轿车后轮鼓式制动器设计【机械类毕业-含CAD图纸】
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机械类毕业-含CAD图纸
轿车
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制动器
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机械类
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cad
图纸
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轿车后轮鼓式制动器设计【机械类毕业-含CAD图纸】,机械类毕业-含CAD图纸,轿车,后轮,制动器,设计,机械类,毕业,cad,图纸
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2016年 03月 10日FuelSupplySystemForAnInternalCombustionEngine AbstractApulsationdamperisprovidedbetweenandinserieswithalowpressurefuelsystempipeandahighpressurepumpofafuelsupplysystem.Duringstartupofanengine,lowpressurefuelsuppliedviathelowpressurefuelsystempipeisinjectedfromanintakepassagefuelinjector.Whenthefuelpressureisequaltoorlessthanafuelpressureatwhichgoodstartabilitycanbemaintained,thepulsationdamperclosesoffcommunicationbetweenthehighpressurefuelsystempipeandthelowpressurefuelsystempipeusingthespringforceofaspring.Keywords:Fuelsupplysystem;AninternalcombustionengineApulsationdamper;Alowpressurefuelsystempipeandahighpressurepump;Afuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionengine,comprising:alowpressurepumpthatiscapabletopressurizefuel;alowpressurefuelsupplypassagethatiscapabletosupplyfuelthatwaspressurizedbythelowpressurepumptoalowpressurefuelinjectionmechanismwhichinjectsfuelintoanintakepassage;abranchpassagethatbranchesofffromthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthroughwhichthefuelthatwaspressurizedbythelowpressurepumpflows;ahighpressurepumpwhichiscapabletopressurizethefuelsuppliedviathebranchpassage,thehighpressurepumpbeingdrivenbytheinternalcombustionengine;ahighpressurefuelsupplypassagethatiscapabletosupplyfuelthatwaspressurizedbythehighpressuretoahighpressurefuelinjectionmechanismwhichinjectsfuelintoacylinder;andapulsationreducingmechanismprovidedonanintakesideofthehighpressurepump,wherein,whentheinternalcombustionengineisstartedbyonlyinjectingfuelfromthelowpressuresupplypassageintotheintakepassage,thepulsationreducingmechanismclosesoffcommunicationbetweenthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthehighpressurefuelsupplypassageuntilapressureoffuelinthelowpressurefuelsupplypassagereachesapredeterminedpressurevaluerequiredforstartingtheinternalcombustionengine.Backgroundoftheinvention:1.FieldoftheInventionTheinventionrelatestoafuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionengineprovidedwithafuelinjectionmechanismthatinjectsfuelathighpressureintoacylinder(i.e.;afuelinjectorforin-cylinderinjection,hereinafterreferredtoas“in-cylinderfuelinjector”)andafuelinjectionmechanismthatinjectsfuelintoanintakepassageoranintakeport(i.e.,afuelinjectorforintakepassageinjection,hereinafterreferredtoas“intakepassagefuelinjector”).Moreparticularly,theinventionrelatestoafuelsupplysystemthatcanimprovestartabilityofaninternalcombustionengine.2.DescriptionoftheRelatedArtAgasolineengineisknownwhichisprovidedwithafastfuelinjectionvalveforinjectingfuelintoacombustionchamberoftheengine(i.e.,anin-cylinderfuelinjector)andasecondfuelinjectionvalveforinjectingfuelintoanintakepassage(i.e.,anintakepassagefuelinjector),anddividestheinjectedfuelbetweenthein-cylinderfuelinjectorandtheintakepassagefuelinjectoraccordingtotheenginespeedandengineload.Also,adirectinjectiongasolineengineisalsoknownwhichisprovidedwithonlyafuelinjectionvalveforinjectingfuelintothecombustionchamberoftheengine(i.e.,anin-cylinderfuelinjector).Inahighpressurefuelsystemthatincludesanin-cylinderfuelinjector,fuelofwhichthepressurehasbeenincreasedbyahighpressurefuelpumpissuppliedtothein-cylinderfuelinjectorviaadeliverypipe.Thein-cylinderfuelinjectortheninjectsthehighpressurefuelintothecombustionchamberofeachcylinderoftheinternalcombustionengine.Inaddition,adieselengineisalsoknownwhichhasacommonrailtypefuelinjectionsystem.Inthiscommonrailtypefuelinjectionsystem,fuelwhichhasbeenincreasedinpressurebyahighpressurefuelpumpisstoredinacommonrail.Thehighpressurefuelistheninjectedintothecombustionchamberofeachcylinderofthedieselenginefromthecommonrailbyopeningandclosinganelectromagneticvalve.Inordertoincreasethepressureof(i.e.,pressurize)thefuelinthiskindofinternalcombustionengine,ahighpressurefuelpumpisprovidedwhichisdrivenbyacamprovidedonadriveshaftthatisconnectedtoacrankshaftoftheinternalcombustionengine.JapanesePatentApplicationPublicationNo.JP-A-2005-139923describesahighpressurefuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionenginethatcanreducevibrationalnoisewhenonlyasmallamountoffuelisrequiredbytheinternalcombustionengine,suchasduringidling,whilebeingabletodeliverthenecessaryamountoffuelovertheentireoperatingrangeoftheinternalcombustionengine.Thishighpressurefuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionenginehasatwosingleplungertypehighpressurefuelpumpseachofwhichhaveaspillvalvethatspillsfueldrawnintoapressurizingchamberthatisdividedbyacylinderandaplungerthat movesbackandforthinthecylinder,fromthatpressurizingchamber.Whenfuelispressurizedanddeliveredfromthepressurizingchambertothehighpressurefuelsystem,theamountoffueldeliveredisadjustedbycontrollingthespillvalveopenandclosed.Oneofthesehighpressurefuelpumpsisafirsthighpressurefuelpumpinwhichtheliftamountoftheplungerissmallandtheotherhighpressurefuelpumpisasecondhighpressurefuelpumpinwhichtheliftamountoftheplungerislarge.Inadditiontothesetwohighpressurefuelpumps,thehighpressurefuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionenginealsoincludescontrolmeans.Thecontrolmeanscontrolsthespillvalveofeachhighpressurefuelpumpaccordingtotheamountoffuelrequiredbytheinternalcombustionengine,suchthatfuelispressurizedanddeliveredusingonlythefirsthighpressurefuelpumpwhentheamountofrequiredfuelissmall,andfuelispressurizedanddeliveredusingatleastthesecondhighpressurefuelpumpwhentheamountofrequiredfuelislarge.Accordingtothishighpressurefuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionengine,ofthetwohighpressurefuelpumps,thefirsthighpressurefuelpumphasaplungerwithasmallliftamountsotherateofpressureincreaseissmallandalargeamountofwaterhammerisalsoself-suppressed.Thatis,withthehighpressurefuelsupplysystem,thevibrationalnoiseproducedwhentherequiredfuelquantityissmallcanbepreferablyreducedbycontrollingthespillvalveofeachofthehighpressurefuelpumpssothatonlythefirsthighpressurefuelpumpisusedwhentheamountoffuelrequiredfortheinternalcombustionengineissmallsuchasduringidling.Ontheotherhand,thesecondhighpressurefuelpumphasaplungerwithalargeliftamountsopressurizinganddeliveringfuelusingatleastthissecondhighpressurefuelpumpalsomakesitpossibletodelivertherequiredfuelquantitywhentheamountoffuelrequiredbytheinternalcombustionengineincreasestothepointwhereitcannolongerbedeliveredbythefirsthighpressurefuelpumpalone.Thatis,providingtwohighpressurefuelpumpshavingplungerswithdifferentliftamountsinthiswayenablestherequiredamountoffueltobedeliveredthroughouttheentireoperatingrangeoftheinternalcombustionengine,whilereducingvibrationalnoisewhentheamountofrequiredfuelissmall.InJapanesePatentApplicationPublicationNo.JP-A-2005-139923,thehighpressurefuelsupplysystemforaV-type8cylinderinternalcombustionenginehavinganin-cylinderfuelinjectorineachcylinderisprovidedwithahighpressurefuelpumpforeachbank.Tipendsthatbranchofffromalowpressurefuelpassagewhichisconnectedtothefueltankareconnectedtogalleriesofthesehighpressurefuelpumps.Foreachbank,apulsationdamperisprovidedmidwaybetweenthebranchportionofthelowpressurefuelpassageandtheportionthatconnectswiththegallery.Thispulsationdampersuppressesthepulsationinthefuelpressureinthelowpressurefuelpassagewhenthehighpressurefuelpumpisoperating.Atenginestartupinthiskindofadirectinjectionenginehavingonlyanin-cylinderfuelinjector,fuelisunabletobedeliveredbythehighpressurefuelpumpuntiltheengineturnsover.Therefore,lowpressurefuelisdeliveredbyafeedpumptothefuelinjectionforin-cylinderinjection.Therefore,thepulsationdamperisdesignedtoprovidecommunicationbetweenthehighpressurepipesystemandthelowpressurepipesystem.Forexample,FIG.6isasectionalviewofsuchapulsationdamper215,FIG.7isasectionalviewtakenalonglineVII-VIIofFIG.6,andFIG.8isasectionalviewtakenalonglineVIII-VIIIofFIG.7.AsshowninFIGS.6to8,grooves223A,223B,223C,and223Dareprovidedinanendface(i.e.,theuppersurfaceinFIG.8)thatabutsagainstacontactingmember226Aofthepulsationdamper215.Therefore,whenthefeedpressureislow,thespring226Dpressesthecontactingmember226Aagainsttheuppersurfaceofthememberthatformstheinlet222andtheoutlet224.Inthisway,thestructureissuchthatevenifpressureisappliedbythespring226D,thegrooves223A,223B,223C,and223Denablefueldeliveredfromtheinlet222(i.e.,thefeedpumpside)toflowintotheoutlet224(i.e.,thehighpressurefuelpumpside)asshownbythedottedlineinFIG.8.Ontheotherhand,asdescribedabove,anengineisknownwhichincludes,foreachcylinder,anin-cylinderfuelinjectorthatinjectsfuelintoacombustionchamberoftheengineandanintakepassagefuelinjectorthatinjectsfuelintoanintakepassage.Inthisengine,fuelisinjecteddividedbetweenthein-cylinderfuelinjectorandtheintakepassagefuelinjectoraccordingtotheenginespeedandtheloadontheinternalcombustionengine.ThisengineisalsoprovidedwiththepulsationdampershowninFIGS.6to8.However,inthiskindofengine,thefollowingproblemsoccurwhenstartingtheenginebyinjectingfuelwithanintakepassagefuelinjector.Whenfuelisdeliveredbyafeedpumpatenginestartup,thevolumeofpipethatneedstobechargedwithfuelbecomessignificantlylarger.Thatis,whentheengineisstartedwithfuelinjectedfromtheintakepassagefuelinjector,despitethefactthatfuelcanbedeliveredtotheintakepassagefuelinjectorwiththefeedpumpbysimplychargingonlythelowpressurepipewithfuel,thepulsationdamperisstructuredsuchthatthehighpressurepipesystemandthelowpressurepipesystemarecommunicatedoropentooneanother.Therefore,fuelisunabletobedeliveredtotheintakepassagefuelinjectorbythefeedpumpunlessboththelowpressurepipeandthehighpressurepipearechargedwithfuel.Asaresult,ittakestimeforthefeedpressuretorise,therebyadverselyaffectingstartability(i.e.,increasingthestarttime).SummaryoftheinventionThisinventionthusprovidesafuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionengine,whichiscapableofimprovingstartabilityofaninternalcombustionenginethatincludesafuelinjectionmechanismforinjectingfuelathighpressureintoacylinder(i.e.,in-cylinderfuelinjector)andafuelinjectingmechanismforinjectingfuelintoanintakepassageoranintakeport(i.e.,anintakepassagefuelinjector).Afirstaspectoftheinventionrelatestoafuelsupplysystemforaninternalcombustionenginewhichincludesalowpressurefuelsupplypassagethatsuppliesfuelthatwaspressurizedbyalowpressurepumptoalowpressurefuelinjectionmechanismwhichinjectsfuelintoanintakepassage;abranchpassagethatbranchesofffromthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandsuppliesfueltoahighpressurepumpthatisdrivenbytheinternalcombustionengine;ahighpressurefuelsupplypassagethatsuppliesfuelthatwaspressurizedbythehighpressurepumptoahighpressurefuelinjectionmechanismwhichinjectsfuelintoacylinder;andapulsationreducingmechanismprovidedontheintakesideofthehighpressurepump.Thepulsationreducingmechanismclosesoffcommunicationbetweenthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthehighpressurefuelsupplypassagewhenapressureoffuelinthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageislowerthanapredeterminedvalue.Accordingtothisfirstaspect,thehighpressurepumpwhichisdrivenbytheinternalcombustionenginedoesnotoperateduringstartupoftheinternalcombustionengine.Inthiscase,theinternalcombustionengineisstartedbyinjectingfuelthathasbeenpressurizedbythelowpressurepumpfromthelowpressurefuelinjectionmechanismviathelowpressurefuelsupplypassage.Inthiscase,duringstartupoftheinternalcombustionenginewhenthepressureoffuelinthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageislow,thepulsationreducingmechanismclosesoffcommunicationbetweenthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthehighpressurefuelsupplypassage.Therefore,fuelcanbedeliveredtothelowpressurefuelinjectionmechanismsimplybychargingthelowpressurefuelsupplypassagewithfuelusingthelowpressurepump.Accordingly,thereisnoneedtochargethehighpressurefuelsupplypassagewithfuelusingthelowpressurepumpsothelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthebranchpassagethatprovidescommunicationbetweenthelowpressurefuelsupplypassageandthehighpressurepumpcanbechargedwithfuelquickly,andfuelcanbequicklyinjectedfromthelowpressurefuelinjectionmechanism.Asaresult,startabilityofaninternalcombustionengineprovidedwithafuelinjectionmechanismthatinjectsfuelathighpressureintothecylinderandafuelinjectionmechanismthatinjectsfuelintotheintakepassageorintakeportcanbeimproved.内燃机的燃油供应系统摘 要在低压燃油供应系统管道和燃油供应系统的高压泵之间有一系列的有节奏的脉动衰减节气阀。在发动机启动的阶段，通过低压燃油系统管道，低压燃油从一燃油喷射机中被喷入。当燃油的压力与维持发动机在稳定状态时所需的燃油压力相同时或稍低时，此时有节奏的脉动衰减节气阀，在弹簧的弹力作用下关闭了高压燃油系统管道与低压燃油系统管道之间的通路。关键词：内燃机；燃油供应系统；脉动衰减节气阀；低压燃油供应系统管道和高压泵。内燃机的燃油供系统，包括：一台能给燃油加压的低压油泵、一个能供应低压油泵所加压的燃油通道，同时能把燃油输送到低压燃油抵押燃油喷射机构的入口处；一个分岔来自上面低压燃油供应通道、并且流经分支通道的燃油在流经低压燃油泵时被加压；一台能给通过上面的分支通道供应的低压燃油进行加压的高压油泵，这台高压燃油泵通过内燃机而驱动；高压燃油供应通道能够将燃油喷入汽缸的高压燃油喷射机构提供被加压的燃油；同时一个有规律的衰减机构本安装在高压泵入口的一侧，在哪儿，当内燃机启动的时候，喷射入口处的燃油仅仅来自低压燃油供应通道，此时这个有规律衰减机构经低压燃油供应通道与高压燃油供应通道之间的通道关闭，直到低压燃油供应通道中的燃油压力达到了内燃机开始要求所预定的压力值时才开启。发明背景1.发明的领域这个发明是关于为内燃机燃油供应系统提供一个将燃油在较高压力下将其喷入汽缸的燃油喷射机构（汽缸内燃油喷射，在下文涉及的是“缸内燃油喷射”）和一个将燃油喷入进口通道或端口喷射的燃油喷射机构（进口通道燃油喷射，在下文提到的“进口燃油喷射”）。尤其是这个发明所关于的燃油喷射供应系统能提高内燃机的工作稳定性。2.相关技术的介绍众所周知，汽油机配备了一个将燃油快速喷入发动机燃烧室的燃油喷射阀和一个将燃油快速喷入进气管道的二次燃油喷射阀（进气管道燃油喷射器）。区分在汽缸内燃油喷射和进气管道燃油喷射是依据发动机的速度和负荷。同时我们知道，直喷式汽油机仅仅配备了一个将燃油喷入发动机燃烧室的燃油喷射阀（汽缸内燃油喷射器）。在一个包括汽缸内燃油喷射器的高压燃油的高压燃油系统中，被高压油泵所加压的燃油通过一个传送管道而被供应到汽缸内燃油喷射器中。然后，这个汽缸内燃油喷射将高压燃油喷入内燃机每个汽缸的燃烧室中。总而言之，我们知道柴油机有一个共同的横杆类型的燃油喷射系统，在这个共同的横杆类型的燃油喷射系统中，被高压油泵所加压的燃油被存储在共同的横杆中。通过电磁阀的开启和关闭将共同横杆中的高压燃油喷射到柴油机的每个汽缸的燃烧室中。为了增加这种类型内燃机的燃油压力，提供了一种与内燃机的曲轴相连的凸轮推杆所驱动的高压燃油泵。日本申请的专利号为：JP-A-2005-139923的专利介绍了一个当内燃机所需燃油的数量很少时，能减少针对噪声的内燃机高压燃油供应系统。例如，待机时，能将必要数量输送到内燃机的全部工作领域。这种内燃机的高压燃油供应有一个有两个独立柱塞式的高压燃油泵，他们中有一个溢流阀将溢流出的燃油吸取到被一个汽缸和在汽缸中前后移动的柱塞所分开的压力室中，当燃油从压力室中加压和输送到高压燃油系统时，燃油输送的数量是通过控制溢流阀的开启和关闭来调整的。在这些高压燃油泵之一的是在首次高压燃油泵中提起的柱塞的量很小，另外一个高压燃油泵是一个二次高压燃油泵，在其中说提起的柱塞的量较大。总之在这两个高压燃油泵中，内燃机的高压燃油供应系统中包括了控制方式。这种控制每个高压油泵的溢流阀的控制方式是依据内燃机所需燃油量，如当所需燃油量较少时，燃油的加压和输送仅使用一次高压油泵；当所需燃油较大时，燃油的加压和输送，则要使用二次高压油泵。依据这种内燃机的高压燃油供应系统，两个高压燃油泵，一次高压燃油泵有一个提升量较的柱塞，以致于压力增加速度较慢。那就是，有了这个高压燃油供应系统，当所需燃油数量较少时所产生的振动噪声能够通过控制高压燃油泵的溢流阀得到很好的降低，以致于当内燃机所需的燃油量较小，如待机时，只要一次高压燃油泵工作。在另一方面，二次高压油泵有一个提升量较大的柱塞，因而其压力和输送量在二次高压油泵下，可能输送到内燃机所需燃油的增加处，而这却是在单依靠一次高压油泵的输送是不可能完成的。在这种方法下适当数量的燃油被输送到内燃机的整个工作领域，从而当所需燃油量小时，能减小振动噪声。在日本专利局申请的专利号为：JP-A-2005-139923，一个型号为V-8内燃机高压燃油供应系统中有一个缸内喷射器，在每一个汽缸中配备了一个高压油泵。与燃油箱相连的低压燃油通道分支的末端被连接到这些高压油泵的端口上。对每一油泵组，脉动衰减节流阀被安装在低压燃油通道的分支部与连
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