2010职称英语考试综合类阅读理解

更多精品下载百校通论坛：2010年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解新增文章-书中第5篇第五篇 Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.The survey is jointly sponsored by China Daily and Genron NPO1, a Japanese think tank similar to the American Council on Foreign Relations. It also found overwhelming agreement in both countries that Sino-Japanese relations were important. The survey is a part of the Beijing-Tokyo Forum, an annual gathering of senior government officials and representatives from Chinese and Japanese NGOs2 designed to improve communication and understanding between the two countries. Conducted every year for five years now, the survey focused on two different groups of people: ordinary citizens, and intellectuals. In China, the intellectual group was comprised mainly of university students from well-known schools like Peking University. In Japan, the intellectual group was mainly made up of previous members of Genron NPO. Among ordinary Chinese polled, 35.7 percent said they have very good or relatively good impressions of Japan, a 5.5-percentage-point increase compared with last year. 45.2 percent of Chinese students had a positive impression of Japan, two percentage points more than last year. Only 26.6 percent of Japanese have a positive impression of China, however. Still, an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country said Sino-Japanese relations were important and wanted their leaders to deepen talks and cooperation with each other. But 51.9 percent of ordinary people and 42.4 percent of students in China said they saw no change in relations between the two countries over the last year. In Japan, 64.8 percent of those ordinary people and 53.4 percent of intellectuals surveyed shared the view that there was no improvement in bilateral ties this year.from Historical issues and territorial disputes remain two major obstacles to improving bilateral relations, the survey found. What concerns the Chinese most are historical issues, visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni Shrine3, and the Nanjing Massacre. Perceptions on economic and trade relations have improved, though. About 47 percent of ordinary Japanese said China had been helpful this year in fighting the global economic crisis, compared with just 30 percent last year. The percent of Japanese intellectuals who said Chinese economic growth was good for Japan increased from 65.8 percent to 81.4 percent this year. Cooperation in East Asian issues, trade and investment, energy, and the environment and climate change top the list of common concerns that people in China and Japan want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings, the survey found. Civil exchanges were regarded by the most people from the both countries as an important way to improve relations. 90.7 percent of the students and 85.7 percent of the ordinary people in China and 95.8% of intellectuals and 74.8% of the ordinary people in Japan viewed civil exchanges as important or relatively important. Chinese and Japanese both learn about each others countries mostly through television news and newspapers, the survey found.词汇：animosity n. 憎恶；敌意；仇恨massacre n. 大屠杀overwhelming adj. 压倒性的，势不可挡的bilateral adj. 有两边的；（两党、两国等）双边的注释：1. NPO：是英文non-profit organization的缩写，直译为非营利性的组织。2. NGO：是英文non-government organization的缩写，直译为非政府组织。3. Yasukuni Shrine 靖国神社。练习：1. Which of the following statements about the survey is true?A) The survey was conducted on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing.B) The survey is jointly sponsored by y China Daily, Genron NPO and theAmerican Council on Foreign Relations.C) The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agreethat the relationship between the two countries is important.D) The survey mainly focused on two different groups of people: ordinarycitizens, and the university students.2. According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo ForumA) is held every year in Beijing.B) aims at promoting communication between the two countries.C) mainly attracts representatives from the governments of the twocountriesD) releases a survey on Sino-Japanese relation every five years.3. In the last year, _% of ordinary Chinese and _% of Chinesestudents have a positive impression of Japan.A) 35.7; 45.2B) 51.9; 42.4C) 5.5; 26.6D) 30.2; 43.24. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improvingbilateral ties?A) territorial disputesB) trade frictionsC) visits by Japanese officials to Yasukuni ShrineD) the Nanjing Massacre5. The survey found thatA) most Japanese had good or relatively good impressions of China.B) the bilateral relationship was perceived as being improved over lastyear by the majority of respondents from the both countries.C) an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believedthat the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations.D) The territorial issue ranked among the top list of common concerns thatpeople in both countries want their leaders to talk about in bilateral meetings.答案与题解：1C 从第二段最后一句话可知，中日两国民众普遍认为两国之间的关系很重要。2B 第三段明确表示，论坛的宗旨是为了增进两国之间的沟通和理解。3D 第五段中说本年度普通中国人和大学生中对日本印象较好的人所占比例分别为35.7和45.2，分别比上一年度增长5.5 个百分点和2 个百分点，因此可以计算出去年普通中国人和大学生对日本持积极态度的百分比分别为30.2和43.2。4B 第八段列出了阻碍中日关系正常发展的主要障碍，分别是领土争端和历史问题，后者包括南京大屠杀和日本领导人参拜靖国神社。贸易摩擦则没有提及。5C 从倒数第三段提供的数据可知，中日两国大多数人认为民间交往是促进两国关系发展的重要途径。2010年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解新增文章-书中第30篇第三十篇 Wikipedia1 Imposes New Curbs on Editing Articles Wikipedia, the famous online encyclopedia, is looking to impose morediscipline with new restrictions on the editing of articles. The latest changes come as Wikipedia tries to balance a need for credibility and a desire for openness. While anyone can still edit entries, the site is testing pages that wont register changes until they are approved by an experienced Wikipedia editor.If the sites users respond well to the test run, the new restrictions will apply to all entries for living people in the next few weeks. The idea is to block the kind of high-profile vandalism that has marred some pages. In one of the most recent embarrassments, US Democratic Senators Robert Byrd was prematurely declared dead by rogue editors. Still, Wikipedia risks discouraging legitimate editing if restrictions on changes or additions become too burdensome, keeping articles from getting better or keeping up with events. That may be especially true on more obscure pages with fewer active volunteers to approve edits timely. Aware of the risks, Wikipedia ha s set the criteria for experienced editor status relatively low. Users who are registered for a few days can give changes the OK, said Jay Walsh, a spokesman for the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, which runs the site. A more uniform system for filtering changes on Wikipedia represents a step back from the sites original philosophy, which called for harnessing the collective knowledge of volunteer editors without any major restrictions. But it is not the first time Wikipedia has attached some strings. The same flagging process, for example, has been imposed on all entries in the German-language Wikipedia for more than a year. On the English site, too, high, profile pages that are likely to be defaced, such as Michael Jacksons, have been tightly restricted. Some observers believe Wikipedia must continue tightening editing policies if it wants to gain credibility.Im just waiting for the other shoe to drop, said Erie Goldman, director of the High Tech Law Institute at the Santa Clara University School of Law. Goldman envisions a future Wikipedia crated by a relatively small group of dedicated editors. Under the current model, he said, there simply arent enough volunteers to catch all errors.词汇：curb n. 约束；限制high-profile adj. 引人注目的vandalism n. 故意破坏mar vt. 损坏（某事物）；毁坏（公共财产等）的行为rogue adj. 刁滑的；喜欢制造麻烦的deface n. 损坏（某物）的外观veneer n. 虚假的外表；装饰drawbridge n. 吊桥philanthropic adj. 博爱的；与慈善事业有关的注释：1. Wikipedia：中文名为维基百科，是全世界最大的网络百科全书。2. 该句意为维基百科仍然没有对网民关闭，人们仍然可以参与编纂词条。练习：1. What is the latest change of Wikipcdia7A) Now not everybody can edit entries in Wikipedia.B) Fewer restrictions will be posed on the edition of entries.C) Some of the pages will not register changes without the approval of anexperienced Wikipedia editor.D) All entries for living people will not be edited from now on.2. Why has Wikipedia set the criteria for experienced editor statusrelatively low?A) Because experienced editors are rare.B) Because a lot of people are interested in the editing of entries.C) Because stricter criteria may discourage legitimate editing.D) Because people receive no pay for their editing.3. Which statement about Robert Byrd is false?A) He is a member of American Democratic Party.B) He is a member of the Senate.C) He was wrongly declared dead by Wikipedia.D) He used to edits entries in Wikipedia.4. Which of the following statements about Wikipedia is true?A) This is the first time that Wikipedia imposes restrictions on theediting of entries.B) People can still edit all the entries on the English site freely.C) The current discipline imposed on the editing of articles is too lax sothat a lot of embarrassments have been caused.D) Wikipedia is now firmly sticking to its original philosophy.5. Pierre Omidyar isA) a senatorB) a spokesman of WikipediaC) a university professorD) an enterpriser答案与题解：1C 从前三段可知，虽然现在每个人仍然都能编辑维基百科中的词条，但其中的一些页面在得到一个“经验丰富”的编辑批准前不会变化。2C 第七段说，维基百科新近出台的限制条件冒着降低网民合法编辑词条的积极性这一风险，为了规避这一风险，维基百科把所谓的“经验丰富的编辑”标准设定得很低。3D Robert Byrd 是美国民主党的参议员，最近维基百科中关于他的词条被人篡改，错误地宣布他已经死亡。4C 从文中可知维基百科现在的对编辑词条的限制条件过于宽松，以致造成了许多尴尬情况发生。5D 从最后一段可知，Pierre Omidyar 是eBay 的创始人，因此D 为正确答案。 My hope is that Wikipedia still exists and is still considered a useful site, Goldman said. But it will be at that point a very tightly controlled site. It wont have that veneer of a site that anyone can contribute to. They havent closed the drawbridge2. People can still get in. But it keeps going up and up and up. Separately, the Omidyar Network, a philanthropic investment group started by eBay founder Pierre Omidyar, said on Tuesday it is committing $2 million over two years to the Wikimedia Foundation. Omidyar Networks grant will support Wikimedias goals of bringing free educational content to people around the world and supporting more people to help create that content.2010年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解新增文章-书中第34篇*第三十四篇 Career With a Uniform WANT to be the next Xu Sanduo? The TV drama Soldiers Sortie (Shibing Tuji) might have caused millions of young people to dream idly of putting on an army uniform and going off to boot camp2. In fact, a large number of students graduating might consider doing just that. Last month, the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) announced that there will be 120,000 job openings this year for college grads3. So, one out of every 50 grads has a chance if he or she would like to march down to the local recruiting office. Anyone enlisting will get preferential treatment in tuition compensation and in job ortunities. This decision comes against a backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy. This years recruitment quota outnumbers last years 39,000 by about three-fold. Its important to pull in fresh, talented people who can deal with the new equipment and a high-tech military to modernize the nations defense, said Bai Zixing, a senior officer in the PLA General Staff Department4. The age limit for college recruits has been raised to 24, and theres one more important policy change: Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can quit if they change their minds after finding another job before November, the deadline for enlistment. This gives grads an extra choice in starting a career. The following is a list of preferential things that college grads qualify for if they join the army: A one-time recruitment payment of up to 24,000 yuan, to cover four years of college tuition and loans (this has to be returned if the person is forced to leave the army before completing the service contract). Priority in promotions and in getting admitted to military academies. Anyone with a bachelors degree or above and a good performance record can be promoted to the rank of officer directly, if they meet certain other criteria. An ordinary soldier may need a couple of years longer to get there. Anyone with a junior college5 degree can go on for a bachelors degree without having to take the entrance exams. Anyone wanting to take the grad school entrance exam after completing their service can add 10 points to the exam results. Anyone getting a merit citation second class can enter grad school without taking the exam after completion of the service obligation. There are no restrictions on things like going abroad after the service period, unless one deals with confidential work in the army.词汇：sortie n. 突击、突围enlistment n. 服役期间outnumber vt. 在数量上超过（某人）注释：1. Soldiers Sortie 士兵突击是2006 年开始在中国热播的一部电视剧。2. boot camp：美国英语中表示训练新兵的营地。3. grads：graduates 的缩写，指大学毕业生。4. General Staff Department：（中国人民解放军）总参谋部。5. junior college：指专科院校练习：1. According to the passage, all of the following reasons make many collegegrads choose to join the army EXCEPT:A) The Story of Xu Sanduo causes young people to dream to put on a uniform.B) The grads are facing a grim employment situation.C) The pay from the PLA is relatively higher than the grads can earn inother jobs.D) The PLA offers a series of preferential treatments for college grads whojoin the army.2. It can be inferred that about students graduating consider jointhe army.A) 120,000B) 6,000,000C) 39,000D) 2,000,0003. Besides the backdrop of bad employment news and a cooling economy, which ofthe following causes the PLA to raise this years recruitment quota?A) The TV drama Soldiers Sortie is high in the ratings.B) The PLA wants to attract high-quality personnel to meet the need of hitechsector in the nations defense.C) The PLA is increasing the size of the army.D) Some students who have already volunteered to sign up may change theirminds.4. Why does the author think that the grads are given an extra chance instarting a career?A) The one-time recruitment payment offered by the PLA may ease the gradseconomic burden.B) The grads who join the army have more chances to further their studyafter completing their service.C) Grads who have already volunteered to sign up can give up before thedeadline for enlistment if they can find another job that is more suitable.D) No restrictions are made on things like going abroad after the serviceperiod.5. The word confidential in the last paragraph could best be replaced byA) conciseB) professionalC) creativeD) secret答案与题解：1C 文章并未提及大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作所提供的薪酬高，而A、B、D 三个因素均可在文章中找到。2B 文章第二段说，军队今年给大学毕业生提供了l20，000 个工作岗位，而每50 个打算参军的大学毕业生中就有1 个人有机会去部队工作，因此可以推知今年约有6,000,00 名大学毕业生考虑从军。3B 从第四段可知，除了为缓解毕业生就业压力之外，大规模招募人才也是科技强军、国防现代化的需要。4C 文章第五段提及，如果大学毕业生在11 月份征兵工作结束前找到其他更理想的工作，仍然可以改变主意，重新选择职业，这就给为他们提供了多一次选择的机会。5D 从最后一段可以推测出confidential 的意思是“保密性的”，因此“secret”最为接近。2010年职称英语考试（综合类）阅读理解新增文章-书中第35篇*第三十五篇 Dorm Food More Comfy Once upon a time, eating in an American college dorm meant soup in a hotpot or getting pizza delivered. The most interesting thing about the campus dining hall was often the salad bar. No more. These days, US college students have refined tastes and a growing interest in preparing their own food. Mini-refrigerators and microwaves in dorm rooms are as essential as laptops. The cooking awareness of college students is increasing, said Tom Post,president of campus dining for Sodexo, a major food service company. Students today grew up watching celebrity chefs on TV, eating organic food and valuing good nutrition. In response, cafeteria menus have changed. Sodexos top campus foods for 2009 include Vietnamese noodle soup, goat cheese salad, and Mexican chicken. But colleges are also catering to student demands for more flexible and personalized dining options. Chartwells, the company that prepares food for dining halls at Ohio Wesleyan University in the state of Ohio, offers microwaveable meals that students can take away, as well as a program where students can have food individually prepared. Or they can even do their own cooking. This fall, Sarah Lawrence College in New York will offer students on its meal plan a chance to pick up groceries in the cafeteria as an alternative to a cooked meal. Students want things that are easy to make, things that dont take long and will still taste good, said Rachel Holcomb, a University of Massachusetts-Amherst student who updated recipes for the new edition of TheHealthy College Cookbook. Angelo Berti, a chef at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester,Massachusetts, teaches cooking in dorm kitchens. But Berti says hes not just teaching recipes. Hes encouraging students to use dining together as a way to socialize and as a means of self-expression; The meal is your canvas, Bertisaid. You paint .what you want. Thats why at the College of William & Mary in Virginia, students produce a cooking show filmed in a dorm called Everyday Gourmet. One episode was Date Night Cooking: A 3-Course meal for under $20, featuring grilled chicken stuffed with goat cheese and basil.词汇：comfy adj. （口）舒适的canvas n. 画布