中考英语50个重点句型.doc

中考50重点句型专练中考重点句型即中考经常考查的句型，在中考试卷中单项选择和句型转换以及完成句子中经常考到这些重点的句型，同学们在中考冲刺阶段需要确认是否已经掌握了这些重点的句型结构和它们的典型用法，特别是一些重点句子的表达方式。掌握了这些重点句型对于同学们解答阅读理解、听力和书面表达等都会有很大的帮助。知识总结： 一、常考重点句型：1. be afraid of doing / to do /that从句2. be busy doing sth./ with sth.3. be famous / late /ready / sorry +for sth.4. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth.5. ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.6. give/ buy/ lend/ sb. sth.7. tell/ ask sb. how to do sth.8. its time +for sb. to do sth.9. its 形容词for/of sb. to do sth.10. would rather do.11. had better do sth.12. its better/ best to do sth.13. enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind/feel like doing sth.14. stop to do (doing) sth.15. keep/ stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.16. prefer 宾语to 宾语17. used to do sth.18. be/get/become used to doing sth.19. 含有too . to do sth.结构的句型20. 含有so.that的句型21. it takes/took sb. to do sth.22spend 名词on sth./ doing sth.23. see/ hear/ watch sb. do/doing sth.24. thanks for + doing sth.25. the 形容词/副词的比较级，the 形容词/副词的比较级.二、中考经常考到的重点句型详解：1. be afraid of doing / that 从句这个句型表示“某人害怕做某事”，be动词随着句子的主语人称和数的变化而变化。(1) be afraid of的后面用名词或动名词形式作宾语，表示“某人害怕做某事”。也可以用be afraidto do sth. 例如：my little sister is afraid of dogs.我的小妹妹害怕狗.he doesnt want to speak english, because he is afraid of making mistakes.他不想说英语，因为害怕出错。(2) be afraid +that从句，一般用来要说出对方不想听到的内容的客气的说法。多译成“恐怕”。例如：i am afraid that i cant help you. 我恐怕不能帮助你。随时练：many girls are afraid of _ out at night.a. to go b. go c. going d. goes【答案与解析】答案是c。在动词短语be afraid of的后面可以用名词、代词或者动名词形式作宾语，所以选c。2. be busy doing sth./ with sth.这个句型表示“某人忙于做某事”，be busy的后面接动词时用动名词，接名词或者代词时用be busy with。例如：our teacher is busy correcting our homework. 我们的老师正忙于批改我们的作业。=our teacher is busy with our homework.随时练： where is your mother? she is busy _ dinner for us at home.a. to cook b. cooks c. cook d. cooking【答案与解析】答案是d。在动词短语be busy 的后面用动名词形式作宾语表示“忙于做某事”的意思，所以选d。3. 主语be famous / late /ready / sorry for 宾语这个句型的意思是“因为某人或者某事而出名/ 迟到/ 做好准备/ 道歉”，其中介词for表示原因。例如：the old man is famous for his handwriting. 这个老年人因为他的书法而出名。we are sorry for not taking part in your birthday party.没能参加你的生日聚会我们感到抱歉。随时练：are you _ for the class? yes. lets begin.a. ready b. sorry c. happy d. tired【答案与解析】答案是a。be ready for表示“准备好做某事”的意思，所以选a。选项b虽然可以和for连用，但是意思不合题意；选项c一般和介词with连用，表示“对某事满意”；选项d和of连用表示“厌烦某事”。4. make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth使役动词make/ let/ have的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,意思是“使/ 让某人做某事”，而此句型谓语动词变成被动语态时要把省略的to加上。例如：my father often makes me do my homework for an hour at home.我的爸爸每天迫使我在家做一个小时的家庭作业。he was made to work more than ten hours a day. 每天他被迫工作十多个小时。随时练：our teacher lets us _ english every morning.a. to read b. read c. reading d. reads【答案与解析】答案是b。在动词let的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，所以选b。5. ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth.动词ask、tell、want的后面可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语，意思是“要求/ 告诉/ 想要某人做某事”。例如：my teacher often tells us to do our homework at home.我们的老师经常告诉我们在家做我们的家庭作业。随时练：what did your father say just now? he asked me _ him clean his car.a. help b. to help c. helping d. helps【答案与解析】答案是b。在动词ask的后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语表示“要求某人做某事”的意思，所以选b。6. give/ buy/ lend sb. sth.give/ buy/ lend等动词后可以跟双宾语，谓语动词的变化和句子的主语保持一致，意思是“给某人某物/ 给某人买某物/ 借给某人某物”，表示某物的宾语是直接宾语，表示某人的宾语是间接宾语。如果直接宾语在前面，间接宾语在后面要用介词to/for。有类似用法的动词有很多，常见的能与to连用的有：give，lend，bring，hand，pass，read，return，sell，show，teach，tell，throw常见的能与for连用的有：buy，choose，cook，find，get，make，order，prepare例如：my mother bought me a new sweater. my mother bought a new sweater for me.昨天晚上我妈妈给我买了一件新毛衣。随时练：kelly cooked dinner _ her parents while they were cleaning the yard.a. to b. for c. with d. at【答案与解析】答案是b。cook的后面用双宾语，当表示物的宾语在前面，表示人的宾语在后面时要用介词for。cook dinner for sb. “为某人做饭”，所以选b。7. tell/ ask + (sb.) +how to do sth.动词tell/ask/ know/ show等动词的后面用“疑问词+动词不定式”构成的短语作宾语，相当于疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：can you tell me where to buy this kind of flowers?can you tell me where i can buy this kind of flower？你能告诉我在哪里买这种花吗？随时练：why did your brother come here?he came here to ask _ computer games.a. how to play b. when can he play c. for play d. how playing【答案与解析】答案是a。在动词ask的后面用疑问词how和动词不定式构成的短语作宾语表示“如何玩电脑游戏”的意思，所以选a。8. its time (for somebody) to do sth.这个句型意思是“到了做某事的时间、该做某事了”，如果用名词表示事件，也可写成“its time for sth.”。其中it指时间。例如：its time for you to take some medicine. 到了你吃药的时间了。its time for bed. 到了上床睡觉的时间了。随时练：it was time for them_ basketball when we got there.a. play b. to playc. for play d. played【答案与解析】答案是b。 表示“到做某事的时间了”，动词要用不定式，所以选b。9. its 形容词for/ of somebody to do sth.这个句型it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，意思是“对某人来说做某事是怎么样的”。例如：its difficult for your brother to take the heavy box to his room.对你小弟弟来说把那个重箱子搬到他的房间里是困难的。如果句型中的形容词表示for/ of后面某人的性质和特点，一般用of；而形容词表示做某事的性质和特点，不能用来修饰的某人，就要用for。its too careless for you to make so many mistakes. 你出了这么多的错误真是太粗心了。（此句中可以说you are careless .，即careless可以修饰you。）随时练：its interesting _ in the park.a. for us playing soccer b. for us to have a picnicc. of us have a rest d. of us play soccer【答案与解析】答案是b。本题是考查不定式作句子的主语时用it代替作形式主语的用法。此处for us to have a picnic在句子中作主语，因为谓语部分是系动词加形容词，用it代替；interesting说明不定式的特征，用for引出某人，所以选b。10. would rather do .这个句型是表示“宁愿”的意思，表示选择，后接不带to的不定式。例如：id rather not say anything. 我宁愿不说任何事情。would you rather work on a farm? 你愿意你农场工作吗？由于would rather表示选择，后可接than，再接相比之下不愿意做的事。如：i would rather work on a farm than in a factory. 我宁愿在农场工作而不愿意在工厂工作。随时练：i would rather _ a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.a. to lose b. lose c. losing d. lost【答案与解析】答案是b。在would rather的后面用动词原形，所以选b。句意：我宁愿失去一打的樱桃树，也不愿意你说一次谎话。11. had better (not) do sth.这个句型要注意had better的后面用动词原形，had better可略写为d better，意思是“最好做某事”，否定形式在had better 后加not。例如：we had better go there on foot. 我们最好步行去那里。随时练：you had better _ it in english, because its an english exam.a. write b. to write c. writing d. writes【答案与解析】答案是a。在动词短语had better的后面用动词原形，表示某人最好做某事的意思，所以选a。12. its better/ best to do sth.这个句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，意思是“最好做某事”。表示相比较而言，做某事更好或最好。例如：its best to plant trees in the spring. 春天是植树的最好季节。随时练：its best _ soccer on the playground.a. to play b. play c. playing d. to play the【答案与解析】答案是a。本题是考查it在句子中作主语，后面的动词不定式是句子的主语。所以选a。13. feel like/ enjoy/ finish/ practice/ mind doing sth.在动词enjoy(喜欢)、finish (完成)、practice (练习)、mind (介意)和短语feel like (想要)的后面必须用动名词作宾语。例如：do you mind my smoking here? 我在这里吸烟你在意吗？随时练：some boys are practicing _ english with the foreigner there.a. speak b. to speak c. speaking d. spoke【答案与解析】答案是c。本题是考查动词practice的后面用动名词形式作宾语的用法，意思是“练习做某事”。所以选择c。14. stopto do (doing) sth.动词stop的后面可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，区别如下：stop doing sth.作宾语停止正在做的事情stop to do sth. 作目的状语，停下来（手头的事）开始做某事。例如：its time for class. you should stop talking. 现在上课了，你们应该停止谈话。随时练：we have worked for three hours. lets stop _.a. to have a rest b. having a rest c. have a rest d. resting【答案与解析】答案是a。本题考查动词stop的后面接动名词还是用动词不定式的用法辨析，从句意“我们已经工作了三个小时，咱们停下来休息一下”可知，要用动词不定式表示停止工作开始休息的意思，所以选a。15. keep/ stop/ prevent sb. fromdoing sth.动词keep/ stop/ prevent和介词from连用，表示某人阻止某人做某事，from后面如果接动词要用动名词形式。例如：the trees can keep the water from running away. 树木能够阻止水流失。随时练：the branches of the trees kept the boy from _ off to the deep river.a. to drop b. drop c. dropping d. dropped【答案与解析】答案是c。本题是考查动词keep somebody from doing sth.的用法，表示“阻止某人做某事”的意思，所以选c。句意：树枝接住了那个男孩，使他没有落入深深的河水中。16. prefer 宾语ato 宾语b这个句型表示与b事相比更喜欢做a事，其中两个宾语的形式一般是一致的，如果用动词，都要用动名词形式。例如：my father prefers apples to bananas. 我爸爸喜欢苹果胜过香蕉。he is a man who prefers doing to talking. 他是个喜欢做而不喜欢说的人。随时练：we prefer _ to _. what about you?a. swimming；skating b. to swim; skatingc. skate; swim d. swim; skate【答案与解析】答案是a。本题是考查动词短语prefer to的用法，to的前后都用动名词形式表示“喜欢做某事胜过做另一件事”，所以选择a。17. used to do sth.这个句型在used to的后面要用动词原形，其中to是不定式符号，表示“过去常常做某事”，现在已经不做了。例如：my father used to be a math teacher. 我的爸爸过去曾经是一名数学老师。18. be/get/become used to doing sth.这个句型在be/get/become used to的后面用动名词形式做宾语，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，可以用于各种时态。例如：my little brother has been used to getting up early to go to school.我小弟弟已经习惯早起上学了。随时练：1. are you used to _ in the village school? no, i cant get well on with the children there.a. study b. studying c. to study d. studied2. my brother used to _ late for school, but now he isnt.a. is b. be c. are d. was【答案与解析】1. 答案是b。be used to的后面用动名词形式作宾语，表示某人习惯于做某事的意思，所以选b。2. 答案是b。used to的后面用动词原形表示某人过去常常做某事的意思，所以选b。19. 含有too . to do sth.结构的句型这是一个简单句的句型，表示“太.以至于/而不能做某事”。其中too可以修饰形容词和副词，意思是“太”，后面的to do sth. 是结果状语。例如：your brother is too young to go to school. 你弟弟太小还不能去上学。20. 含有so.that的句型这是一个复合句的句型，意思是“太.以至于不能做某事的意思，与含有 too . to do sth. 是同义句。例如：i got up so late that i couldnt catch the first bus.我起床如此晚以至于我没能赶上第一班公共汽车。此句也可以改为：i got up too late to catch the first bus. 我起床太晚了，赶不上第一班公共汽车了。随时练：1. your brother is _ young _ he cant go to school.a. too. to b. very. to c. so. that d. too. that2. you are _ young to go to college.a. so b. to c. very d. too【答案与解析】1. 答案是c。本题是考查用so that引导的表示结果的状语从句的用法，表示某人太.以至于不能做某事，因为后面是结果状语从句，所以选c。2. 答案是d。本题是考查短语too形容词to的用法，表示某人太.以至于不能做某事，所以选d。21. it take sb. some time/money to do sth.这个句型表示“做某事花费某人的时间或金钱”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面 的动词不定式短语。take的时态要根据句子的具体要求去确定。例如：it took me two hours to do my homework yesterday afternoon.昨天下午做家庭作业花了我两个小时。22. spend some time/ money on sth./ (in) doing sth.这个句型的主语是人，spend的后面可以接时间或钱作宾语，用介词on名词或in+动名词表示某人花费时间或者金钱所做的事，in可以省略。例如：i spent two hours on my homework last night. 昨天晚上我花了两个小时做作业。he spends most of his money in traveling around the country.他把大部分钱都花在周游全国了。随时练：1. my father often spends one hour _ tv after dinner at home.a. watch b. to watch c. watching d. watches2. it _ them two thousand yuan to buy this computer.a. spent b. paidc. took d. to take【答案与解析】1. 答案是c。本题是考查spend后用动名词表示某人花费时间或者金钱做某事的意思，省略了介词in，所以选c。2. 答案是c。本题是考查句型it takessb. to do sth.的用法，表示做某事花费某人的时间或金钱，所以选c。23. see/ hear/ watch/ sb. do/ doing sth.这个句型是表示“某人听/看到某人做某事”，这些动词的后面用省略to的动词不定式或现在分词（动词-ing形式）作宾语补足语。用动词原形作宾语补足语时，表示听或看到某人做某事的全过程；用现在分词（动词-ing形式）作宾语补足语表示听或看到某人正在做某事。例如：i saw your father watching tv when i left your home.当我离开你家的时候看到你的父亲正在看电视。we saw him put on his coat and go out. 我们看见他穿上大衣出去了。随时练：do you hear someone _ in our classroom just now?a. to sing b. sing c. singing d. sings【答案与解析】答案是c。在hear somebody的后面用现在分词形式作宾语补足语，表示听到某人正在做某事，所以本题选择c。24. thanks for + doing sth.这个句型是用动名词作for的宾语表示“因为（某人）做某事而感谢（某人）”，也可用thank you代替thanks。例如：thanks for telling me the news. 谢谢你告诉我这个消息。随时练：thanks for _ me to your birthday party.a. to invite b. invite c. invited d. inviting【答案与解析】答案是d。本题是考查动名词作介词宾语的用法，介词for后面用动名词形式作宾语表示感谢的原因，所以选d。25. the 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语，the 形容词/副词的比较级主语谓语这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越.，（就）越.”。例如：the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越小心，出现的问题就越少。注意：另一种句型：比较级and比较级这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越.”。 例如：longer and longer 越来越长； more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。随时练：the _ you study, the _ you will get.a. more; more b. hard; good c. harder; well d. more; good【答案与解析】答案是a。本题是考查形容词比较级的叠加用法，句意：你学得越多，你得到的就越多。所以选a。易错点点拨：1汉语意义相似句型结构混淆make/ let /have sb. (not) do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，是省掉to的不定式，后直接加动词原形。例如：my mother made me help the old man go shopping yesterday.ask / tell /want sb. (not) to do sth. 表示“要/告诉某人做某事”，这里的动词不定式不能省掉to。the teacher asks us to study hard every day.2在复合结构中作宾语补足语的不同动词形式表达意义模糊。句型see/ hear/ watch/ sb. do sth.表示“某人听/看到某人做某事”，这些动词的后面用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。表示听或看到某人做某事的全过程。they knew her very well. they had seen her grow up from childhood.（强调长大的过程）他们很了解她，他们看着她从孩提时代长大。句型see/ hear/ watch/ sb. doing sth.用现在分词（动词-ing形式）作宾语补足语，表示听或看到某人正在做某事。i heard someone singing in the classroom.我听到有人在教室里唱歌。（强调正在唱歌）3. 相似句式意义区别不清。used to do sth.这个句型在used to的后面要用动词原形，其中to是不定式符号，表示“过去常常做某事”，现在已经不做了。例如：i used to get up early to catch a bus，but now i have a car.过去我常早起赶公交，现在我有车了。be/get/become used to doing sth.这个句型在be/get/become used to的后面用动名词形式做宾语，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，可以用于各种时态。例如：they got used to living in the village . 他们已经习惯住在村庄了。中考真题1、 根据中文意思完成句子。（2010北京）1今天天气很好。为什么不出去散散步？ its fine today. _ go out for a walk?2该考虑一下我们的暑假计划了。 _ to think about our plan for the summer vacation.3北京以其众多的名胜古迹而闻名于世。 beijing _ its many places of interest in the world.4在体育测试中，我尽力了。 _ possible in the pe test.5你最好不要过分依赖父母，学会照顾自己。 _ your parents, and learn to look after yourself.【答案与解析】1why not why not + do.? 意为“为什么不?”2its time its time to do sth. 是干某事的时候了。3is famous for be famous for 以而著名。4i tried as hard as as. as possible 尽可能5youd better not depend too much on had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事；depend on依靠。二、根据所给中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。（2010天津）1这所房子两年前属于我姑姑。 this house_ _ my aunt two years ago.2这些巧克力都是手工制作的。 these chocolates are all made _ _.3我九岁时去小电台求过职。 i _ _ a job at small stations at the age of nine.4那时他在努力算出这道数学题。 he was trying to _ _ this maths problem at that time.5史密斯先生说话很慢以便学生们能够听清楚。 mr smith speaks slowly _ _ the students can hear him clearly.【答案与解析】1belonged to belong to是固定短语，意为“属于”。2by hand make by hand手工制作。3asked for ask for是固定短语，意为“请求”。4work out work out是固定短语，意为“算出”。5so that so that意为“以便”，引导目的状语。三、根据汉语意思和英语提示翻译句子。（2010四川成都）1冬天，露西常常抱怨说她再也受不了伦敦又阴又冷的天气。(no longer) _2这些学习策略主要针对包括英语在内的外语学习。(aim at；include) _3至于说到我的愿望，我想在某个安静的地方休息两个月。(as for；somewhere) _4比较西安与成都，你会发现它们在某些方面相似。(compare. with；and；in some ways) _5他专心研究濒危动物，并逐渐习惯了岛上的艰苦生活。(concentrate on；and；get used to) _【答案解析】1in winter，lucy often complains that she can no longer stand the cloudy and cold weather in london.2these learning strategies mainly aim at foreign languages study, including english.3as for my wish, i want to rest for two months somewhere quiet. 注意要说somewhere quiet，而不要说quiet somewhere.4compare xian with chengdu, and you will find (that) they are similar in some ways (to each other). compare a with b把a和b相比较。5he concentrated on the research of the endangered animals, and gradually got used to the hard life on the island. concentrate on 专心于；get used to习惯。自我检测一、单项选择。1. its important _ the piano well.a. of him to playb. for him to playc. of him playing d. for him playing2. my parents always tell me _ others late at night. theyre right. its not polite.a. call b. not call c. to call d. not to call3. its 9 oclock now. i must go. its raining outside. dont leave _ it stops.a. whenb. since c. while d. until4. would you mind _ me how _ english words?a. tell, to remember b. telling, rememberc. telling, to rememberd. tell, remember5. his parents were worried that he _ too much time chatting online.a. spent b. costc. paid d. had6. what about _ a picnic this saturday. thats a good idea.a. have b. has c. to have d. having7. i _ think monkeys _ swim.a. /; cantb. dont; can c. dont cant d. /; wont8. you _ buy a ticket to get into a zoo. only a kid no taller than 1.1 meters can enter freely.a. are supposed tob. are allowed toc. happen to d. are sure to二、根据所给的汉语提示完成下列的句子。1. 在这么繁忙的路上骑自行车那么快是危险的。 _ _ to ride fast on a busy road.2. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去爬山。 if it _ _ tomorrow, we will climb the hill.3. 我和他都不是来自四川。 _ i _ he _ from sichuan.4. 你的弟弟和妹妹都喜欢吃水饺。 both your brother and your sister_ _ dumplings.5. 迈克喜欢集邮.我也也喜欢。 mike enjoys_stamps.sodoi.6. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 spring comes.it is getting _ _ _.7. 母亲试图阻止小女儿晚上出去。 the mother tried to _ her young daughter from _ _ at night.8. 直到我收到爸爸送给我的手表，我才意识到时间的重要性。 i _ know the importance of the time _ i received the watch from my father.9. 大型考试总是使我感到紧张。 the big exam always makes me _ _.10. 我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。ill tell him the news _ _ _ i see him.11. 这部电视连续剧不如那部有趣。(tv series)the tv series is not _ _ _ that one.12. 中国是世界上最大的国家之一china is _ _ _ _ _ in the world.13. 明天上午咱们去购物吧。_ _ shopping tomorrow morning.14. 你认为“动物世界”怎么样？我很喜欢。_ do you _ _ animal world? i like it very much.15. 我喜欢观看孩子们在花园里高兴地玩耍。i like to _ the children _ happily in the garden.三、完形填空ag