关 键 词：

机械类毕业-含CAD图纸 机械式 立体 车库 机构 设计 机械类 毕业 cad 图纸

资源描述：

机械式立体停车库机构设计【机械类毕业-含CAD图纸】,机械类毕业-含CAD图纸,机械式,立体,车库,机构,设计,机械类,毕业,cad,图纸

内容简介：

毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书1本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的： 通过设计初步掌握机械设计的方法和步骤，培养自己发现问题解决问题的能力。 2本毕业设计（论文）课题任务的内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）： 任务：设计一种能停放小型客车的机械式立体停车库。要求：用尽可能少的占地停尽可能多得小型汽车。 成本低、使用方便、美观。毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书3对本毕业设计（论文）课题成果的要求包括图表、实物等硬件要求： 一、设计总图和部分零件图二、设计说明书三、英文翻译资料4主要参考文献： 1 无线传感器网络技术与应用陈林星 编著 电子工业出版社2自动显示技术与仪表何金田 张全法 编著 西安电子科技大学出版社3单片机无线发射与接收电路设计黄智伟 编著 西安电子科技大学出版社4单片机MCS-51原理及应用开发教程晁阳 编著 清华大学出版社5运算放大器应用电路设计（日） 马场清太郎 著 科学出版社6城市住宅小区停车问题初探全保军 山西建筑 20087对当前住宅小区“停车难”问题的剖析吴兴路 综述 20078居住小区停车问题研究张东辉，张少峰 中外建筑 20049住宅小区规划非小事严旭兵 中国房地产报 200310居住区停车方式的选择陈艳品 建筑学报 199811谈住宅小区的规划创新设计王国平 建材技术与应用 200212关于住宅小区停车问题探讨林东杰 福建建设科技出版社 200513住宅小区内停车方式的思考莫曼春，邓明 山西建筑出版社 200014魔方式停车库自动控制系统设计周奇才 起重机与运输机械 200615基于组态控制技术的智能立体停车库胡瑜 起重机与运输机械 2006毕 业 设 计（论 文）任 务 书5本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：2015.12.16-2016.1.10 完成开题2016.2.25-2.16.3.9 毕业实习调研，完成开题报告、中英文翻译、论文大纲2016.3.19-2016.4.25 提交论文草稿，4月中旬中期检查2016.4.26-2016.5.6 提交论文定稿2016.5.6-2016.5.13 准备答辩2016.5.13-2016.5.26 答辩，成绩评定，修改完成最终稿所在专业审查意见：通过负责人： 2015 年 12 月23 日 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 1结合毕业设计（论文）课题情况，根据所查阅的文献资料，每人撰写不少于1000字左右的文献综述： 随着汽车的急增致使城市停车难问题不断恶化,而作为解决城市静态交通的有效措施向空间、向高层发展的自动化立体停车设备,以其占地面积少、停车率高、布置灵活、高效低耗、性价比高、安全可靠等优点,越来越受到人们的青睐。 车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近3040年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。现在所知的最早的立体车库建于1918年，位于美国伊利诺斯州芝加哥市华盛顿西大街215号的一家宾馆(Hotel La Salle)的停车库，设计师是Holabird 和 Roche，该车库于2005年被推到，在该原址上，后来由Jupiter Realty Corp.兴建了一座49层的公寓大楼。在第十五届全国发明展览会项目中交通、建筑类提到不占地立体车库的第一发明人：刘玉恩，该发明是一种不占地位立体车库，包括：通行架，其可允许车辆正常通行；固设于通行架上的车库群，其为多层结构，每层至少包括有两个或两个以上可存放车辆的单元车库；纵向升降机，其设于车库群及通行架中；横向移动架，其可在升降机与单元车库之间移动；推举式交换装置，其可将横向移动架上的车辆放置于单元车库上或可将单元车库上的车辆取回于横向移动架上；控制机构，其控制存放或取出车辆。 我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已有十年的历程。由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。 立体车库与地下车库相比可更加有效地保证人身和车辆的安全，人在车库内或车不停准位置，由电子控制的整个设备便不会运转。应该说，机械车库从管理上可以做到彻底的人车分流。在地下车库中采用机械存车，还可以免除采暖通风设施，因此，运行中的耗电量比工人管理的地下车库低得多。机械车库一般不做成套系统，而是以单台集装而成。这样可以充分发挥其用地少、可化整为零的优势，在住宅区的每个组团中或每栋楼下都可以随机设立机械停车楼。这对眼下车库短缺的小区解决停车难的问题提供了方便条件。 目前，立体车库主要有一下几种形式：升降横移式、巷道堆垛式、垂直提升式、垂直循环式、圆形水平循环式等。在国内外各种同类产品进行分析的基础上，再结合造价、技术难度以及用户需求等各方面的因素。 可以发现升降横移式立体车库形式比较多，规模可大可小，而且对场地的适应性较强，同时采用这类设备的车库十分普遍。因此，最终确定研究对象为升降横移式立体车库。 毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 2本课题要研究或解决的问题和拟采用的研究手段（途径）： 研究的主要内容：（1）升降横移式立体车停车设备的总体结构的设计与研究：确定垂直升降是立体停车设备的总体布局、运行方式，然后进行存取车方式、提升系统、钢结构等各部分的总体设计。（2）升降横移式立体停车设备的存取机构设计：在分析比较的基础上，确定车库的存取车形式，然后详细的设计停车位、载车板和存取机构。（3）升降横移式立体停车设备的升降驱动机构的研究：通过分析比较，选定曳引驱动方式作为整个车库的升降方式，然后设计升降平台、安全机构等。并计算升降系统电机所需要的曳引能力、平衡配重的重量等。研究手段：（1）结合现实生活中已经建成的升降横移式立体车库的项目，了解立体车库；参观大酒店的立体车库，了解车库运行的基本原理，了解轿车停车流程等。（2）查阅国内外的几种升降横移式立体车库的相关资料，对当前的车库技术发展前沿有一个大概的了解，从而能够把握车库技术的发展趋势和方向；通过网上检索，了解立体车库的最新发展概况等。以及了解立体车库的钢材选用，电机选择，建设方法等。（3）根据以上的了解提出相应立体车库的要求，再由此设计出立体车库的控制部分，并编写PLC控制程序，对相应的控制部分进行控制。（4）对立体车库的关键部位进行强度校核，并绘制出总装图和相应的零部件图。（5）归纳、总结并完善论文。毕 业 设 计（论文） 开 题 报 告 指导教师意见：1对“文献综述”的评语：文献综述写的缺少新意，希望多看一些新的资料。 2对本课题的深度、广度及工作量的意见和对设计（论文）结果的预测：要防止只设计一个方案，要设计好具体结构。 3.是否同意开题： 同意 不同意 指导教师： 2016 年 03 月 08 日所在专业审查意见：同意 负责人： 2016 年 03 月 09 日 Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method.In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnels basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain?Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently, seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, workers health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customers aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. In the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes.The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence.In recent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding.机械设计理论机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品来满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者机械设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。如前所诉，机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处，只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确的进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险，当新的方法不适用时，就使用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为 所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求屏弃许多陈旧的，为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事。一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，一个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新方法。在设计的初始阶段，应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性，不受各种约束。即使产生了许多不切实际的想法，也会在设计的早期，即绘制图纸之前被改正掉。只有这样，才不致于堵塞创新的思路。通常，要提出几套设计方案，然后加以比较。很有可能在最后选定的方案中，采用了某些未被接受的方案中的一些想法。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程另一个重要问题，设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商。在开始阶段，设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商，并得到批准。这一般是通过口头讨论，草图和文字材料进行的。为了进行有效的交流 ，需要解决下列问题（1） 所设计的这个产品是否真正为人们所需要？（2） 此产品与其他公司的现有同类产品相比有无竞争能力？（3） 生产这种产品是否经济？ （4） 产品的维修是否方便？（5） 产品有无销路？是否可以盈利？只有时间能对上述问题给出正确答案。但是， 产品的设计、制造和销售只能在对上述问题的初步肯定答案的基础上进行。设计工程师还应该通过零件图和装配图，与制造部门一起对最终设计方案进行磋