新型节能墙体材料项目可行性报告.doc

hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. my friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. they made no effort to hide their amusement whenever i produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. after seven days of this i went to a party. everybody around me was smoking and i felt extremely uncomfortable. when my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than i could bear. i took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. my wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. anyway, as brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. he himself has done it lots of times! lesson79 by air 乘飞机i used to travel by air a great deal when i was a boy. my parents, used to live in south america and i used to fly there from europe in the holidays. an airhostess would take charge of me and i never had an unpleasant experience. i am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have i ever felt frightened. after taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. while we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. the police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. after we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.lesson80 the crystal palace 水晶宫perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the crystal palace, which was built in hyde park for the great exhibition of 1851. the crystal palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. it was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. a great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. there was also a great deal of machinery on display. the most wonderful piece of machinery on show was nasmyths steam hammer. though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the channel from europe. on arriving in england, they were taken to the crystal palace by train. there were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. later, the crystal palace was moved to south london. it remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.lesson81 escape 脱逃when he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. he could hear shouting in the camp itself. lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. lesson82 monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that新型节能墙体材料技术改造项目可行性研究报告 第一章 项目概述第一节 项目名称、建设单位、项目负责人1、项目名称：新型节能墙体材料技术改造项目2、项目规模：总投资700万元3、项目建设单位：广德县新型节能墙体材料厂4、项目负责人：xxx（法人代表）5、项目地址：桃州镇白洋村章村轮窑厂6、项目建成时间： 2008年7、建设性质：技术改造第二节 项目提出的背景和必要性1、项目提出的背景我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，以占世界7%的耕地养育着占世界22%的人口，土地资源十分宝贵，城乡建设的迅猛发展需要大量的墙体材料，而传统墙体材料实心粘土砖需大量占地取土，与土地资源严重缺乏形成了显明的对比，为此，国务院办公厅关于进一步推进墙体材料革新和推广节能建筑的通知(国办发200533号)明确规定：“在全国城市住宅建设中禁止使用实心粘土砖瓦。已限期禁止生产、使用实心粘土砖（包括瓦，下同）的170个城市，要向逐步淘汰粘土制品推进，并向郊区城镇延伸。其他城市要按照国家的统一部署，分期分批禁止或限制生产、使用实心粘土砖，并逐步向小城镇和农村延伸。其中，经济发达地区城市和人均耕地面积低于0.8亩的城市，要逐步禁止生产和使用实心粘土砖；粘土资源较为丰富的西部地区，要推广发展粘土空心制品，限制生产和使用实心粘土砖；在新型墙体材料基本能够满足工程建设需要的地区，要禁止生产粘土砖。力争到2006年底，使全国实心粘土砖年产量减少800亿块。到2010年底，所有城市禁止使用实心粘土砖，全国实心粘土砖年产量控制在4000亿块以下。各地区和有关部门要积极推广使用新型墙体材料，凡财政拨款或补贴的行政机关办公用房、公共建筑、经济适用房、示范建筑小区和国家投资的生产性项目等，都要执行节能设计标准，选用和采购新型墙体材料。新建建筑要向强制执行国家已颁布的建筑节能设计标准推进，逐步提高新型墙体材料的生产和应用比例，增加节能建筑面积。力争到2006年，新建建筑严格执行建筑节能设计标准，有条件的城市率先执行节能率65%的地方标准。到2010年，新型墙体材料产量占墙体材料总量的比重达到55%以上，建筑应用比例达到65%以上；严寒、寒冷地区应执行节能率65%的标准。”从保护土地，节约燃料，改善环境，造福子孙这一角度出发，用新型建材代替实心粘土砖，已成为我国建材行业的发展方向，沿用了几千年的“秦砖汉瓦”将逐步退出历史舞台。广德县新型节能墙体材料厂，根据国务院办公厅关于进一步推进墙体材料革新和推广节能建筑的通知(国办发200533号)、国家发改委等四部委关于公布第二批限时禁止使用实心粘土砖城市名单的通知（发改环资20052656号）、安徽省发展新型墙体材料条例和广德县关于进一步加快我县新型墙体材料发展的实施意见（广政200795号）等法律法规规定，结合本县实际，大力推进全县新型墙体材料的广泛应用，加快广德县新型墙体材料的发展步伐，有效保护耕地，特提出新型节能墙体材料技改项目。2、项目建设的必要性发展新型墙体材料，是保护耕地和节约能源的迫切需要。我国耕地面积仅占国土面积10%强，不到世界平均水平的一半。我国房屋建筑材料中70%是墙体材料，其中粘土砖占据主导地位。国家从1992年以国务院66号文件为标志，开始大力推行新型墙体材料替代实心粘土砖。但迄今为止，粘土砖生产企业大约还有9万多家，占地500万亩。每年粘土砖生产量还达6000多亿块，耗用粘土资源13亿立方米，相当于废田70万亩左右。尤其是一些耕地本来就十分紧缺的地区和粮食生产区，由于粘土砖的大量生产，局部地区已经到了无土可挖、无土可用的地步，这种情况将直接影响到我们未来的生存环境。我县人均耕地面积低于世界粮农组织划定的0.8亩警戒线，保护土地资源和生态环境任务十分艰巨和迫切。所以，对老轮窑厂实施技术技术改造，发展新型墙体材料，是我县加快建设资源节约型社会的一项重要工作，不仅能制止毁田烧砖行为，节约大量土地,而且能利用废弃资源，做到综合利用,对促进资源集约利用,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。 发展新型墙体材料，是节能减排、改善环境的重要措施，是可持续发展的重要内容，是坚持以人为本，构建和谐社会的迫切需要。我国生产粘土砖每年在耗用粘土资源达13多亿立方米，约相当于毁田70万亩的同时，每年生产粘土砖还要消耗7000多万吨标准煤，排放大量的so2，造成空气环境污染。如果实心粘土砖产量继续增长，不仅增加墙体材料的生产能耗，而且导致新建建筑的采暖和空调能耗大幅度增加，将严重加剧能源供需矛盾。节约能源、保护环境的任务十分艰巨和迫切。所以，对老轮窑厂实施技术技术改造，发展新型墙体材料，是我县积极推进节能减排、加快建设能源节约型社会的一项重要工作，不仅能制止毁田烧砖行为，节约大量土地,而且能利用废弃资源，做到综合利用,使之节能降耗，促进资源集约利用,实现人与社会的和谐发展。 发展新型墙体材料，是改善建筑功能、提高资源利用效率和保护环境的重要措施。采用优质新型墙体材料建造房屋，建筑功能将得到有效改善，适度显著上升，可以提高建筑的质量和居住条件，满足经济社会发展和人民生活水平提高的需要。另一方面，我国每年产生各类工业固体废物1亿多吨，累计堆存量已达几十亿吨，不仅占用了大量土地，其中所含的有害物质严重污染着周围的土壤、水体和大气环境。加快发展以煤矸石、粉煤灰、建筑渣土、冶金和化工废渣等固体废物为原料的新型墙体材料，是提高资源利用率、改善环境、促进循环经济发展的重要途径。发展新型墙体材料，是美化环境，服务于我县经济建设的需要。广德县地理位置优越，资源丰富，交通运输便利繁忙。城乡建筑市场繁忙，发展空间广阔，新型墙材需要量越来越大，为我县的新型墙材发展带来了生机。目前，广德新型墙材企业为数不多，规模不大，传统的粘土实心砖仍然是一些老轮窑企业的主导产品。为发展循环经济，综合利用，服务于民，服务于广德县经济发展，项目建设单位立足于广德新型墙体材料发展的需要，着眼于广德县城乡建筑市场需求，拟在桃州镇白洋村章村窑厂就址改建新型墙体材料项目。该项目采用页岩石、煤喳灰、煤矸石等作为原材料，购置先进的多孔烧结砖、免烧砖加工设备，扩大新型墙体材料生产规模，提高新型墙材质量和档次，适应新形势下广德建筑市场的发展。本项目的建成，不仅可以作为推动广德及周边地区新型墙材产业发展的平台，而且也将成为积极带动区域新型墙材产业快速发展的领头羊，有利于地方经济发展，实现我县经济优势互补，改善项目区群众生产生活环境。第三节 项目单位的基本情况章村轮窑厂建厂时间：1987年08月。年设计能力：2000万块标准（20门）现有一线工人人数：60人。现有行管人员：10人，拥有固定资产：200 万元。企业经营状况：本轮窑厂已生产经营20年，向广德县城乡建筑市场和周边建筑市场提供95标准砖约3亿余块，粘土多孔节能砖2000余万块，上缴税费约200万元，支付工人工资500余万元。为县域经济发展，尤其是为广德县建筑业的发展作出了积极贡献。第二章 项目建设的依据1、国务院办公厅关于进一步推进墙体材料革新和推广节能建筑的通知（国办发200533号）2、中华人民共和国建设部关于进一步加强禁止使用实心粘土砖工作的通知(建科200774号)3、国家发展和改革委员会资源综合利用目录（2003年修订）（发改环资200473号）4、财政部、 国家发展改革委关于印发新型墙体材料专项基金征收使用管理办法的通知（财综200777号）5、财政部、国家税务总局享受税收优惠政策新型墙体材料目录6、财政部、国家经贸委关于部分资源综合利用及其他产品增值税政策问题的通知（财税2001198号）7、中华人民共和国国家标准烧结普通砖（标准号gb5101-93代替标准号代替gb510185）8、安徽省发展新型墙体材料条例（2007年8月24日安徽省第十届人民代表 大会常务委员会第三十二次会议通过） 9、安徽省墙体材料革新“十一五”规划 10、国家产业指导目录 11、广德县产业指导目录 12、广德县国民经济和社会发展十一五规划纲要第三章 新型墙体材料目录及标准第一节 新型墙体材料目录新型墙体材料，是指以非粘土为主原料生产的，具有资源综合利用、环境保护、节约土地和能源等特性，符合国家产业政策的墙体材料。新型墙体材料不以消耗耕地、破坏生态和污染环境为代价，适应建筑部品工业化、施工机械化、减少施工现场湿作业、改善建筑功能等现代建筑业发展要求，所生产的墙体料根据财政部财综200355号文件规定，新型墙体材料有以下六大类：1、非粘土砖：(1)孔洞率大于25非粘土烧结多孔砖和空心砖。(2)混凝土空心砖和空心砌块。(3)烧结页岩砖。2、建筑砌块：(1)普通混凝土小型空心砌块。(2)轻集料混凝土小型空心砌块。(3)蒸压加气混凝土砌块。(4)石膏砌块。3、建筑板材：(1)玻璃纤维增强水泥轻质多孔隔墙条板(简称grc板)。(2)纤维增强低碱度水泥建筑平板。(3)蒸压加气混凝土板。(4)轻集料混凝土条板(参照行业标准住宅内隔墙轻质条板jc/t30291995的技术要求)。(5)钢丝网架水泥夹芯板。(6)石膏墙板(包括纸面石膏板、石膏空心条扳)。其中：纸面石膏板；石膏空心条板。(7)金属面夹芯板(包括金属面聚苯乙烯夹芯板、金属面硬质聚氨酯夹芯板和金属面岩棉、矿渣棉夹芯板)。其中：金属面聚苯乙烯夹芯板；金属面硬质聚氨酯夹心板；金属面岩棉、矿渣棉夹芯板。(8)复合轻质夹芯隔墙板、条板(所用板材为以上所列几种墙板和空心条板，复合板符合建设部建筑轻质板、隔墙板施工及验收规程的技术要求)。4、原料中掺有不少于30%的工业废渣、农作物桔杆、垃圾、江河(湖、海)淤泥的墙体材料产品。5、预制及现浇混凝土墙体。6、钢结构和玻璃幕墙。新型墙体材料具有节土、节能、利废、轻质等特点，有利于环保、提高施工效率、降低工程成本、改善建筑功能、提高使用面积。随着全国各地禁止使用实心粘土砖的实施，新型墙体材料得到了进一步的发展和应用，新兴墙体材料已进入了前所未有的兴旺时期。同时也为新型墙体材料的发展创造了良好的机遇。庞大的中国建筑市场，在建筑材料变革中的需求特别是满足国家产业改革要求的新型建材，其需求量大的惊人！虽然近十年来，在建筑建材业出现了各种各样的新型墙体材料，但几乎没有摆脱几千年来秦砖汉瓦的施工模式和材料功能，直接制约了中国建筑行业向工业化装配式干法施工的进程。降低墙体材料消耗，减少环境污染和破坏，已引起全社会和科技界专家的高度重视和关注。如何降低工程总成本，减少施工环节和周期，提高工业化装配式干法施工水平已成为国家和建筑行业关注的重点。本项目是着眼于市场未来发展趋势，以国家现有墙改政策为基础，以科技创新为生产开发平台，以建设、施工单位为营销对象，通过充分利用再生资源，根据绿色建材的要求进行生产定位。第二节 新型墙材标准1、砖烧结多孔砖（gb135442000）烧结空心砖（gb135452003）蒸压灰砂砖（gb119451999）烧结普通砖（烧结页岩砖、烧结煤矸石砖、烧结粉煤灰砖）（jc51011998）蒸压灰砂空心砖（jc/t6371996）混凝土多孔砖（jc9432004）粉煤灰砖jc23991（96）蒸压灰砂空心砖（jc/t6371996）2、砌块普通混凝土小型空心砌块（gb82391997）粉煤灰砌块jc23891（96）轻集料混凝土小型空心砌块（gb1522994）石膏砌块（jc/t6981998）蒸压加气混凝土砌块（gb/t119681997）粉煤灰小型空心砌块（jc8622000）装饰混凝土砌块（jc/t6411996）烧结空心砌块（gb1354592）3、板材纸面石膏板（gb/t97751999）纤维增强硅酸钙板（jc/t5642000）工业灰渣混凝土空心隔墙条板（jc30631999）金属面硬质聚氨酯夹芯板（jc/t8682000）金属面聚苯乙烯夹芯板（jc6891999）硅镁加气混凝土空心轻质隔墙板（jc6801997）玻璃纤维增强水泥轻质多孔隔墙条板（jc6661997）纤维增强低碱度水泥建筑平板（jc/t6261996）钢丝网架水泥聚苯乙烯夹芯板（jc6231996）住宅内隔墙轻质条板（jg/t30291995）住宅混凝土内墙板与隔墙板（gb/t1490894第三节 主要指标及技术性质1、烧结普通砖根据国家标准gb51012003烧结普通砖的规定，烧结普通砖按其主要原料分为粘土砖（n）、页岩砖（y）、煤矸石砖（m）和粉煤灰砖（f）。 烧结普通砖的规格为240mm115mm53mm（公称尺寸）的直角六面体。在烧结普通砖砌体中，加上灰缝10mm，每4块砖长、8块砖宽或16块砖厚均为1m。1m3砌体需用砖512块。根据gb51012003，烧结普通砖的技术要求包括：尺寸偏差、外观质量、强度、抗风化性能、泛霜、石灰爆裂及欠火砖、酥砖和螺纹砖（过火砖）等，并划分为不同强度等级和优等品（a）、一等品（b）和合格品（c）三个质量等级。强度。烧结普通砖根据10块试样抗压强度的试验结果，分为五个强度等级（表-1）不符合为不合格品。尺寸偏差。烧结普通砖根据20块试样的公称尺寸检验结果，分为优等品（a）、一等品（b）及合格品（c）（表11-2）否则不符合，为不合格品。表-1 烧结普通砖及多孔砖的强度 单位：mpa强度等级抗压强度平均值f，不小于变异系数0.21变异系数0.21 抗压强度标准值fk，不小于 单块最小抗压强度fmin，不小于mu30 30.0 22.0 25.0 mu25 25.0 18.0 22.0 mu20 20.0 14.0 16.0 mu15 15.0 10.0 12.0 mu10 10.0 6.5 7.5 表-2 烧结普通砖的尺寸允许偏差 单位：mm 公称尺寸优等品一等品合格品样本平均偏差样本极差样本平均偏差样本极差样本平均偏差样本极差长度240 2.0 6 2.5 7 3.0 8 宽度115 1.5 5 2.0 6 2.5 7 厚度53 1.5 4 1.6 5 2.0 6 表-3 烧结普通砖的外观质量要求 单位：mm 项 目 优等品 一等品 合格 两条面高度差 234弯曲 234杂质凸出高度 234缺棱掉角的三个破坏尺寸 不得同时大于52030裂纹长度 a. 大面上宽度方向及其延伸至条面的长度30