英语专题训练七 动词时态和语态

专题七专题七 动词时态和语态动词时态和语态 高考一轮复习 2010-09-30 22:58:22 阅读 17 评论 0 字号：大中小 订阅 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占 12 道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标 志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰 性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下 文语境，才能作出正确判断。 考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于 时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据 不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“语境法”等解 题技巧。 一?识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态? 例More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent 解析 此题有明显的时间标志词 last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语 students 是被送的对 象,应该使用被动语态?答案为 B? 动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列 8 种常用时态所对应的时间状语? (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom, now , every day 等? (2)一般过去时:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months 等? (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days 等? (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday 等? (5)现在完成时: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一 段时间, since + 一点时间等? (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等? (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks 等? (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week 等? 命题角度及对策高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词 时态知识的实际运用能力?敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问 题的良策? 二?主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态? 命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查?在根 据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间?条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表 示将来完成时? (2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境? (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用 任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时)? 三?仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化?实际化?因此,仔细体会所给语境, 根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题? 例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is running C. have；has been run D. have had；has been run 【答案解析】 A。由时间标志词 up till now 知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时； 而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【答案解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1. Whats that terrible noise ? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to scho ol, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. has been completed D. is going to consider 3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play 6. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 7. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 8. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 9. How are the team playing ? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 10. You havent said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 11. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 12. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 13. When will you come to se e me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 14. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990 A. we re you cmployed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 15. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 16. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 17. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 18. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 19. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker to you, and _ you forget it ! A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 20. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know 22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 23. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know 24. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _ on TV all day long. A. has bee n B. bad been C. was D. will be 26. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I ? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 27. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so iey. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 28. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time ! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 29. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached 30. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed 答案与解析 1、B 根据题意先排除 D 项，因为回答方要说明书现在的情况；A 项 have prepare 说明已经准备好，C 项 prepare 是目前的习惯性动作，B 项瑞在进行时表示动作的示完性。因此 B 项为最佳答案。 2、B 句意：因为 Lucy 失业了，所以她在考虑重返校园，但她现在还没决定。根据题意说话者在说现在 的情况，因此排除了 A、C、D 三项，B 飞行员现在完成进行时，表示现在的事，进行时强调“考虑”这个 动作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。 3、C 句意：北京市市长说所有北京奥林区克建筑将于 2006 年完成。此题考查英语动词的语态和时态， 很显然本题应该用被动语态，因此排除 B、D 根据时间状语 by2006，应选择将来完成时，因此选 C。 4、A 题干中主句为 Selecting a mobile phone is no easy task,谓语动词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛 意义上的现在时间”，使用的是一般现在时态（is no easy task）;后面的状态从句（because）中则说 明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”，应采用现在进行时：（technology）is changing(so rapidly).现在进行时态 在此表示了一种“持续变化”的状态，体现了“变化、趋势、发展和进展” 5、D 题干后的分句（but）为转折语气，并在句中使用了现在完成时态（I havent had time to play）, 表示自从 new year 以来一直没有打过乒乓球，由此可以排除选项 B（will play）、C（have played）.由 此推断前一人句中所说状态为“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，则空中应该使用一般现在时态表达 这一时间概念。 6、D 句意为：参观者被要求不触摸展品。所以应该用被动形式。 7、D 第一空为现在完成时，与一段时间状语连用（for eight years）;第二空：在一次晚会上认识之前就见 过，上是“过去的过去”的一个动作，帮选 D。 8、C 从上下文可知，Ted 已经死了，属于过去发生的事情， 对于动词 kill 来讲，应是被动关系，故选 C 9、A 由题中所设语境可知，一句队员受伤应是过去的动作，故选 A。 10、D 从对话题干所设语境看，此处谈论的是过去所没有发生的事（you havent said a word）此对话 中，Brenda 为自己没能对朋友所穿新衣早加赞赏向对方表示歉意；sooner(=at an earlier time)作为附加 状语传达了十分重要的时间信息。 此处仍应使用表示过去行为的简单过去时，与后面句子中的现在时态（I certainly think）形成对照。其 余选项所给时态hasnt written us recently。 11、A 前句中 recentl y 与事句中动词民用的语气为重要提示：We should have heard from her by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now 此处讨论最近该发生而没发生的事，用现在完成时态：hasnt written us recently. 12、B marry 是终止性动词，用在此 notuntil 句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五 岁才结婚。” 13、D when 从句中通常用一般现在时形式表将来时间。 14、B 答语中的 since1990 是关键信息。 15、B 时间状语 in the past five ye ars 与现在时间有关。 16、D 图书馆的安静被打破，故须用被动语态；情景中找不出与现在有关的时间信息，故 A 是错误的。 17、C grow 与 as 从句里的 wait 发生。 题干前半句为时间状语，提供了极为重要的时间线索：All morning as she waited，表示了过去的一段延续时间，本空之中动词所表示的行为（her nervousness “grow”）与此同时进行。此处仍应使用一般过去时。 本题中与现在时间相关的两个选项(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除；D 项（had grown）过去完成 时态，应用于表示过去特定时间之前的行为，与语境不符，也可排除。 18、B stay 这晨是系动词的用法，不用被动形式。 根据本题设空之后所执着续的形容词 fresh 判断，选项所给动词 stay 为系动词（=to continue or remain in a place ,position or conditionCOLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY）, 因此，很容易排除 A 项 （系动词不可能使用权用被动语态）；从句意看，说话人向对方提出建议（Why dont you？），然后 阐明依据（the meat will），应该是 stay 的一般形式，而不会是进行式（C 项 be staying）或完成式 （D 项 have stayed）。 19、D 注意 Mr Parker 这里针对的是“Sorry , joe”这件事，而不是“ I didnt mean to”那件事。而前者正 是“此时此刻”发生的，故应用一般现在时。句意：你应称呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了吧！题干选材为大小 对话形式，语境完整，前者向 Joe 道歉，后者（joe 本人）拒不接受道歉，认为称呼自己为 Joe 是：“套 近乎”。提醒并警千对方，语气非常严厉。 20、B at this time tomorrow 指明的是将来的某一具体时间，故用来将