2014年职称英语等级考试真题及答案_卫生A.pdf

学派网职称英语网络课程 2014 年职称英语考试真题（卫生类年职称英语考试真题（卫生类 a 级）级） 第第 1 部分：词汇选项部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或者短语划有底横线， 请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意 义最为接近的选项。 1. there was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. a. point b. tendency c. result d. finding 2. new secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. a. amazing b. depressing c. predictable d. dull 3. the committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. a. furnish b. copy c. publish d. summarize 4. the group does not advocate the use of violence. a. limit b. regulate c. oppose d. support 5. the original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. a. reproduced b. invented c. designed d. reported 6. the department deferred the decision for six months. a. put off b. arrived at c. abided by d. protested against 7. the symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. a. eased b. appeared c. improved d. relieved 8. the uniform makes the guards look absurd. a. serious b. ridiculous c. beautiful d. impressive 9. some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. a. silent b. motionless c. seated d. true 10. the country was torn apart by strife. a. poverty b. war c. conflict d. economy 11. she felt that she had done her good deed for the day. a. act b. homework c. justice d. model 12. a persons wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. a. equal b. certain c. large d. opposite 13. his professional career spanned 16 days. a. started b. changed c. moved d. lasted 14. his stomach felt hollow with fear. a. sincere b. respectful c. terrible d. empty 15. this was disaster on a cosmic scale. a. modest b. huge c. commercial d. national 第第 2 部分：阅读判断部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分） 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如 果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 b； 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 c。 feed me better when british tv chef jamie oliver launched his feed me better campaign in 2004 in schools in the greenwich area of london with the aim of improving the diet of british 学派网职称英语网络课程 schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. olivers highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to pupils in the greenwich schools. in order to achieve his aim oliver needed to show schools how to swap (交换) cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat （饱和 脂肪）salt, and sugar, for healthier options. now, research at the institute for social and economic research (iser) has shown that olivers experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in english and science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism (缺勤). the iser study, carried out by michele belot and jonathan james, showed substantial positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating olivers meals improving by up to 8% in science and by as much as 6% in english. in addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease. the iser study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of olivers healthier meals on school performance. pupils who sat exams in 2006-2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. the study also compared the results of the schools in greenwich with those of pupils of the same age in seven other london areas who did not eat the meals created by oliver. the researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the greenwich pupils. they could find no other explanation for the results except for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by oliver. commenting on isers findings, oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich（营养的）foods such as coconut (椰子)， fish， and broccoli(花椰菜). he commented that we could see that it made them calmer and therefore able to learn. 16. thefeed me better campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 17. everyone believed the campaign school be successful. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 18. the iser is an institute that does research on pupils performance in sport. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 19. the pupils in greenwich said they liked the healthier meals. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 20. the number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 21. the iser did not a comparative study on the impact of the new diet. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 22. the healthier diet helped schoolchildren improve academically. a. right b. wrong c. not mentioned 学派网职称英语网络课程 第第 3 部分：概括大意和完成句子部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 2330 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分） 下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务： （1）第 23 26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中 为指定段落每段选择 1 个小标题； （2）第 27 30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为 每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 aromatherapy (芳香疗法芳香疗法) aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. in aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond (杏仁) oil, or they are diluted (稀释) with water. these solutions (溶液剂) can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress (敷药)。 many people have aromatherapy massages (按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. the massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. the sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. practioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the blood stream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the function of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. it has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia (失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. however, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. while research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. there are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. the study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. more research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects. 23. paragraph 1 _d_ 24. paragraph 2 _f_ 25. paragraph 3 _c_ 26. paragraph 4 _e_ a. current research into aromatherapy b. aromatherapy and conventional medicine c. different views about aromatherapy d. introduction to aromatherapy e. doubts about the benefits aromatherapy f. personalized aromatherapy massage 学派网职称英语网络课程 27. aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to _d_. 28. the sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to _a_. 29. aromatherapy is believed to _e_ in various ways. 30. the used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _b_. 第第 4 部分：阅读理解（第部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题题，每题 3 分，共分，共 45 分）分） 下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。 第第 1 篇篇 a new strategy to overcome breast cancer post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. the report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. the american cancer society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. uk experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. a recent poll for the charity ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. this study, published in cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the american cancer society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. they were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics (有氧运动) and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. they completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity. those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. dr. alpa patel, a senior epidemiologist at the american cancer society in atlanta, georgia, who led the study, said: “given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. we were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.” more strenuous (紧张的) and longer activities lowered the risk even more.” baroness delyth morgan, chief executive of breast cancer campaign, said: “this study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer a. suit different people b. be further explored c. help the disabled d. be used externally e. have healing effects f. be promoted 学派网职称英语网络课程 and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.” she added: “we know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. the challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” (和综合a、理工a阅读理解第3篇相同) 31. all of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage except_ a. breathing exercise b. regular walking c. recreational activity d. lifestyle choices 32. it can be inferred from dr. alpa patels study that_. a. women have fewer chances of physical activity b. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer c. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk d. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer 33. dr. alpa patel was_. a. head of the survey study b. chief editor of cancer epidemiology c. chair of the american cancer society d. chief executive of breast cancer campaign 34. which of the following statements is true according to the passage? a. most women take walking as their only recreational activity. b. the study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. c. walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women d. irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women. 35. the word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to? a. continuable b. affordable c. available d. persistent 第 2 篇 around 45% of the uks carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every day-at home and when they travel. in order to generate that energy, fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases-in particular carbon dioxide (co2). car emissions are a major problem, but the truth is that more co2 come from the energy used at home. the average household creates around five and a half tonnes of co2 a year, and it is the same co2 that is changing the climate and damaging the environment. co2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping. without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on the earth would be around -18, compared with the current average of around +15. the composition of this blanket of gases has remained relativity constant for many thousands of years. however, since the 学派网职称英语网络课程 industrial revolution began around 200 years ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more co2 and other greenhouse gases in the process. this has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the suns energy inside the earths atmosphere in turn the earths temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter period of time than it has for thousands of years. in 2008, the total uk co2 emissions were 533 million tonnes. 27% (144 million tonnes) of those emissions came from the energy used to heat, light , and power homes. transport emissions caused by passenger cars, buses and motorcycles accounted for a further 16% (87 million tonnes) of the uks co2 emissions. these figures show that a significant amount of co2 results from ordinary citizens carbon footprint in their daily activities and lifestyle. the effects of climate change can be seen all around us. weather patterns are becoming more and more fractured and uncertain, and over the last century trends in warm weather have become increasingly common. in the uk in the last 40 years, winters have grown warmer, with much heavier rainfall. one of the clearest shifts over the last 200 years is towards summers that are hotter and drier, causing pervasive (普遍的) water shortages. recent years have been hottest since records began, and during august 2003, the hottest ever outdoor temperature in the uk was recorded 38.5 36. what is the authors main aim? a. to explain the greenhouse effect. b. to describe the effects of climate change in the uk. c. to show how much co2 is produced by ordinary peoples activities. d. to illustrates how industrial activity creates the greenhouse effect. 37. what is the authors opinion about the level of co2 emissions in the uk? a. the majority of co2 emissions come from motorized transport. b. co2 emissions may cause climate change in the future c. more co2 emissions comes from homes than from cars. d. the average citizen does not create much co2. 38. co2 emissions from vehicles a. are a more serious problem than energy shortage. b. do not cause any problems. c. are high because average household owns a car. d. contribute considerably to greenhouse gases. 39. the result of climate change in the uk can be seen in a. cooler summers. b. water supply. c. warmer winters. d. stronger winds. 40.which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. ways of reducing the uks co2 emissions. b. uk citizens carbon footprint. c. the effect of industry on climate change in the uk. d. changes in weather patterns in the uk. 学派网职称英语网络课程 第第三三篇篇 first self-contained heart implanted a patient on the brink of death has received the worlds first self-contained artificial hearta battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires, tubes or hoses sticking out of the chest. two surgeons from the university of louisville implanted the titanium and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at jewish hospital monday. the hospital said the patient was “awake and responsive” tuesday and resting comfortably. it refused to release personal details. the patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation, and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the persons life by only a month. but the device is considered a major step toward improving the patients quality of life. the new pump, called abiocor, is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the 1980s, which were attached by wires and tubes to bulky machinery outside the body. the most famous of those, the jarvic-7, used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus about the size of a washing machine. “i think its potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development,” said dr. david faxon, president of the american heart association. however, he said the dream of an implantable, permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality: “this is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated.” only about half of the 4,200 americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received them last year, and most of the rest died. some doctors, including robert higgins, chairman of cardiology at the medical college of virginia in richmond, said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hears. “a donor heart in a good transplant can last 15 to 30 years,” he said. “its going to be hard to replace that with a machine.” the abiocor has a 2-pound pumping unit, and electronic controls that adjust the pumping speed based on the bodys needs. it is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin. (出处：2014年职称英语教材卫生类阅读判断 第十二篇) 41. the first two paragraphs tell that self-contained artificial heart a. was made of titanium and pump b. had brought the patient to the brink of death c. did not need to get power from outside the body d. was invented by two surgeons from university of louisville 42. the patient received the first self-contained heart a. could not afford a donor heart b. was said to be in a good condition the