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毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过进行本次毕业设计，全面系统地对学生进行设计方法和研究方法的基本训练。要求学生树立正确的设计思想，培养学生进行科学的研究。学生能独立进行资料的收集、加工与整理，能综合运用科学的理论、知识和技能，锻炼独立解决设计问题的能力，图纸绘制规范，符合国家标准，编写符合要求的设计说明书并答辩，从而使学生树立严谨、实事求是的科学态度，并掌握工程设计的一般程序规范和方法。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 本课题为镗套座两侧面4M10螺纹底孔组合钻床及夹具设计。组合机床要求完成对镗套座两侧面4M10螺纹底孔的加工，年生产纲领2万台以上，加工对象：镗套座两侧面加工孔的具体要求见图纸。要求完成组合钻床三图一卡设计、夹具装配图及主要零件图设计。 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 详细完整的毕业设计说明书一份；相关图纸一套；外文参考资料及译文。 4主要参考文献： 1 谢家瀛. 组合机床设计简明手册M.北京: 机械工业出版社，2002. 2 陈立德.机械制造装备设计M.北京:高等教育出版社，2010. 3 沈阳工业大学、大连铁道学院、吉林工业学院编. 组合机床设计M. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社，1985. 4 吴宗泽. 机械零件设计手册M. 北京: 机械工业出版社，2004. 5 闻邦椿. 机械设计手册M. 北京: 机械工业出版社，2010. 6 赵如福.金属机械加工工艺人员手册M.上海:上海科学技术出版社，1990. 7 孙丽媛.机械制造工艺及专用夹具设计指导M.北京:冶金工业出版社，2003. 8 李名望.机床夹具设计实例教程M.北京:化学工业出版社，2010. 9 上海柴油机厂研究所编. 金属切削机床夹具设计手册M.北京: 机械工业出版社，1984. 10 李绍珍. 机械制图M. 北京: 机械工业出版社，2002. 11 周鹏翔. 工程制图M. 北京: 高等教育出版社，2000. 12 王伯平. 互换性与测量技术基础M. 北京: 机械工业出版社，2009. 13 滕伟. 组合机床的配置形式及结构方案研究J. 装备制造技术,2011,卷（期）:05期 14 吴立梅. 组合机床发展及相关特点分析J. 科技资讯,2010,卷（期）:08期 15 顾琪等. 组合机床CAD技术的研究现状及进展J.机械设计与制造,2010,卷（期）:07期 16 Hyung Wook Park, Young Bin Park and Steven Y. Liang. Multi-procedure design optimization and analysis of mesoscale machine tools J. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2011, Volume :5 17 C. Brecher, D. Manohran and E. W. E. Stephan Witt. Structure integrated adaptronical systems for machine tools J. Production Engineering,2008, Volume :2 18 J. Fleischer, C. Munzinger and M. Trndle. Simulation and optimization of complete mechanical behaviour of machine tools J. Production Engineering,2008, Volume :2 毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.12.16-2016.3.9 查阅资料，调研撰写开题报告、外文参考资料及译文、论文大纲； 2016.3.9-2016.4.25 设计、计算、绘图；完成论文草稿、设计草图； 2016.4.25-2016.5.6 提交论文定稿及毕业设计图纸； 2016.5.6-2016.5.13 查看答辩安排，准备毕业答辩； 2016.5.13-2016.5.16 答辩。 所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月23 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 一、研究目的及意义我国工业的支柱产业仍然是制造业，而机床行业是制造业的主体和基础产业，而机床改造和组合机床的设计与制造技术广泛应用于汽车、内燃机、航空、航天等行业。随着我国经济的快速发展，我国机床制造业近年来的发展已严重滞后，与工业发达国家形成了较大的差距。我国机床制造行业面临着应对全球贸易竞争，创新发展，实现产业转型和跨越式发展的任务。本文以机械制造业中近年来发展较快的夹具和组合机床为研究重点，并以常见的镗套座零件为例，运用夹具和组合机床设计理论和方法，设计了适用于镗套座零件进行加工制造的专用夹具和专用组合钻床。组合机床是以通用机床零部件为基础，配以根据工件特定形状和加工工艺设计的专用部件和夹具，组成的半自动或自动化专用机床，它是集机电于一体的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备，具有高效、高质、经济实用等特点。随着机械制造业市场竞争的加快，各制造企业为满足市场需求，广泛使用组合机床，根据用户的特殊需求进行设计和生产各种形状、性能各异的机械产品，以增强企业竞争力，大大缩短了机械产品的生命周期。车削加工是在车床上利用工件相对于刀具的旋转运动和刀具的直线运动或曲线运动来改变毛坯的形状和尺寸，进行切削加工的方法。车削加工过程中，工件是提供切削能的主要部件，车刀则是主要的切削刀具。车削加工是最基本、最常见的切削加工方法，在切削加工生产中具有举足轻重的地位。常见的车削加工可以分为车削外圆、车削内圆、车削平面、车削螺纹几类。车削加工技术具有加工生产率较高、易于保证零件各加工表面的位置精度、加工生产成本较低、适于加工材料及设备广泛等特点。夹具是在机械加工过程中使用的用于固定工件，使工件具有确定位置以便保证机械加工精度或检测精度的工艺装备。随着现代工业技术的发展，对机械零部件的技术性能、外形、加工精度和经济性的要求也越来越高，普通夹具常常无法满足现代工业化大批量高效生产的需要，因此，对组合机床的应用及研究逐渐兴起和发展起来。二、国内外研究及发展概况随着机床夹具技术的发展，组合机床的应用日益广泛。欧美发达国家研究学者曾指出，当生产方式进入到多品种化时代时，再重新订购或设置没有柔性的专用设备是严重的错误，在未来，仅能加工单一或少数固定产品对象的专用机床及自动线几乎再也找不到市场。国外工业发达国家近年来相继开发了许多组合机床的新型部件，特别是多坐标部件，使其模块化和坐标化了，适应可调可变、多品种加工的市场需求；有些还通过引进信息通讯技术是现代机床的自动化程度进一步提高，操作者可以通过网络或手机对机床的程序进行远程修改，对运转状况进行监控并积累有关数据。组合机床是集机电一体化的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备。它的特征是高效、高质、经济实用，因而被广泛应用于工程机械、交通、能源、军工、轻工、家电等行业。我国组合机床行业经过几十年的发展已逐渐自成体系，配套齐全的行业，科研和生产能力较强，但由于组合机床行业内企业绝大多数规模较小，市场竞争力较差，一些高水平的组合机床仍然需要从国外进口，与工业发达国家相比有较大差距。我国传统的组合机床及组合机床自动线主要采用机、电、气、液压控制，它的加工对象主要是生产批量比较大的大中型箱体类和轴类零件（近年研制的组合机床加工连杆、板件等也占一定份额），完成钻孔、扩孔、铰孔，加工各种螺纹、镗孔、车端面和凸台，在孔内镗各种形状槽，以及铣削平面和成形面等。组合机床是一种根据用户特殊要求而设计的技术综合性很高的高技术专用产品，它涉及到加工工艺、刀具、测量、控制、诊断监控、清洗、装配和试漏等技术。随着我国加入世贸组织后，我国组合机床行业近年来出现了产、销两旺的良好势头，组合机床行业工业增加值、产品销售率、全员工资总额、出口交货值等经济指标增长迅速，组合机床行业新产品、新技术不断开发和应用。组合机床工业的发展代表了国家的机床装备技术水平，随着机械制造业市场竞争的加剧，组合机床行业正朝着提高组合机床加工精度、柔性、可靠性和成套性的方向发展。我国夹具产业起步于1960年代，同时期组建了天津组合夹具厂、保定向阳机械厂等多个组合夹具元件制造企业，年产组合夹具元件可达800万件。1980年以后，我国每年很多NC机床、加工中心均依赖于从国外进口，并需要配套国外孔系夹具，价格十分昂贵。为了满足我国国内市场需求，我国自主研发和发展了适合NC机床、加工中心的孔系组合夹具系统，有的还出口到美国等国家。近年来，随着数控机床、加工中心、柔性制造单元、柔性制造系统等现代或加工设备的广泛应用，使传统的机械加工的指导方法发生了重大变革，夹具的功能已经从过去的装夹、定位、引导刀具，转变为装夹、定位。而数字化的设备加工功能的广大化。给今后夹具的快速定位、快速装夹提出了更高的要求，使机床夹具朝着高精度、高效化、模块化、通用化和经济化的方向发展。三、参考文献1孟少农.机械加工工艺手册M.北京：机械工业出版社，1992.2吴拓.现代机床夹具设计M.北京：化学工业出版社，2009.3侯世增.装配图的画法机械制图M.北京：高教出版社，1989.4杨黎明.机床夹具设计手册M.北京：国防工业出版社1996.5陈隆德.互换性与测量技术基础M.北京：高教出版社，1988.6李天无.简明工程师手册M.昆明：云南科技出版社，1992.7李庆寿.机床夹具设计M.北京：机械工程出版社1984。8曹龙华.机械原理M.北京：高教出版社，1986.9沈阳工学院等.组合机床设计M.上海：科技出版社，1985.10林文焕，陈本通.机床夹具设计M.北京：国防工业出版社,1987.11王启平.床夹具设计M.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1988.12谢家瀛主编 组合机床简明设计手册M.北京：机械工业出版社,1994.13南京机械研究所.金属切削机床夹具图册M.北京：机械工业出版社,1984.14牛永生,吴隆,李立,姜春鹰.机械制造技术M.西安：陕西科技出版社，2007.15关慧贞,冯辛安.机械制造装备设计M.北京：机械工业出版社,2005.16孟宪栋,机床夹具图册M.北京：机械工业出版社,1992.17濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计M.北京：高等教育出版社,2003.18徐仁发.机床夹具设计M.重庆：重庆大学出版社,1993.19孟少庚.机械加工工艺手册M.北京：机械工业出版社,1992.20戴曙.金属切削机床M.北京：机械工业出版社,1994.毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 三、本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）1、镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔组合钻床的设计1）确定镗套座零件在组合机床上完成的工艺内容及加工方法，选择定位基准和夹紧部位，决定工步和刀具种类及其结构形式，选择切削用量。2）拟定组合机床的配置形式，固定式夹具单工位组合机床可达到的加工精度很高，而移动式夹具多工位组合机床因存在移位和定位误差，其加工精度一般比固定式夹具低，现在我们是要钻孔，对精度要求比较高，所以应选固定式夹具单工位组合机床。3)绘制镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔组合机床的加工示意图，绘制出工件，刀具及导向，托架及多轴箱之间的相对位置及联系尺寸；主轴结构类型，尺寸及外伸长度；刀具类型，数量和结构尺寸；接杆，浮动卡头，导向位置等结构尺寸；刀具，导向套间的配合，刀具，接杆，主轴之间的连接方式及配合尺寸。4)绘制镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔组合机床的结构总图，绘制出组合机床的总体配置形式、主要构成及各部件的安装位置，相互联系，运动关系和操作方位的总体布局图。5）编写镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔组合机床生产率计算卡，生产率计算卡是反映机床生产节拍或实际生产率和切削用量，动作时间，生产纲领及负荷率等关系的技术文件，应根据上述加工示意图进行确定和计算。2、镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔机床专用夹具的设计1）首先绘制镗套座钻4M10螺纹底孔工序图，并将本工序的定位基准，夹压部位及夹紧方向；加工表面的尺寸，精度，表面粗糙度，形位公差等技术要求；被加工零件的名称、编号、材料、硬度及被加工部位的加工余量等完整地重新绘制在图纸上。2）分析镗套座零件的外形及加工特征和技术要求，根据工件的六点定位原理和钻4M10螺纹底孔工序的加工要求，拟定出具体的定位元件和定位方案。3）确定该工序夹紧力的方向，作用点，以及夹紧元件，估算夹紧力大小，选择和设计动力源。4）根据机械制图标准，按照1:1绘制夹具设计装配图。5）绘制夹具体及主要零件图。6）编写夹具设计说明书毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：通过查阅课题的相关资料，就相关的研究目的和发展概况等做出分析，为下一步完成毕业设计任务打下一定基础。2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：本课题的深度、广度适中，工作量适中，预测能较好的完成本次毕业设计。3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 05 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 08 日译文题目： High-speed machining and demand for the development 高速切削加工的发展及需求 2016年 3 月 1 日High-speed machining and demand for the development High-speed machining is contemporary advanced manufacturing technology an important component of the high-efficiency, High-precision and high surface quality, and other features. This article presents the technical definition of the current state of development of Chinas application fields and the demand situation. High-speed machining is oriented to the 21st century a new high-tech, high-efficiency, High-precision and high surface quality as a basic feature, in the automobile industry, aerospace, Die Manufacturing and instrumentation industries gained increasingly widespread application, and has made significant technical and economic benefits. contemporary advanced manufacturing technology an important component part. HSC is to achieve high efficiency of the core technology manufacturers, intensive processes and equipment packaged so that it has a high production efficiency. It can be said that the high-speed machining is an increase in the quantity of equipment significantly improve processing efficiency essential to the technology. High-speed machining is the major advantages : improve production efficiency, improve accuracy and reduce the processing of cutting resistance. The high-speed machining of meaning, at present there is no uniform understanding, there are generally several points as follows : high cutting speed. usually faster than that of their normal cutting 5 -10 times; machine tool spindle speed high, generally spindle speed in -20000r/min above 10,000 for high-speed cutting; Feed at high velocity, usually 15 -50m/min up to 90m/min; For different cutting materials and the wiring used the tool material, high-speed cutting the meaning is not necessarily the same; Cutting process, bladed through frequency (Tooth Passing Frequency) closer to the machine-tool - Workpiece system the dominant natural frequency (Dominant Natural Frequency), can be considered to be high-speed cutting. Visibility high-speed machining is a comprehensive concept. 1992. Germany, the Darmstadt University of Technology, Professor H. Schulz in the 52th on the increase of high-speed cutting for the concept and the scope, as shown in Figure 1. Think different cutting targets, shown in the figure of the transition area (Transition), to be what is commonly called the high-speed cutting, This is also the time of metal cutting process related to the technical staff are looking forward to, or is expected to achieve the cutting speed. High-speed machining of machine tools, knives and cutting process, and other aspects specific requirements. Several were from the following aspects : high-speed machining technology development status and trends. At this stage, in order to achieve high-speed machining, general wiring with high flexibility of high-speed CNC machine tools, machining centers, By using a dedicated high-speed milling, drilling. These equipment in common is : We must also have h igh-speed and high-speed spindle system feeding system, Cutting can be achieved in high-speed process. High-speed cutting with the traditional cutting the biggest difference is that Machine-tool-workpiece the dynamic characteristics of cutting performance is stronger influence. In the system, the machine spindle stiffness, grip or form, a long knife set, spindle Broach, torque tool set, Performance high-speed impact are important factors. In the high-speed cutting, material removal rate (Metal Removal Rate, MRR), unit time that the material was removed volume, usually based on the machine-tool-workpiece whether Processing System chatter. Therefore, in order to satisfy the high-speed machining needs, we must first improve the static and dynamic stiffness of machine spindle is particularly the stiffness characteristics. HSC reason at this stage to be successful, a very crucial factor is the dynamic characteristics of the master and processing capability. In order to better describe the machine spindle stiffness characteristics of the project presented new dimensionless parameter - DN value, used for the evaluation of the machine tool spindle structure on the high-speed machining of adaptability. DN value of the so-called axis diameter per minute speed with the product. The newly developed spindle machining center DN values have been great over one million. To reduce the weight bearing, but also with an array of steel products than to the much more light ceramic ball bearings; Bearing Lubrication most impressive manner mixed with oil lubrication methods. In the field of high-speed machining. have air bearings and the development of magnetic bearings and magnetic bearings and air bearings combined constitute the magnetic gas / air mixing spindle. Feed the machine sector, high-speed machining used in the feed drive is usually larger lead, multiple high-speed ball screw and ball array of small-diameter silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic ball, to reduce its centrifugal and gyroscopic torque; By using hollow-cooling technology to reduce operating at high speed ball screw as temperature generated by the friction between the lead screw and thermal deformation. In recent years, the use of linear motor-driven high-speed system of up to Such feed system has removed the motor from workstations to Slide in the middle of all mechanical transmission links, Implementation of Machine Tool Feed System of zero transmission. Because no linear motor rotating components, from the role of centrifugal force, can greatly increase the feed rate. Linear Motor Another major advantage of the trip is unrestricted. The linear motor is a very time for a continuous machine shop in possession of the bed. Resurfacing of the very meeting where a very early stage movement can go, but the whole system of up to the stiffness without any influence. By using high-speed screw, or linear motor can greatly enhance machine system of up to the rapid response. The maximum a cceleration linear motors up to 2-10G (G for the acceleration of gravity), the largest feed rate of up to 60 -200m/min or higher. 2002 world-renowned Shanghai Pudong maglev train project of maglev track steel processing, Using the Shenyang Machine Tool Group Holdings Limited McNair friendship company production plants into extra-long high-speed system for large-scale processing centers achieve . The machine feeding system for the linear guide and rack gear drive, the largest table feed rate of 60 m / min, Quick trip of 100 m / min, 2 g acceleration, maximum speed spindle 20000 r / min, the main motor power 80 kW. X-axis distance of up to 30 m, 25 m cutting long maglev track steel error is less than 0.15 mm. Maglev trains for the smooth completion of the project provided a strong guarantee for technology In addition, the campaign machine performance will also directly affect the processing efficiency and accuracy of processing. Mold and the free surface of high-speed machining, the main wiring with small cut deep into methods for processing. Machine requirements in the feed rate conditions, should have high-precision positioning functions and high-precision interpolation function, especially high-precision arc interpolation. Arc processing is to adopt legislation or thread milling cutter mold or machining parts, the essential processing methods.Cutting Tools Tool Material development high-speed cutting and technological development of the history, tool material is continuous progress of history. The representation of high-speed cutting tool material is cubic boron nitride (CBN). Face Milling Cutter use of CBN, its cutting speed can be as high as 5000 m / min, mainly for the gray cast iron machining. Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has been described as a tool of the 21st century tool, It is particularly applicable to the cutting aluminum alloy containing silica material, which is light weight metal materials, high strength, widely used in the automobile, motorcycle engine, electronic devices shell, the base, and so on. At present, the use of polycrystalline diamond cutter Face Milling alloy, 5000m/min the cutting speed has reached a practical level. In addition ceramic tool also applies to gray iron of high-speed machining; Tool Coating : CBN and diamond cutter, despite good high-speed performance, but the cost is relatively high. Using the coating technology to make cutting tool is the low price, with excellent mechanical properties, which can effectively reduce the cost. Now high-speed processing of milling cutter, with most of the wiring between the Ti-A1-N composite technology for the way of multi-processing, If present in the non-ferrous metal or alloy material dry cutting, DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) coating on the cutter was of great concern. It is expected that the market outlook is very significant; Tool clamping system : Tool clamping system to support high-speed cutting is an important technology, Currently the most w idely used is a two-faced tool clamping system. Has been formally invested as a commodity market at the same clamping tool system are : HSK, KM, Bigplus. NC5, AHO systems. In the high-speed machining, tool and fixture rotary performance of the balance not only affects the precision machining and tool life. it will also affect the life of machine tools. So, the choice of tool system, it should be a balanced selection of good products. Process Parameters Cutting speed of high-speed processing of conventional shear velocity of about 10 times. For every tooth cutter feed rate remained basically unchanged, to guarantee parts machining precision, surface quality and durability of the tool, Feed volume will also be a corresponding increase about 10 times, reaching 60 m / min, Some even as high as 120 m / min. Therefore, high-speed machining is usually preclude the use of high-speed, feed and depth of cut small cutting parameters. Due to the high-speed machining cutting cushion tend to be small, the formation of very thin chip light, Cutting put the heat away quickly; If the wiring using a new thermal stability better tool materials and coatings, Using the dry cutting process for high-speed machining is the ideal technology program.High-speed machining field of applicationFlexible efficient production line To adapt to the needs of new models, auto body panel molds and resin-prevention block the forming die. must shorten the production cycle and reduce the cost of production and, therefore, we must make great efforts to promote the production of high-speed die in the process. SAIC affiliated with the company that : Compared to the past, finishing, further precision; the same time, the surface roughness must be met, the bending of precision, this should be subject to appropriate intensive manual processing. Due to the extremely high cutting speed, and the last finishing processes, the processing cycle should be greatly reduced. To play for machining centers and boring and milling machining center category represented by the high-speed machining technology and automatic tool change function of distinctions Potential to improve processing efficiency, the processing of complex parts used to be concentrated as much as possible the wiring process, that is a fixture in achieving multiple processes centralized processing and dilute the traditional cars, milling, boring, Thread processing different cutting the limits of technology, equipment and give full play to the high-speed cutting tool function, NC is currently raising machine efficiency and speed up product development in an effective way. Therefore, the proposed multi-purpose tool of the new requirements call for a tool to complete different parts of the machining processes, ATC reduce the number of ATC to save time, to reduce the quantity and tool inventory, and management to reduce production costs. More commonly used in a multifunctional Tool, milling, boring and milling, drill ing milling, drilling-milling thread-range tool. At the same time, mass production line, against the use of technology requires the development of special tools, tool or a smart composite tool, improve processing efficiency and accuracy and reduced investment. In the high-speed cutting conditions, and some special tools can be part of the processing time to the original 1 / 10 below, results are quite remarkable. HSC has a lot of advantages such as : a large number of materials required resection of the workpiece with ultrafine, thin structure of the workpiece, Traditionally, the need to spend very long hours for processing mobile workpiece and the design of rapid change, short product life cycle of the workpiece, able to demonstrate high-speed cutting brought advantages. 高速切削加工的发展及需求 高速切削加工是当代先进制造技术的重要组成部分，拥有高效率、高精度及高表面质量等特征。本文介绍此技术的定义、发展现状、适用领域以及中国的需求情况。 高速切削加工是面向21世纪的一项高新技术，它以高效率、高精度和高表面质量为基本特征，在汽车工业、航空航天、模具制造和仪器仪表等行业中获得了愈来愈广泛的应用，并已取得了重大的技术经济效益，是当代先进制造技术的重要组成部分。 高速切削是实现高效率制造的核心技术，工序的集约化和设备的通用化使之具有很高的生产效率。可以说，高速切削加工是一种不增加设备数量而大幅度提高加工效率所必不可少的技术。高速切削加工的优点主要在于：提高生产效率、提高加工精度及降低切削阻力。 有关高速切削加工的含义，目前尚无统一的认识，通常有如下几种观点：切削速度很高，通常认为其速度超过普通切削的5-10倍；机床主轴转速很高，一般将主轴转速在10000-20000r/min以上定为高速切削；进给速度很高，通常达15-50m/min，最高可达90m/min；对于不同的切削材料和所釆用的刀具材料，高速切削的含义也不尽相同；切削过程中，刀刃的通过频率(Tooth Passing Frequency)接近于“机床刀具工件”系统的主导自然频率(Dominant Natural Frequency)时，可认为是高速切削。可见高速切削加工是一个综合的概念。 1992年，德国Darmstadt工业大学的H. Schulz教授在CIRP上提出了高速切削加工的概念及其涵盖的范围，如图1所示。认为对于不同的切削对象，图中所示的过渡区(Transition)即为通常所谓的高速切削範围，这也是当时金属切削工艺相关的技术人员所期待或者可望实现的切削速度。 高速切削加工对机床、刀具和切削工艺等方面都有一些具体的要求。下面分别从这几个方面阐述高速切削加工技术的发展现状和趋势。 现阶段，为了实现高速切削加工，一般釆用高柔性的高速数控机床、加工中心，也有釆用专用的高速铣、钻床。这些设备的共同之处是：必须同时具有高速主轴系统和高速进给系统，才能实现材料切削过程的高速化。高速切削与传统切削最大的区别是，“机床刀具工件”系统的动态特性对切削性能有更强的影响力。在该系统中，机床主轴的刚度、刀柄形式、刀长设定、主轴拉刀力、刀具扭力设定等，都是影响高速切削性能的重要因素。 在高速切削中，材料去除率(Metal Removal Rate，MRR)，即单位时间内材料被切除的体积，通常受限于“机床-刀具-工件”工艺系统是否出现“颤振”。因此，为了满足高速切削加工的需求，首先要提高机床动静刚度尤其是主轴的刚度特性。现阶段高速切削之所以能够成功，一个很关键的因素在于对系统动态特性问题的掌握和处理能力。 为了更好地描述机床主轴的刚度特性，工程上提出新的无量纲参数DN值，用以评价机床的主轴结构对高速切削加工的适应性。所谓DN值即“主轴直径与每分钟转速之积”。新近开发的加工中心主轴DN值大都已超过100万。为了减轻轴承的重量，还釆用了比钢制品要轻得多的陶瓷球轴承；轴承润滑方式大都釆用油气混合润滑方式。在高速切削加工领域，目前已开发空气轴承和磁轴承以及由磁轴承和空气轴承合并构成的磁气/空气混合主轴。 在机床进给机构方面，高速切削加工所用的进给驱动机构通常都为大导程、多头高速滚珠丝槓，滚珠釆用小直径氮化硅（Si3N4）陶瓷球，以减少其离心力和陀螺力矩；釆用空心强冷技术来减少高速滚珠丝槓运转时由于摩擦产生温升而