materials at room temperatureMaterialConditionSoft HardAluminum alloys06TBeryllium copper04TBrass,low-leaded02TMagnesium 5T13TSteelsAustenitic stanless0.5T6TLow-carbon,lowalloy,HSLA0.5T4TTitanium0.7T3TTitanium alloys2.6T4TNote :Tthickness of material Bend allowance as shown in Figure 4 is the length of the neutral axis in the bend and is used to determine the blank length for a bent part. However, the position of the neutral axis depends on the radius and angle of bend (as described in texts on mechanics of materials).An approximate formula for the bend allowance, Lb is given byLb= (R十kT) Where Lbbend allowance, in (mm). bend angle, (radians) (deg). Tsheet thickness, in (mm). Rinside radius of bend, in (mm). k0.33 when R is less than 2T and 0.50 when JR is more than 2T.Bend methods arc commonly used in press tool. Metal sheet or strip, supported by-V bockFigure 6(a),is forced by a wedge-shaped punch into the block. This method, termed V bending, produces a bend having an included angle which may be acute, obtuse, or 90.Friction between a spring-loaded knurled pin in the vee die and the part will prevent or reduce side creep of the part during its bending. Edge bending Figure 6(b) is cantilever loading of a beam. The bending punch forces the metal against the supporting die. The bend axis is parallel to the edge of the die. The workpiece is clamped to the die block by a spring-loaded pad before the punch contacts the workpiece to prevent its movement during downward travel of the punch.Figure 6 Bending methodsBending Force can be estimated by assuming the process of simple bending of a rectangular beam. The bending force in that case is a function of the strength of the material. The calculation of bending force is as follows:P=KLST2/W Where P-bending force, tons (for metric usage, multiply number of tons by 8.896 to obtain kilonewtons).Kdie opening factor: 1.20 for a die opening of 16 times metal thickness, 1.33 for an opening of 8 times metal thickness.Llength of part, in.Sultimate tensile strength, tons per square in.Wwidth of V or U die, in.Tmetal thickness, in.For U bending (channel bending) pressures will be approximately twice those required for V bending, edge bending requires about one-half those needed for V bending.Springback in that all materials have a finite modulus of elasticity, plastic deformation is followed, when bending pressure on metal is removed, by some elastic recovery (see Figure 7). In bending, this recovery is called springback. Generally speaking, such a springback varies in sheet from 0.5to 5, depending upon finite modulus of elasticity, modes of bending, clearance of die and so on, but phosphor bronze may spring back from 10to15. Figure 7 Springback during bending Methods of reducing or eliminating springback in bending operations can be made according to the following operations, shown in Figure 8, and parts produced in bending die are also overbent through an angle equal to the springback angle with an undercut or relieved punch.外文资料翻译译文:冲压模具设计对于汽车行业与电子行业，各种各样的板料零件都是有各种不同的成型工艺所生产出来的，这些均可以列入一般种类“板料成形”的范畴。板料成形（也称为冲压或压力成形）经常在厂区面积非常大的公司中进行。落料是简单的剪切完成的，然后进行不同类型的加工，诸如：弯曲、拉深、拉延、切断、剪切等，每一种情况均要求特殊的、专门的模具。而且还有大量后续的加工工艺，在每一种情况下，均可以通过诸如拉深、拉延与弯曲等工艺不同的成形方法得到所希望的得到的形状。根据板料平面的各种各样的受应力状态的小板单元体所可以考虑到的变形情形描述三种成形，原理图1描述的是一个简单的从圆坯料拉深成一个圆柱水杯的成形过程。图1 板料成形一个简单的水杯拉深是从凸缘型坯料考虑的，即通过模具上冲头的向下作用使材料被水平拉深。一个凸缘板料上的单元体在半径方向上被限定，而板厚保持几乎不变。板料成形的原理如图2所示。拉延通常是用来描述在板料平面上的两个互相垂直的方向被拉长的板料的单元体的变形原理的术语。拉延的一种特殊形式，可以在大多数成形加工中遇到，即平面张力拉延。在这种情况下，一个板料的单元体仅在一个方向上进行拉延，在拉长的方向上宽度没有发生变化，但是在厚度上有明确的变化，即变薄。图2 板料成形原理弯曲时当板料经过冲模，即冲头半径加工成形时所观察到的变形原理，因此在定向的方向上受到改变，这种变形式一个平面张力拉长与收缩的典型实例。在一个压力机冲程中用于在一块板料上冲出一个或多个孔的一个完整的冲压模具可以归类即制造商标准化为一个单工序冲孔模具，如图3所示。图3 典型的单工序冲孔模具1下模座 2、5导套 3凹模 4导杆6弹压卸料板 7凸模 8托板 9凸模护套 10扇形块 11固定板 12凸模固定板 13垫块 15阶梯螺钉 16上模座 17模柄任何一个完整的冲压模具都是有一副（或多副的组合）用于冲制工作的（冲压）零件组成，包括：所有的支撑件部分与模具的工作部分零件，即构成一副冲模。冲压（术语）通常将完整压制工具的凹模（母模）部分定义为模具。导杆，或导柱，是安装在下模座上的。上模座则安装有用于导杆滑动的导套，分别装有导套与导杆的上模座与下模座组合成为木架。模架有许多规格与结构设计用于商业销售。安装在上模座上的凸模固定装置固定两个凸模（模具中的突出部分），这两个圆形凸模则通过插入在卸料板上的导套进行导向。套筒，或凸模护套，是用来保护冲头，以免在冲压过程中被卡住。在冲穿工件材料后，两个冲头便进入到凹模一定距离。凹模（母模）部分，即凹模，通常是由插入模具体内的两个模具导套组成的。因为冲头的直径是被冲孔的直径所要求的，所以有一定间隙的凹模直径是大于冲头直径的。由于工件材料坯料或工件在冲制回程时与冲头附连在一起，所以把材料从冲头上剥离是必需的。弹压卸料板则保持冲头在冲制工件回程时缩回，使工件与工件剥离。一个冲制的工件通常是留在漏料槽内的，漏料槽是由包含整个零件外轮廓的平板组成。模座是由销钉支撑板以及其他的滑块下行程时定位的挡料块等定位的。弯曲时一种最常见的成形工序。当我们仅将目光移至汽车或电器上的部件，或一个剪纸机或档案柜上时，就会发现许多零件都是由弯曲成形的。弯曲不仅可以用来成形法兰、接头、波纹，也可以提高零件的强度（通过增加零件的惯性矩）。图4 弯曲术语弯曲中所用的术语，如图4所示，应该注意的是，在弯曲中材料的外纤维是处于拉应力状态，而材料的内纤维则处于压应力状态。由于泊松比原因，在外部区域的零件（弯曲长度L）是小于原始宽度，处于内部区域的则比原始宽度大。这种现象可在弯曲一个矩形的橡胶板擦时容易观察到的。最小弯曲半径对于不同的金属是变化的。一般而言，各种退火的金属板在没有断裂或变弱的前提下，可以弯曲成一个等同金属板厚的半径。随着R/T比值的减少（弯曲半径对厚度的比值变小），外纤维的拉应力增加，材料最终断裂（参见图5）。图5 泊松效应不同材料的最小弯曲半径参考表1，他通常是按照不同板厚来表示的，诸如：2T，3T，4T等。表1 在室温状态下各种材料的最小弯曲半径材料状态软硬铝合金06T钕青铜合金，钕合金04T黄铜，低铅02T镁5T13T钢奥氏体不锈钢0.5T6T低碳钢，低合金钢，高强度铅合金0.5T4T钛0.7T3T钛合金2.6T4T注：T材料厚度。弯曲容许范围，是指弯曲中的中性线（层）的长度，用来确定弯曲零件的坯料长度。然而，中性线（层）的位置是哟弯曲角度（正如在材料力学课本中所描述）来决定的。弯曲容许范围（Lb）的近似的公式为：Lb=(R+kT) 式中：Lb弯曲容许范围，毫米； 弯曲角度（弧度），度； T金属板厚，毫米； R弯曲内层半径，毫米； k当半径R2T时为0.33，当半径R2T时为0.50。弯曲方式通常用于冲压模具。金属钢板或带料，由V形支撑，参见图6（a）在楔形冲头的冲压力作用下进入V形模具内弹簧加载压花销和零件之间的摩擦将会防止或减少零件在弯曲期间的边缘滑移。棱边弯曲，参见图6（b）是悬臂横梁式加载方式，弯曲冲头对相对支撑的凹模上的金属施加弯曲力。弯曲轴线是与弯曲模具的棱边相平行的。在冲头接触工件之前，为了防止冲头向下行程的位移，工件则被一个弹性加载垫片加紧模具体上。图6 弯曲方式弯曲力的大小是可以通过对一根矩形横梁的简单弯曲的工艺过程的确定来估算。在此情况下的弯曲力是材料强度的函数，此弯曲力的计算式为：P=KLST2/W式中：P弯曲力，吨（对于米制使用单位，吨乘以8.896数值以得到千牛顿单位）； K模具开启系数：16倍材料厚度（16T）时的开启系数为1.20，8倍材料厚度（8T）时的开启系数为1.33; L零件长度，英寸; S极限张力强度，吨/平方英寸； WV或U形模具的宽度，英寸； T材料厚度，英寸。对于U形弯曲（槽形弯曲），弯曲力大约是V形弯曲所需要的弯曲压力的两倍，棱边弯曲则大约是V形弯曲所需要的弯曲压力的1/2。回弹。所有金属材料均有一个固定的弹性模量，随之而来的是塑性变形，当施加在材料上的弯曲力消除时就会有一些弹性恢复（见图7）。在弯曲过程中这种恢复称为回弹。一般而言，这样的回弹在0.55之间变化，取决于固定的弹性模量、弯曲方式、模具间隙等。磷青铜的回弹则在1015之间。图7 弯曲中的回弹减少或消除在弯曲工序中回弹方法可以根据下列工艺方法进行，如图8所示，在弯曲模具中产生的零件也可以通过等同回弹角度弯曲模上挖凹模或弹性缓冲式弯曲模而被过度弯曲来减少或消除回弹。外文原文:A mold maintenance essentials Progressive die maintenance, must be careful, patient, step by step and avoid blindly engaged. Form removal due to malfunction when the tape must be attached to the issue of the inquiry. Open the mold, the care with, check the mold situation, identifying the reasons of failure to identify the problems, then clean up the mold, washed debris and other material before proceeding to form removal. Form removal, the force should be uniform. Spring in the mold for the discharge (fixed) between the plate and stripper plate mold structure, the demolition of their discharge board should ensure balanced pop. Discharge board tilt could lead to mold punch fracture.1.1 Maintenance of punch and die Convex, concave mold removal, be alert to the situation of the original mold to facilitate follow-up to put on a convenient recovery. Replacement of punch should look through the stripper plate is smooth. The total length of the model for the maintenance of kyphosis shorter, just add spacers to the length required, should check the adequacy of the effective length of the punch. Use of the new punch or die inserts, we should pay attention to the treatment area clean angle. Concave angle for clear grinding wheel wear, will produce smaller R, the relative in the convex Department, should also be man-made repair the R, in order to meet the reasonable space. Prominent position on the forming of small should pay more attention. Replace broken punch, should check the reason, at the same time check whether the die has caused chipping, grinding edge is not required. Die assembly, should be the level of placement, and then more flat iron placed on the mold core with a copper rod to gently knock place, and must not depend strongly inclined while typing (if necessary, can punch the bottom corner Dispose of R in order to easily import), as Shouli Bu assembly are, in the die to be formed under the additional gaskets, generally not more than two (and as far as possible the use of steel pad), otherwise easily lead to the breaking or forming die Size instability (particularly bending). Such as punch and punch assembly is completed, should take care of the necessary checks whether all parts installed wrong or counter-mounted, check whether the flip-die core phenomenon occurred only after confirmation or mold stripper plate assembly. Note that do confirmation stripper plate locking screws in order to obtain sufficient locking force. Lock should be from the inside out, balanced cross-locking force, not a locking one another screw lock screw again, otherwise it will result in lower die punch fracture or accuracy. 1.2 Maintenance of discharge board Stripper plate demolition, available balance Lever 2 screwdriver, and then balance to force their hands out. Case of difficult to remove, should check whether mold clean up, tighten the screws have all been demolished, whether caused by card materials such as mold damage. Ascertain the cause for further appropriate treatment, must not blind disposal. Combined discharge board, first punch and stripper plate clean, punch in the lead column and Import Department, lubricating its stable place, use rubber hammer or a knock to the appropriate location of copper balance, and then press in place with both hands, and repeated several times. If too tight, should investigate the reasons: guide pin and guide bushing are properly oriented, the site has not damage the new-for-piece has to make appropriate arrangements (such as the punch is also chamfered, whether through the stripper plate, etc.) find out the cause, and then properly disposed of. Stripper plate and the die contact surface between the materials, time stamping produce indentation (stripper plate and the die gap between the content material is generally reduced material thickness 0.03-0.05mm, when the indentation serious, will affect the suppression of material precision, resulting in product size exception, instability takes on the plate inserts and the stripper plate to repair or re-grinding. high-precision sleeve should be inspected when it does not lead to high discharge plate tilt, its precision oriented, smooth suppress function will be destroyed, must be protected. 1.3 oriented site inspection Guide posts, guide sleeve with clearance to whether there are burns or wear marks, mold-oriented to the oil states are normal, should be made available. Oriented parts of the wear and accuracy of damage and reduce the precision of mold, mold problem occurs in all parts, it must be for proper maintenance and regular replacement. Check the accuracy of guidance materials and parts, if the guide pin wear materials, tape has been lost due to correct the accuracy and features necessary to be replaced. Check spring conditions (top feed springs and spring discharge, etc.), depending on whether the fracture, or prolonged use has not yet broken, but lost the original fatigue strength, must be regular maintenance, replacement, or will die damage or production is not smooth. 1.4 die gap adjustment Positioning hole punch on the punch due to frequent wear and tear caused by a combination of many times, resulting in relatively large gap after assembly (assembly resulting from loose) or uneven gaps (produced positioning error), will result in worse shape punching section after the punch easily broken, resulting burr, etc., after punching through the section on state inspection for proper gap adjustment. Gap hours, sections less space is large, the cross section more and more flash in order to shift the way to get a reasonable gap, adjust, they should be appropriately recorded in the holes can be marked, in order to follow-up maintenance operation. Daily production of the collection and conservation status of the original mold better when the tape, such as the follow-up production is not smooth or Die mutation, the repair can be used as a reference die. In addition, the auxiliary systems such as the top sales are expected to wear, whether the roof material, lead is pin and bushing is worn, should pay attention to check and maintain. 2 die of the Common Breakdown 2.1 stamping surface, spicule Edge wear or chipping, should be re-grinding. Cutting edge grinding capacity should be to open a new blade (wear parts have been removed) shall prevail. Forming parts by using different processing methods, their life is different, grinding should pay attention to, taking into account the convenience of additional pads. Each edge of the grinding should be for all the male and female die edge, otherwise it will result in frequent maintenance and edge grinding, anti-so production is not smooth. Die clearance is unreasonable, even after re-grinding cutting edges, the effect is poor, and so soon, spicule should be checked for punching section shape, made after confirmation of appropriate die gap adjustment. Some material for the next corner or a small protruding parts clear space for proper amplification. Crushed chips produced 2.2 jump Die gap greater edge in the ground die, the jump phenomenon will increase the chip required to improve or modify the precision mold core die design space. Punching speed, the jump debris problem worse, slow down and use the vacuum cleaner should be considered. To improve the shape of the punch, the punch blade surface marble will not easily jump the shape of debris, such as increasing the punch edge surface slope or change of gradient direction. Scrap material punch worn attached to the punch on the rise jump debris, need to grind the punch edge. Punch short to skip chips, be extended, an increase of punch into the die length. In addition, the impact of material (hard, brittle), pressing the oil too viscous or too fast resulting oil droplets attached to the role of scrap material punch vibration of divergence, vacuum adsorption and mold core can be caused by insufficient degaussing and other sweeping up. For the above factors, should be handled accordingly. 2.3 Waste obstruction Materials to pore size is small, especially small protruding parts, can be used for proper amplification. Material debris tumbling, the hole is large for materials, resulting in the formation of material debris tumbling block, need to narrow the pore size for materials or use of vacuum cleaners, surface drip feed too much, the oil viscosity is too high, can control the volume or drip replacement of the kind of oil (lower viscosity). Edge wear, burr waste another hook hanging, dropping litter when squeezed, it may Splitting die, the need for timely grinding edge. Blade surface of the die poor, such as surface roughness or die overheating, Fenxie sintering and surface in straight edge, so that when the friction material to increase litter exclusion, be on the surface of the die straight blades for disposal. Punch punch shape and edge grinding surface slope is not conducive to Chip for the corresponding improvements. Nature of the sticky, soft materials can also cause difficulties in chip removal. 2.4 Card Information The card material can cause serious mold damage, breakage, chipping, so that the die out of balance, accuracy seriously damaged. Feeding methods and feeding material from the relaxed position and did not adjust well, need to re-make accurate adjustments. Feed from the production process mutate, to re-adjust. The width of difference sizes of material or material arc and excessive burrs should be replaced materials. Mold is improperly installed and the vertical feed mechanism with a larger degree of deviation, re-install the mold. Mold and long distance feed mechanism, material thinner, materials sent to the warping, so not allowed to get away from the can up and down in the neutral position, an additional plate, or squeeze the material up and down additional material safety testing switch, so that feeding exception in time to stop punching. Die Top discharge poor pull bending mode above office materials such as cards, check out the stretch less than the top, top out too long, the top block (pin) poor processing, careful observation and then to take corresponding countermeasures. 2.5 punch fracture Jump caused by various factors crumbs (the mold of a foreign body), waste materials are leading to obstruction and card punch fracture. Also, start feeding time (red semi-material), mold-oriented and unloading inserts are not allowed to wear oriented sites, the need for regular maintenance. Molding material chosen is not appropriate, for a small punch to make structural design improvements, increased size, and in the end will increase punching out part of the edge removed. Large and small punch close fitting and traction caused by the material fracture punch, to strengthen guidance to protect, or increase the size of punch, punch a small mill short a material thickness. Stamping space too small, need to step up. Improper selection of stamping oil (volatile) or without stamping stamping oils, resulting in increased wear and tear or punch edge chipping, fracture, etc., need to replace the kind of oil and control oil press oil drops. 2.6 warp processing Edge wear, so that the sizes of materials change. Glitch may cause too much bending follow-up mutations, need to grind or replaced. Feeding and not allowed to guidance material, material with no time to relax, or guide pin diameter is less than (wear) is not an accurate guide, need to re-adjust the feed length and relaxation time, or replacement of guide pin. Size are not allowed to die forming positioning accuracy less or wear, resulting in dimensional changes stamping, to be re-grinding or replacement. Slip material, resulting in bending or size changes when punch (stirring, eccentricity, shape, asymmetry, etc.), should be noted that adjustment of binder, and the preceding Cutting edges can not be large, otherwise the negative shape of the follow-up. Stripper plate and the contact material and the bending punch press, etc. generated pressure loss, wear, resulting in changes in size and shape forming the negative, to be re-grinding or replacement of punch. Variation of the mechanical properties of materials, thickness of the width of the error, caused changes in the size of formed parts required to appropriate conditions on the feed control. Add more bending parts washer, it will lead to bending dimensions forming instability, the overall use pads. In addition, the die hole to make way too small, poor porosity, result in ejection molding process variation, depending on the specific situation to overcome. 2.7 Die improper maintenance The not-for-change, not tighten the screws, assembly error, or failure to recover its original state, will lead to more serious mold damage, must be addressed. In short, for the progressive die stamping production occurred in the fault, need to do specific analysis, mold maintenance is often neglected areas, such as precision mold-oriented, guided precision and mold materials used in the spring, will affect the mold of other various parts, must make regular inspection and maintenance. Accumulated in the production and maintenance data to develop proper die, that the implementation of regular maintenance, the mold accident nipped in the bud, so to prolong the life of the die, the purpose of reducing production costs 外文翻译:模具的维护要领 级进模的维护，须做到细心、耐心、按部就班，切忌盲目从事。因故障拆模时，需附有料带，以便问题的查询。打开模具，对照料带，检查模具状况，确认故障原因，找出问题所在，再进行模具清理，清洗掉料屑等，方可进行拆模。拆模时，受力要均匀。针对卸料弹簧在上模(固定)板与卸料板之间的模具结构形式，其卸料板的拆卸，应保证平衡弹出。卸料板的倾斜有可能导致模内凸模断裂。 1.1凸凹模的维护 凸、凹模拆卸时，应留意模具原有的状况，以利后续装模时方便复原。更换凸模时，应看通过卸料板是否顺畅。针对维修后凸模总长度变短，需加垫片达到需要的长度时，应检查凸模有效长度是否足够。使用新凸模或凹模镶块时，要注意清角部位的处理。内凹清角因研磨中砂轮的磨损，会有较小R产生，相对在外凸处，亦需人为修出R，以使配合间隙合理。对成形的细小突出部位更需注意。更换已断凸模，应查其原因，同时对凹模进行检查是否已引起崩刃，是不是需研磨刃口。组装凹模，应水平置入，再用较平的铁块置于模芯上用铜棒将其轻轻敲到位，切不可斜置而靠强力敲入(必要时，可在模芯底部角倒出R以便容易导入)，组装时如受力不均，在凹模下加设垫片应平整，一般不超过两片(且尽可能使用钢垫)，否则容易引发凹模的断裂或成形尺寸不稳定(特别是弯曲成形)。凸模及模芯等组装完毕，应对照料带作必要检查，各部位是否装错或装反，检查凹模芯有无倒装现象发生，确认无误后方可组装卸料板或合模。注意做卸料板螺丝的锁紧确认，以便获得足够的锁紧力。锁紧时应从内到外，平衡用