中考英语专题复习 简单句并列句和复合句（语法考点精讲真题精炼）

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求简单句、并列句和复合句考点一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子。英语中有五种简单句，它们是：Spring is coming. 春天来了。The soup tastes nice. 这汤味道很鲜。They reached the village. 他们到达了那个村子。He gave me a pen. (=He gave a pen to me. )他给了我一支钢笔。He kept me waiting for two hours. 他让我等了两个小时。例1(翻译句子)这篇文章是以日记的形式写成的。_解析：在本句中，主语为“这篇文章”，谓语动词为“写成”，表过去，为简单句，且用被动语态。 答案：The article was written in the form of a diary. 例2(翻译句子)我发现那本书很有用。_解析：这个简单句的句式结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”。答案：I find/found the/that book very useful. 考点二并列句两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连起来，就构成了并列句。常用的连接词有：1. 表示并列或顺承关系的有and，not only. but also，both. and，so等。如：She not only gave us a lot of advice，but also helped us to overcome difficulties. 她不仅给了我们很多建议，而且帮助我们克服了困难。例Practice more， youll learn English better. A. orB. soC. andD. but解析：句意：多练习， 你的英语就能学得更好。or 否则，或者；so因此；and和，与;于是，然后;but 但是。空格前后为顺承关系，故选C。答案：C2. 表示选择关系的有or，either. or. ，neither. nor等。如：Either you or Maria will have to go. 你或者玛丽亚得去一趟。例Dont go to crowded places， you may have the flu easily. A. andB. butC. orD. so解析：句意：不要去拥挤的地方，否则你可能会很容易得流感。and 并且；but 但是；or否则；so所以。根据句意知选C。答案：C3. 表示转折关系的有but，yet，however等。如：He is young，but he works hard. 他虽然年轻，但学习努力。例Going to the movies is good， I really only like listening to music. A. andB. but C. soD. or解析：句意：去看电影很好，但是我真的仅仅喜欢听音乐。and和；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据句意可知两句是转折关系，故选B。答案：B4. 表示因果关系的有for，so，therefore等。如：He works hard，so he is a top student of the class. 他因为学习努力，所以是班里的优秀学生。考点三宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。宾语从句的考点多集中在以下几个方面：1. 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词分为三类:(1)引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)；(2)引导一般疑问句用if或whether；(3)引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的疑问词。如：He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday. 他告诉我说本周日他要去购物。She asked me if (whether) she could join us. 她问我她是否可以加入我们的队伍。She asked them what they were doing. 她问他们在做什么。例She asked me，“Will you go to the cinema tomorrow? ”(改为含宾语从句的复合句)She asked me I go to the cinema the next day. 解析：把一个一般疑问句改为宾语从句时，首先加连接词if或whether，然后把疑问句改为陈述句，若主句的谓语动词为过去式，从句的谓语动词也变为相应的过去式。答案：if/whether，would2. 宾语从句的语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，从句用“连接词+陈述句语序”。例I dont know . A. where can we buy the ticketsB. how much it costs to fly to ShanghaiC. who is he waiting forD. why was he late for school this morning解析：句意：我不知道飞到上海的费用是多少。宾语从句只能用陈述语序，所以选B。答案：B3. 宾语从句的时态(1)如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。如：He tells us that he has been able to look after himself. 他告诉我们他已经能够照顾自己了。I want to know when the train left. 我想知道火车什么时候离开。例Can you tell me your parents at home? I often wash clothes and sweep the floor. A. how will you helpB. how you helpC. how you will helpD. how do you help解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除A、D两项。答语用了一般现在时，所以所填写句子也用一般现在时，排除C项。答案：B(2)如果主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去相应的某一种时态。如：They said that they had already finished the work. 他们说他们已经完成了工作。(3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句习惯上都用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。例(用所给单词的适当形式填空)When I was young，my grandfather told me that the sun (rise)in the east. 解析：虽然主句的谓语动词用了过去式，但“太阳从东方升起”为客观真理，故从句用一般现在时。答案：rises考点四状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。1. 地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where等引导。如：Where I live there are plenty of sheep. 我住的地方有很多羊。2. 时间状语从句时间状语从句常用的引导词有when，before，after，until(till)，as soon as，since，while，as等。如：She was cooking when someone knocked at the door. 有人敲门时，她正在做饭。What will you do after you finish your homework? 你做完作业后准备做什么? 例We didnt go home the old man was sent to the hospital. A. untilB. whenC. while解析：not. until“直到才”。句意为“直到把老人送去医院，我们才回家”。故选A。答案：A3. 条件状语从句条件状语从句常用的引导词有if和unless(=if not)。如： If it doesnt rain，Ill go fishing. 如果不下雨，我将去钓鱼。They will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday. 除非下周日下雨，否则他们要进行野餐。例Do you like sports? Yes，I do some running in the park every day the weather is terrible. A. ifB. afterC. unlessD. while解析：句意：“你喜欢运动吗? ”“是的，如果天气不糟糕，我就会每天在公园里跑步。”由此可判断答案选C。答案：C4. 原因状语从句原因状语从句常用的引导词有because，as，since等。如：He didnt come because he was ill. 他没有来是因为他病了。Since we are students，we should study hard. 既然我们是学生，我们就应该努力学习。例We can talk with friends on the Internet its easier and cheaper. A. thoughB. asC. orD. but解析：句意为“我们可以在网上与朋友们聊天是因为它既容易又便宜”。as用作连词表示原因。答案选B。答案：B【注意】 because与so不能在一个句子中同时使用。如：因为我取得了好成绩，所以我妈妈很高兴。()Because I got a good mark，so my mother was happy. ()I got a good mark，so my mother was happy. ()My mother was happy because I got a good mark. 5. 结果状语从句结果状语从句主要由so. that和such. that引导。如：Its so hot that we want to go swimming. 天太热了，我们想去游泳。 She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. 她是一个可爱的女孩，我们都喜欢她。【注意】so. that与简单句之间的句型转换(1)若that后的句子是否定句，常用too. to进行转换。如：He is so young that he cant go to school. He is too young to go to school. The physics problem is so difficult that I cant work it out. The physics problem is too difficult for me to work out. (2)若that后的句子是肯定句，常用. enough. to. 进行转换。如：She is so kind that she likes to help others. She is kind enough to help others. The shirt was so cheap that he bought it. The shirt was cheap enough for him to buy. 例The girl is a nice girl we all want to help her. A. such;thatB. too;toC. so;thatD. very;that解析：选项D不构成词组，首先排除。too. to句型中to后接动词原形，本句为主从句的形式，故排除B。such a nice girl=so nice a girl，排除C。答案选A。答案：A6. 目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that，in order that等。如：Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it. 请大声说，以便大家都能听见。He works harder in order that he can go to a good college. 他更加努力地学习，以便能上一所好的大学。【注意】so that引导的目的状语从句可以用in order to转换为简单句。如： Ill write down your phone number so that I may not forget. =Ill write down your phone number in order not to forget. 我记下你的电话号码，以免忘记。7. 让步状语从句让步状语从句常用的引导词有though，although，even if/though等。如：He often helps others though/although he is not rich. 他尽管不富裕，但经常帮助别人。Hell go there even though the weather is bad. 尽管天气恶劣，但他也要去那里。【注意】 though/although与but不能出现在同一个句子中，二者只能保留其一。如：他尽管年轻，但懂得多。()Although he is young，but he knows a lot. ()Although he is young，he knows a lot. ()He is young，but he knows a lot. 例 there were only five soldiers left at the front， they went on fighting. A. Because;soB. If;andC. Though;butD. Though;/解析：由句意知，虽然前线只有五位战士，但他们继续战斗。答案选D。答案：D8. 比较状语从句比较状语从句常由 than，as. as. ，not as/so. as等引导。如：He is more outgoing than I. 他比我活泼。He ran as fast as Mike. 他和迈克跑得一样快。考点五定语从句在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，但翻译成汉语时，要把修饰语放在前面。引导定语从句的词叫关联词，也叫引导词。 1. 关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。例I dont know the teacher is talking with Miss Wang. A. whatB. whomC. whichD. who解析：所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。答案：D【注意】(1)当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。(2)通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。如：That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。例Is that all? Yes. Thats all I want to take. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whose解析：句意：“就这些? ”“是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。”which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。答案：B先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。先行词为数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时。如：Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。当先行词被the only，the very，the just等修饰时。如：Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。先行词中既有人又有物时。如：We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。如：Its a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。2. 关系副词的基本用法(1)when在句中作状语，表示时间。如：He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。(2)where在句中作状语，表示地点。如：This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。(3)why在句中作状语，表示原因。如：This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。1. (2016天津)Could you tell me youll go to Paris? Next month. A. whyB. whereC. whenD. howC 根据回答“下个月”可知，上句问的是“什么时候”。故选C。2. (2016天津)My family always go somewhere interesting the holiday begins. A. as soon asB. soC. so thatD. even thoughA as soon as“一就”；so“所以”；so that“为了，以便于”；even though“即使”。从语意上看，句意为：我的家人总是假期一开始就去有趣的地方。故选A。3. (2016重庆)Our Chinese teacher didnt go to bed he finished his work last night. A. ifB. untilC. sinceD. becauseBnot. until. 意为“直到才，不到不”，由句意知我们的语文老师直到完成工作才上床睡觉。故选B。4. (2016河南)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home. A. thatB. whoC. whomD. whatA句意：如果电影院能够提供给人们在家里得不到的看电影的体验，它的未来可能会更加光明。分析句意可知，所填词引导a movie experience的定语，先行词指“物”，引导词在从句中作宾语，故选A。5. (2016云南昆明)It is difficult to remember and write Chinese traditional characters(繁体字)， they are a great part of Chinese culture. We should keep them. A. butB. andC. or D. untilA句意：识记和写中国传统的繁体字是困难的，但是它们是中国文化很重要的一部分。 我们应该把它们保存下来。but但是，表示转折；and和，表示并列； or或者，表示选择；until直到为止，表示时间。“很难记和写中国传统的繁体字”和“它们是中国文化很重要的一部分”之间是转折关系。6. (2016吉林长春)The students of Grade 9 in Changchun have to take part in the P. E. test from 2016. Yes， you want to pass it and be stronger，practice more. A. untilB. ifC. unlessD. orB 句意：“长春九年级的学生从2016年起不得不参加体育考试。”“是的，如果你想通过体育考试并变得更强壮，那么就多多训练。”根据语境知选B。7. (2016山东青岛)Excuse me. Could you tell me about the local history and culture? Of course. You can check it on this computer. A. how can I get the informationB. what information did I getC. where I can get the informationD. that I got the informationC 句意：“打扰一下。你能告诉我在哪里可以得到有关当地历史和文化的信