哈姆雷特的性格浅析Analysis of the Character of Hamlet 论文最终定稿.pdf

毕业设计（论文） analysis of the character of hamlet 学 院： 外 国 语 学 院 专 业： 姓 名： 指导老师： 英 语 学 号： 职 称： 教 授 中国xxx 二一年 五月 xxxxxxxxxxxx 理工大学理工大学理工大学理工大学 xxxxxxxxxxxx 学院毕业设计学院毕业设计学院毕业设计学院毕业设计（论文论文论文论文） 诚信承诺书诚信承诺书诚信承诺书诚信承诺书 本人郑重承诺：本人郑重承诺：本人郑重承诺：本人郑重承诺：我所呈交的毕业设计（论文） analysis of the character of hamlet 是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究取得的成果，文中引 用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，设计（论文） 使用的数据真实可靠。 承诺人签名： 日期： 年 月 日 xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科生毕业论文 i analysis of the character of hamlet abstract william shakespeare, the most remarkable playwright and a poet of england in the period of the renaissance in european, an outstanding representative of humanitarianism, is one of the founders of modern european literature. being one of the worlds greatest writers, he was recognized as the pinnacle of english renaissance. in his works, hamlet, one of the four tragedies, is considered the summit of shakespeares art. many characters were created by shakespeare with unique creative technique in writing. these characters were alive with the unique personality, particularly in hamlet, the image of hamlet; the prince of denmark is most well-known. hamlet is a prince with humanistic ideas. he has “the courtiers, soldiers, scholars eye tongue, sword,” he is “th expectancy and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form,” however, he was dithery and delayed. his melancholy is the reason that makes the image has a monumental artistic charm. in this paper, the main target is to analyze the character of hamlet. through the overview of the plot of hamlet, the main characters of hamlet in hamlet were shown-melancholy and delay have analyzed. as the representative of humanitarianism, how has hamlet shown the psychology of hesitation in his revenge, and at the same time we should analyze how to realize his character of delay in the contradiction of his family and love. this thesis also analyzes the causes and the background of the formation of hamlets character. in conclusion, in order to achieve a better understanding and excavation the literary value of hamlet, the thesis summarizes hamlet has melancholy, delay of the personality traits, and then expresses the view of the author in hamlet, as well as the impact of this work. deepening the analysis and understanding of the character in british and american literature, we can have a better understanding the social background at that time by analyzing hamlets character. key words: hamlet analysis of the character melancholy delay xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科生毕业论文 ii 哈姆雷特的性格浅析哈姆雷特的性格浅析哈姆雷特的性格浅析哈姆雷特的性格浅析 摘摘摘摘 要要要要 威廉莎士比亚是是欧洲文艺复兴时期英国最伟大的剧作家和诗人，卓越的人文主义 思想的代表，近代欧洲文学的奠基者之一。他被公认为英国文艺复兴的顶峰，是全世界最 伟大的作家之一。在其所创作的作品中，四大悲剧之一的哈姆雷特被认为是其巅峰之 作。莎士比亚以其独特的创作手法，塑造了一个有一个的人物形象。这些人物形象栩栩如 生，独具个性，尤其以哈姆雷特中丹麦王子哈姆雷特的形象最为著名。哈姆雷特是一 个有着人文主义思想的王子，他有“骑士的眼睛，学者的辩舌，军人的利剑” ，他是“国 家所瞩望的娇花，时流的明镜，人伦的典范，举世瞩目的中心。 ”但在他的性格中却有着 犹豫不定，延宕的一面。但正是因为他的忧郁延宕才使得这一形象有着不朽的艺术魅力。 本文主要是对哈姆雷特这一人物形象的性格浅析：通过，概述哈姆雷特主要的故事情 节，分析出哈姆雷特在哈姆雷特中呈现的主要性格忧郁，延宕的性格特征。作为 人文主义的代表哈姆雷特是如何在复仇中，表现出反复迟疑，犹豫不决的心理；同时又怎 样体现了其处于亲情，爱情中矛盾，延宕的性格。论文还进一步的分析了形成哈姆雷特性 格的成因和背景，从而，总结出哈姆雷特忧郁，延宕的性格特征，进而表达出作者对哈 姆雷特这部作品的看法以及作品对其的影响，达到更好地理解与挖掘哈姆雷特的文 学价值，以及通过对哈姆雷特的人物分析理解当时的社会背景，深化对英美文学作品 中对人物性格的分析与理解。 关键词： 哈姆雷特 性格浅析 忧郁 延宕 contentcontentcontentcontent abstract . abstract in chinese 1 introduction . 1 1.1 research creative background of hamlet 1 1.2 study implications . 1 2 background knownledge of shakespeare and hamlet 3 2.1 a brief introduction about william shakespeare 3 2.2 introduction about hamlet . 4 3 analyze the character of hamlet 6 3.1 character analysis from the relationship . 6 3.1.1 between son and his dead father . 6 3.1.2 between son and his mother . 8 3.1.3 between nephew and his uncle . 9 3.2 character analysis from language . 10 3.2.1 hamlets inner monologue on death issues . 10 3.2.2 the monologue after met the ghost of the old king 11 4 the main reason leading to the formation of hamlets character 13 4.1 the reasons for depression 13 4.2 the reasons for delay 13 4.3 the influence of the society 14 5 the influence of hamlet 15 xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 6 conclusion . 16 references 17 acknowledgements 18 xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 1 1 introduction in the 8th century, there was a prince in denmark. the old king was murdered and usurped the throne by his brother. the prince was told the truth by the ghost of his father. in order to revenge for his father, he and his uncle started a fierce struggle. finally, he died in the trap being set by his uncle. before he died, he killed his uncle to avenge for his father. this is shakespeares representative work-hamlet. the classic image of the hero, hamlet, is undoubtedly the focus that the world concerned. 1.1 research background hamlet is seen as the highest artistic achievements of shakespeare. this work is a typical story of revenge. the book describes the story of prince hamlet. hamlets most famous traits of character are depression and delay. the success of this literary image of hamlet is closely linked to the social background. in the 1600s, at the end of the reign of queen elizabeth, when shakespeare was writing hamlet, it was the period of transition of power between elizabeth and james. with the intensification of various contradictions of the society in british, the social evils were increasingly exposure. during this period, shakespeares thoughts and arts have become mature, but his humanist ideals fierce collided with the social reality. facing this brutal war, as the representative of humanism, the author had completely lost the confidence of the reality. it had been difficult for him to achieve the ideal. so he had to change his writing style from the praise of the early ideals of humanism into the exposure and the criticism of the communitys dark. through creating hamlets character of depression and delays cleverly, shakespeare poured his disappointment and even despair as a humanist, and the crisis of humanism was reflected. hamlet, this typical image of the tragic hero, is a concentration and the generalization, and also he is a contradiction of the collision between the ideal and the reality. after comprehending the creative background of hamlet, we will have a better understanding about the character of hamlet. 1.2 study implications in this paper, the main target is to analyze the character of hamlet. through the overview of the plot of hamlet, we can analyze the main characters of hamlet in hamlet that were shown-melancholy and delay. procrastination not only complicates the plot of the tragedy but enriches its characterization. hamlet delayed his revenge over and over again mainly because of xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 2 his complicated character. this thesis also analyzes the causes and the background of the formation of hamlets character. in conclusion, in order to achieve a better understanding and excavation the literary value of hamlet, the thesis summarizes hamlet has melancholy, delay of the personality traits. deepening the analysis and understanding of the character in the british and american literature, we can have a better understanding about the social background at that time. xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 3 2 background knowledge of shakespeare and hamlet being one of the worlds greatest writers, william shakespeare was recognized as the pinnacle of english renaissance. hamlet has always been considered the highest achievement of shakespeare. the drama owns everything that the most outstanding works should have: the impressionistic portrayal of the character, the suspension in play, the horror death, and the poetics and so on. shakespeare has the most incisive and the most profound thinking on the nature of life throughout the full-text. this made the reader with a strong shock. 2.1 a brief introduction about william shakespeare william shakespeare (1564-1616) is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known. with his 38 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature. he has also been given the highest praises by various scholars and critics the world over. in the past four hundred years or so, books and essays on shakespeare and his works have kept coming out in large quantities. william shakespeare was born probably on april 23, 1564, into a merchants family in stratford-on-avon. his father, john shakespeare, who was variously described as glover, wool-dealer, farmer, and butcher, was a man of some importance in the town, repeatedly serving as a member of the town council. shakespeare spent his childhood in that beautiful market town and attended the stratford grammar school. his real teachers were nature and its people that surrounded him. in 1582, shakespeare married anne hathaway, a woman several years his senior. she gave birth to three children: susanna and the twins, judith and hamnet. it was probably because he had to support his growing family that shakespeare left stratford for london in 1586 or 1587. shakespeare went to london which afforded a wonderful environment for the development of drama. shakespeare worked both as actor and playwright. he acted with and wrote for the lord chamberlains men, which was later renamed the king men. shakespeare established himself so well as a playwright that robert greene, one of the “university wits,” resentfully declared him to be “an upstart crow.” from about 1591 to about 1611, shakespeare was in the prime of his dramatic career and his plays come out one after another. shakespeare did not confine his genius merely to the theatre. in 1593 and 1594, he published two narrative poems, venus and adonis and the rape of lucrece, both of which were dedicated to the earl of southampton. he also wrote sonnets, which were published in 1609. by 1597, shakespeare was so prosperous that he bought the largest house in stratford, known as new place. about 1610 shakespeare left london and retired to stratford, xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 4 thought he continued to write for some time. he died on april 23, 1616. as the precise dates of many of shakespeares plays are still in doubt, critics hold different views to the division of his dramatic career. but generally his dramatic career is divided into four periods. the first period of shakespeares dramatic career was one of apprenticeship. he wrote five history plays: henry , parts,and, richard , and titus andronicus; and four comedies: the comedy of errors, the two gentlemen of verona, the taming of the shrew, and loves labours lost. in the second period, shakespeares style and approach became highly individualized. by constructing a complex pattern between different characters and between appearance and reality, shakespeare made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. in this period he wrote five histories: richard , king john, henry , partsand, and henry ; six comedies: a midsummer nights dream, the merchant of venice, much ado about nothing, as you like it, twelfth night, and the merry wives of windsor; and two tragedies: romeo and juliet and julius caesar. shakespeares third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. the tragedies of this period are hamlet, othello, king lear, macbeth, antony and cleopatra, troilus and cressida, and coriolanus. the two comedies are alls well that ends well and mearsure for measure. the last period of shakespeares work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies: pericles, cymbeline, the winters tale and the tempest; and his two final plays: henry and the two noble kinsmen. hamlet is considered the summit of shakespeares art. the story comes from an old danish legend. under shakespeares pen, the medieval story assumed a new meaning. 2.2 introduction about hamlet hamlet, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as shakespeares most popular play on the stage. the play was probably written around 1601, based on a widespread legend in northern europe. the play is about hamlet, the prince of denmark, who tries to avenge his fathers murder. the scene of the play is laid in denmark. gertrude, queen of denmark, widowed by the sudden death of the king, within two months marries the late kings bother claudius, who thus becomes the new king. prince hamlet, son of the late king, returns home from the university of wittenberg. he suspects foul play on the part of claudius, his uncle. then his fathers ghost appears to him at the castle of elsinor, and confirms hamlets suspicion. he undertakes to xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 5 avenge the murder. to dull claudius vigilance, hamlet pretends to be an emotional disturbance due to his passion for ophelia, daughter of polonius. at this moment, a company of players visits the castle, and hamlet has a play acted, which resembles the late kings murder. the guilty claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out. gertrude sends hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals claudius baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage, which renders the queen heart-broken. then hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation. thinking it is claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be polonius. the king now determines to destroy hamlet. he sends hamlet to england, intending to have him killed there. but pirates capture hamlet and send him back to denmark again. heart-broken at the death of her father, poor ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream. hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral. in the graveyard he has a quarrel with laertes, ophelias brother. laertes vows to avenge the death of his sister and father. with him claudius conspires to do away with hamlet. the king arranges that laertes is to challenge hamlet to a friendly duel and kill him with a poisoned rapier. in the duel, laertes wounds hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon. before death, laertes reveals the plot. the queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for hamlet. hamlet, in a passion, stabs the king, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to fortinbras of norway. with shakespeares unique creative approach, a lively, unique personality image of hamlet show in our eyes. hamlet is a prince with humanistic ideas. he has “the courtiers, soldiers, scholars eye tongue, sword,” he is “th expectancy and rose of the fair state, the glass of fashion and the mould of form.”act , scene 1 however, he is dithery and delayed. his melancholy is the reason that makes the image has a monumental artistic charm. xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 6 3 analyze the character of hamlet since hamlet was first performed in the 17th century, countless readers greatly admired this honourable prince of denmark. between the lines in shakespeares hamlet, people are searching for revenge figure of the prince and have shaped the hamlets image of their own. his father was died and mother takes new husband. his uncle usurped the throne. when it all gets turned around and round, hamlet is almost lost the courage to survive. the world, this life, for he had no nostalgia and the sadness pushed him to the edge of life and death. after his dead fathers ghost had appeared, hamlet has known the truth. however, he did not revenge impulsively. he meditated on the revenge plan with his anxiety and hesitation, so that the time for revenge was delayed. finally he and his enemy perished tighter. from the image of hamlet, we can see the human vulnerability and the brutality of the environment is so contrary but complementary to each other. ultimately, when hamlet faced with the war, the main characters of him-depression and delay were expressed before us. 3.1 character analysis from the relationship as we all know, hamlet main focused on the relationships of family, love, and friendship. in hamlet there are complicated characters and contradictory relationship between the three types of ethics. however, through these complicated relationship we can analyze the main character of hamlet-depression and delay. 3.1.1 between son and his dead father in the varieties of complex relationships, the relationship between hamlet and the ghost of his dead father is the most important. his fathers sudden death led him to change the views of the whole world. together with his uncle usurped the throne and his mother remarried others, we can see hamlet is filled with depression and anger. he should have revenge, for the throne, for his mother. however, he also thinks that if he revenges for those, he will be the same as his uncle, a person who is full of evil ideas. then he has delayed his revenge, and his inner is full of contradictions of revenge. before hamlet met his fathers ghost, at first, as the representative of humanitarianism, hamlet did not believe the existence of the ghost. even he was depressed and had suicidal thoughts before he met the ghost. in the play, in front of the king and queen, he showed depression, anger and hostility. we noted hamlet in particular mentioned that, “o, that this too too solid flesh would melt, thaw and resolve itself into a dew, xxx 理工大学 xxx 学院 2010 届本科毕业论文 7 or that the everlasting had not fixed his canon gainst self-slaughter. o god, god, how weary, stale, flat and unprofitable seem to me all the uses of this world! fie ont, ah fie, tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature possess it merely. that it should come to this! but two months dead-nay not so much, not two- so excellent a king, that was to this hyperion to a satyr.” act , scene 2 after the ghost told him the truth, then he realized his obligation to avenge his father. on the one hand, hamlet had the strong revenge feeling for his father in his mind. “haste me to knowt that i with wings as swift as medi