大学英语课件不定式动名词讲解

L/O/G/O 非谓语动词 动词不定式与动名词 Review and Practice 非谓语动词：分词、不定式和动名词，其中分词包括现 在分词和过去分词。他们在句中不能单独做谓语，没 有人称和数的变化，可以充当各种句子成分。 1. 不定式(to do)的句法功能：可以在句中作主语、 宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语 1）作主语（常用it放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式转 移到谓语后面） 1.To be a good teacher requires experience. 当好老师需要经验。 2. It is important for us to have a good command of language. 掌握好语言对我们很重要 2）作宾语（形式为动词+不定式或者动词+wh-词+不 定式） I didnt know when to switch the machine off. 我不知道什么时候把那台机器关掉。 3）作宾语补足语（形式为a.动词+名字/代词+不定式 b.动词+it+形容词+不定式 c.） 1. He encouraged us to try again。 他鼓励我们再试一次。 2. We found it impossible to cheat him. 我们发现要骗他是不可能的。 4）作定语 Thats the best way to solve the problem. 那是解决问题的最好办法。 5）作状语 1. To do his work Einstein needed only a pen and a pad of paper.(目的) 为了做他的工作，爱因斯坦只需要一支笔和一叠纸 。 2. I was too depressed to feel nervous. 因为心情非常沮丧，我竟然不感到紧张了。 2. 后面直接跟不定式的动词：afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, resolve, seem, threaten, volunteer, want, wish 1）Charles didnt dare to explain his opinion. 查尔斯不敢说明他的意见 2）We determined to be cautious. 我们决定要小心从事。 3. 不带to 的不定式： 1.1)在had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well ( 不妨)， cannot but (不得不)等搭配之后，动词不定 式不带to. 2. They cannot but accept his blackmail. 3. 他们只得接受了他的敲诈。 4.2)在部分固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式，比如 ：make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let go of, hear say, hear tell, leave go of 5. Ive heard tell of him. 我听到有人说起过她。 3)在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，如动词时表示感觉意 义的“see, feel, smell, hear, watch”，或是表示 “致使”的have, make, let 1. John made her tell him what she was doing for the government。 2. 约翰让她说出了正在为政府所做的一切。 3.4)在介词except, but之后，如果其前有动词do的某 种形式，不定式一般不带to，反之则须带to。 4. There nothing to do except wait till the final result is out. 5. There is no choice but to wait till the final result is out. 5)在“why?”或“why not?”结构中，紧接其后的动 词不定式总是不带to. 1. Why argue with your boss? 2. 为什么跟你老板争辩？ 3.6)用作补语的动词不定式，如主语是“all+关系分句” 、“thing+关系分句”、“what-分句”、“thing+不定 式结构”等构成，并带有动词do的某种形式，这时可 以省略to,也可以不省。 4. All you do now is eat as much as you can。 5. 你现在要做的就是尽可能地吃。 1.7)在动词help(或help+宾语)之后可用不带to不定式 ，也可以用带to的不定式。 2. Can I help (to) make the bed? 3. 我能帮忙把床铺一下吗？ 4. 动名词 的句法功能： 1.1）Transplanting will soon start. 2. 移植就要开始了。（主语） 3.2）its no use waiting. 4.等是没有用的。（主语） 3）would you mind standing on your head? 1. 要你倒立你不介意吧？（宾语） 2.4）My favorite sport is swimming. 3. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 4.5）His job is looking after the two dogs of the old woman. 5. 他的工作是照料老太太的两条狗。（主语补足语） 5. 必须用动名词作宾语的动词：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, deny, escape, fancy, favour, hate, risk, miss, resent, delay, suggest, ensure, endure, forgive, imagine, mind, mention, dislike, postpone, excuse, understand, cant help, cant stand, object to, look forward to, be used to 1. She resented him being promoted before her. 2. 她非常痛恨他比她先得到提升。 6. 动名词的一些惯用法： 1）There is no +V.-ing “是不可能的” 1. There is no knowing how she stole the necklace. 2. 想知道她是怎么偷到项链是根本不可能的。 3.2）go+V.-ing (在此-ing动词大多指运动和游戏) 4. We went shopping. 我们去买东西。 5.3）make a point of +V.-ing “认为是必要的” 6. Our family make a point of reading a lot of classical novels. 7. 我们家人都认为阅读古典小说是很有必要的。 4）It is no use (good/fun/picnic)+V.-ing 1. There is no picnic having to look after him all day. 2. 整天