中考英语专题复习六 阅读表达（含解析） 外研版

在学生就要走出校门的时候，班级工作仍要坚持德育先行，继续重视对学生进行爱国主义教育、集体主义教育、行为规范等的教育，认真落实学校、学工处的各项工作要求阅读表达阅读表达是近几年出现的新题型，要求学生阅读短文并完成所给题目。此题难度较大，不仅考查学生的阅读能力，即语言输入能力，还考查建立在理解文章内容的基础上的学生的语言输出能力，即书面表达能力。考点2016201520142013主旨概括句子填空翻译句子封闭性问题开放性问题从近四年的潍坊中考英语试题来看，阅读表达题一般有5个题，每小题2分，主要考查学生对书面信息进行分析、概括、整理并根据需要进行运用的能力，其长度与传统的阅读短文相近。文章层次性强，给学生一个发挥的空间。该题主要有以下几种类型：主旨概括、句子填空、翻译句子、英文释义、开放性问题及其他类型。考查的要点主要有：1. 掌握短文的主旨和大意并能概括文章大意；2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3. 了解词语和句子的深层含义；4. 根据短文进行判断和推理。近几年常考的几个题型有：主旨概括题，包括给文章拟一个合适的标题；翻译句子题，这是必考题型，潍坊连续四年都有这个题型；封闭性问题和开放性问题，这也是必考题型，而且近几年加大了对开放性问题的考查力度，开放性问题也必然成为今后中考命题的一个趋势。 1. 对于主旨概括题，要通读全文，分清主旨与细节，防止以偏概全。这类题目很多时候要求给出文章的标题。文章的标题可以是完整的句子、简洁的短语，也可以是一个问题。书写时要特别注意字母的大小写和词数问题。标题可以全部用大写；可以实词第一个字母大写、虚词第一个字母小写；也可以第一个字母大写，其余除专有名词外全部用小写。如果是个疑问句，可以在标题后加问号，但如果是陈述句，则不必加句点。 2. 对于句子填空题，要充分利用文章中表示对比、转折、因果、递进、条件等关系的连接词，结合上下文语境，来搞清楚需要填的究竟是什么含义的句子。 3. 做翻译句子题时，一定要使句子意思切合语境，表达简洁、准确、到位，符合语言习惯。 4. 根据短文内容回答问题时，无论是封闭性的问题还是开放性的问题，都要表达准确，尤其句子结构要准确无误。所写答语可以是完整的句子，也可以简略回答。要注意书写认真，卷面整洁。 5. 英文释义题，也可称为句子替代或者词汇替代题，要求从文章中找出与所给的句子或词汇含义相同的句子或词汇。一般读懂了文章，弄清了所给句子和文中相应句子的意思即可答出，该题在阅读表达中相对简单。(2016山东潍坊)阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing to complain(投诉) about the Personal Robot, Model Z4, which I bought several months ago. The machine has been giving me all kinds of problems. Here are two: The robot is supposed to do all kinds of housework, but sometimes it refuses. When I ask it to clean the house or take out the rubbish, it usually replies:“Z4 is too busy. ” or “Z4 is tired. ” Last night I invited my boss and his wife for dinner at my home. The robot served the meal perfectly. But then it turned to my guests and told my boss that his tie was ugly and his wifes jewellery(珠宝) was not real. Model Z4 has put me in several very embarrassing(令人尴尬的) situations like this.The problem is that this robot has a mind of its own. Now I have no wish to keep it. I would like to return the robot and get my money back. Please let me know how I can do this. I look forward to hearing from you. Very truly yours, Julie MorrisDear Ms Morris, Your complaint about Z4 has come to us. Weve never had any problems with this specific model before. Z4 is very smart and sensible. Your robot may be acting negatively(消极地) to draw attention to himself. Z4 doesnt accept being treated like a machine. May I suggest that you try and discuss your relationship with him?Failing that, we would be happy to send one of our scientists to talk to Z4 to solve the problem. Sincerely, K31. Whats Julies purpose in complaining about the robot?(根据短文内容回答问题)2. Please list two problems that the robot has given to Julie with two sentences. (no more than 10 words per sentence)(请列举顾客投诉机器人的两个问题，每句不多于10词)3. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. (请将文中画线句子翻译成汉语)4. Complete the statement using a word from the text according to K3s reply. (请从回信中找出一个适当的词，填入下句空白处)The between Julie and Robot Z4 is so important that K3 would like to send someone to help if necessary. 5. What will you do to get on well with him if you have a robot like Z4?(请写出两个英语句子，不得重复文中内容)【答案】1. She wants to return the robot and get her money back. 2. (1)Sometimes it refuses to do the housework. (2)It has put me in several very embarrassing situations. 3. 问题是这个机器人很有主见/会自己拿主意/能自己作决定/有自己的想法。4. relationship5. (1)I will play chess with him. (2)I will say thank you to him when he does the housework. (一)(2016北京)阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。A 108-year-old Message in a Bottle On November 30，1906，George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor，and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days. Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside，but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old，so she didnt want to damage it. Finally she got the piece of paper out of the bottle. She found that the paper was actually a postcard. On the back of the card was this message：The Marine Biological Association (海洋生物学协会) would pay a shilling (先令) for the bottle. A shilling was a unit of money that was used in Great Britain before the early 1970s. Winkler filled out the card and posted it. The association was surprised to get a postcard addressed to George Bidder，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945. The workers of the association searched on the Internet to find a shilling. They found one and sent it to Winkler as a reward. The message in the bottle was the oldest ever re-discovered. For this reason Marianne Winkler got a place in“Guinness World Records” (吉尼斯世界纪录). She broke the record for the oldest message in a bottle. Winklers bottle was not the only one Bidder sent to sea. Between 1904 and 1906，he sent away more than one thousand bottles. He placed postcards inside them. The bottles were part of a research project to map currents (洋流) in the North Sea. This was the best method at that time. But whether the association could get the bottles back depended on the people who found them. The association reported that about 55 percent of the bottles were returned. They added that the experiment was a success as it showed the east-to-west flow of the North Seas currents. 短文大意：1906年11月30日，乔治比德将一个瓶子扔进北海。在时隔108年138天后的2015年，玛丽安温克勒发现了这个瓶子。她看到里面有一张纸，实际上是一张明信片。1904年至1906年，为了绘制北海洋流研究工程，比德曾扔出一千多个瓶子。1. How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?For 108 years and 138 days. 由第一段最后一句中的and then it moved slowly for 108 years and 138 days (然后它慢慢地移动了108年138天) 可知答案。2. Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?Yes，she did. 由第二段第一句Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. (当玛丽安温克勒2015年发现这个瓶子时，它的旅程结束了。) 可知，是玛丽安温克勒在2015年发现的这个瓶子。3. What was in the bottle?A piece of paper which was actually a postcard. 由第二段中的She saw a piece of paper inside (她看到里面有一张纸) 和第三段中的She found that the paper was actually a postcard. (她发现那张纸实际上是一张明信片。) 可知答案。4. Who was George Bidder?The president of the Marine Biological Association from 1939 to 1945. 在第四段第二句中，the president of the association from 1939 to 1945作George Bidder的同位语。因此，乔治比德是1939年至1945年海洋生物学协会的会长。5. Why did Bidder drop bottles into the sea?Because the bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. 由最后一段中的The bottles were part of a research project to map currents in the North Sea. (这些瓶子是绘制北海洋流研究工程的一部分。) 可知答案。(二)(2016重庆)阅读下文并回答问题。 Recently, Chongqing Three Gorges University has held an activity named “Cell Phone Ninja” (手机忍者). They would like their students not to use cell phones for 21 days. It is really a challenge (挑战) for most students. The activity started on April 12. Each student who volunteered to take part in this activity got a bracelet (手环). If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. After the last class of each day，the students sent the photos to the schools public WeChat. More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. After seven days，only 103 students remained. The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form (形成) a habit. According to the teachers in the university，the activity was not a competition. It depended on students themselves to make the decision. The teachers hoped their students could form better study habits through activities like this one. 短文大意：最近，重庆三峡学院举办了“手机忍者”的活动。活动的要求是在21天的时间里学生不用手机，这项活动的成败取决于学生的选择。老师希望通过这样的活动，帮助学生养成更好的学习习惯。1. When did the activity “Cell Phone Ninja” start?It started on April 12. 由第二段第一句The activity started on April 12. 可知，“手机忍者”这个活动是在4月12日开始的。2. Were 400 students chosen to take part in this test?Yes，they were. 由第三段第一句More than 800 students wished to take part in the test，and 400 were chosen. (800多名学生希望参加这个测试，有400名学生被选中。) 可知，此题应该作肯定回答。3. Why was the test set for 21 days?Because (some scientists believe that) 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit. 由第三段中The test was set for 21 days because some scientists believe that 21 days is long enough to help people form a habit. 可知，这项测试安排21天是因为一些科学家认为21天的时间足够长，能帮助人形成一种习惯。4. What was the bracelet used for in this test?It was used for showing/to show whether the students used the cell phone(s) or not. 由第二段中If the students did not use their cell phones，there would be a photo on the screen of the bracelet to show that. If they used their cell phones，a different photo would appear on the screen of the bracelet. (如果学生不用手机，一张照片将会在手环的屏幕上显示出来。如果他们用手机，一张不同的照片将会显示在手环的屏幕上。) 可知，在这项测试中，手环用来显示学生是否使用手机。(三)(2016安徽，E)阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 (请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。 Rock climbing is a popular hobby that many people enjoy doing. You can do it indoors on special walls or outdoors on real mountains. There are many advantages of rock climbingit is fun and it also helps people forget worries. The most important equipment (装备) to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than your usual size. The next thing you need is a harness (保护带). This allows you to move freely，but will hold you up if you fall. Its important to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner，its best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot in the beginning. Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers，however，must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb. They should take it with them and throw it away. This will allow future climbers to enjoy a clean environment. 短文大意：你可以在室内或户外攀岩，攀岩很有趣，也帮助人们忘却烦恼。攀岩最重要的装备是质量好的鞋子，你需要的另一件东西是保护带，你要学会如何使用它们。攀登者必须保护环境，将制造的垃圾清理干净。1. What advantages does rock climbing have? (不超过10个词) It is fun and it also helps people forget worries. 题干句意：攀岩有什么好处？由第一段最后一句可知，攀岩很有趣，还帮助人们忘却烦恼。2. What equipment does a climber need? (不超过10个词) Good shoes and a harness. 题干句意：攀登者需要什么装备？由第二段中的第一句The most important equipment to have is good shoes. 和第三句The next thing you need is a harness. 可知，攀登者需要质量好的鞋子与保护带。3. How can climbers help protect the environment while climbing?(不超过15个词)They should take the rubbish with them and throw it away. 题干句意：攀登者攀岩时可以怎样帮助保护环境？由文章倒数第二句可知，他们应该将垃圾带走并扔掉。(四)(2016山西，B)阅读下面图文，简要回答所给问题。 According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused (辱骂) on some websites by students happened in the UK. It had a bad influence on schools and the society. The British Teaching Union did a survey of 7, 500 teachers. We can get some information from the following data(数据) and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem. You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. The survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers looks，abilities and behaviors. Weve got another data from it. It shows the bad comments were made by not only students but their parents. Please look at the following chart. It is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuse. We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting(尊敬) each other is very important. If so，they can get on well with each other. 短文大意：本文根据发生在英国的网上辱骂老师事件的调查结果，阐述了辱骂老师带来的影响以及解决该类事件的方法。1. What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage?It had a bad influence on schools and the society. /Teachers were often destroyed by the terrible abuse. /Some teachers lost their confidence to teach and left school. 由短文第一段中的It had a bad influence on schools and the society. 及第二段中的You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse. Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school. 可知答案。2. From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse?They reported (the) abuse to the school，the police or the website. /They reported it to the school，the police or the website. 参与调查的老师一共是7 500名，50%的话是3 750名，对应的是图表中最左边的标有3，750的柱状图，由该柱状图的信息可知，50%的老师会把辱骂老师事件报告给学校、警察或网站。3. What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total?36%. /Thirty-six percent. 由图表中信息可知，单纯由父母引发的辱骂老师事件的百分比是27%，既由父母又由学生引发的辱骂老师事件的百分比是9%，所以由父母造成的辱骂老师事件的百分比总数是：27%+9%=36%。4. What is the way to solve the abuse problem according to the passage?The better understanding among teachers，students and parents. /Good communication. /Respecting each other. /Good communication and respecting each other. 由第三段中We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents. Besides good communication，respecting each other is very important. 可知答案。5. After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon(现象)?It is important for students to respect teachers because it shows the development of the society. /I think we should try to avoid it. It can hurt both teachers and students. /. (开放性题目)(五)(2016吉林，F)I was a schoolgirl in Grade 7 when Danny came to my school and became one of my classmates. He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. Every day，his parents picked him up in an old car. We all realized he was from a poor family. I had a poor family as well，but I just hid it from everyone. I was afraid the kids in my class would leave me if they knew the truth. One day，our teacher，Mr. Sims，announced that we would have a field trip. We decided to go to an amusement park. My classmates were excited. I sat back and looked at them，knowing that my parents did not have the money to send me. To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply, “I wont go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job. I am not asking my parents for money. ”“Danny，Im very proud of you for understanding the situation that your parents are in. ”Mr. Sims replied. “But the trip is at the end of the month；we have plenty of time to raise money for it. ”While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny. I was a little worried that they were giving him a hard time. But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip. By standing up and admitting (承认) he was poor，Danny changed my life. I no longer felt I had to lie about my familys situation. As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. 短文大意：“我”在7年级时，害怕同学知道自己家庭贫困，向每个人隐瞒事实。但同学丹尼对同学们很坦诚，说明家庭困境。“我”由此受到触动，觉得不需要撒谎，“我”将会永远记住他的勇气和诚实。根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1. Why did many girls like Danny in the class?Because he was handsome (with blond hair). 由第一段中的He was handsome with blond hair，so many girls in my class liked him very much. 可知，许多女孩很喜欢丹尼，是因为他很英俊，而且留着金发。2. Where did the students decide to go for the field trip?They decided to go to an amusement park. /To an amusement park. /An amusement park. 由第二段中的We decided to go to an amusement park. (我们决定去一个游乐园。) 可知，学生们决定去游乐园。3. What was the matter with Dannys father?He hurt his back (and lost his job). 由第二段中的To my surprise，Danny stood up and said simply，“I wont go with you. My dad hurt his back and lost his job. ”可知，丹尼的父亲背部受伤，且失去了工作。4. Did the three boys fight with Danny after school?No. /No，they didnt. 由文中第三段的While walking home from school that day，I noticed three boys talking with Danny. But as I got closer，I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip. 可知，三个男生在和丹尼讨论如何筹钱去郊游。他们没有打架，因此要作否定回答。5. What did the writer learn from Danny?His courage and honesty. / (The) Courage and honesty. /She learnt (learned) his courage and honesty (from Danny/him). 由文中的As for Danny，I will remember his courage and honesty forever. (至于丹尼，我将永远记住他的勇气和诚实。) 可知，作者从丹尼身上学到了勇气和诚实。(六)(2016天津)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成句子。 Steve Jobs was born on 24th February 1955 in San Francisco，California. As a child，he often worked with his father on electronics. In high school，he met Bill Fernandez and Steve Wozniak (or “Woz”). Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. Jobs was very interested in it. After high school，Jobs went to one of the best colleges in Oregon. However，he dropped out only after a few months. In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. When Jobs saw what Woz had done，he could imagine that people would need it very much. Together，they set up a company called Apple. Apple Computer became a big success，and this made Jobs a rich man. Unfortunately，Jobss personality (性格) made him very difficult to work with. He left Apple to set up another company. Soon，Apple started to do badly. Jobs returned to Apple and helped make the company successful again. Back at Apple，Jobs was responsible (负责) for the development of the iMac，iTunes，iPod，iPhone and iPad. In 2003，Jobs got very ill and died on 5th October 2011. 短文大意：本文介绍了苹果公司的创始人之一史蒂夫乔布斯的创业经历。乔布斯在学生时代就对电子感兴趣。后来他与沃兹相识，并共同创办了世界闻名的苹果公司。1. When Jobs was in high school, Woz and Bill showed him that they were building. a computer board由第二段的第一、二句In high school，he met. Woz and Bill showed Jobs a computer board that they were building at the time. 可知，当乔布斯在高中时，沃兹和比尔给他看了一块他们当时正在组装的电脑电路板。2. When Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，he found time to . build his own computer由第三段的第三句In the meantime，Woz worked for Hewlett-Packard，but found time to build his own computer. 可知，当沃兹为惠普公司工作时，他找时间组装自己的电脑。3. Jobs and Woz set up called Apple. a company由第四段的第一句Together，they set up a company called Apple. 可知，乔布斯和沃兹创办了一家叫“苹果