高考英语专题冲刺 专题10 完形填空之说明文（含解析）

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争专题卷十 完形填空之说明文1.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the_1_home from work in the evenings.A man will be_2_the newspaper，and seconds later it_3_as if he is trying to_4_it.Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger_5_next to him._6_place where unplanned short sleep_7_is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring(打鼾)so_8_that the professor has to ask another student to_9_the sleeper awake.A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the_10_of the head pushes the arm off the_11_，and the movement carries the_12_of the body along.The student wakes up on the floor with no_13_of getting there.The worst time to fall asleep is when_14_Police reports are full of_15_that occur when people fall into sleep and go_16_the road.If the drivers are_17_，they are not seriously hurt.One womans car，_18_，went into the river.She woke up in four feet of_19_and thought it was raining.When people are really_20_，nothing will stop them from falling asleepno matter where they are.1A.wayBtrackCpathDroad2A.buyingBfoldingCdeliveringDreading3A.actsBshowsCappearsDsounds4A.openBeatCfindDfinish5A.lyingBwaitingCtalkingDsitting6A.NextBEveryCAnotherDOne7A.goes onBends upClastsDreturns8A.bravelyBhappilyCloudlyDcarelessly9A.leaveBshakeCkeepDwatch10A.sizeBshapeCweightDstrength11A.cushionBdeskCshoulderDbook12A.action Bposition Crest Dside13A.memoryBreason Cquestion Dpurpose14A.thinkingBworking Cwalking Ddriving15A.changesBevents Cideas Daccidents16A.up Boff Calong Ddown17A.lucky Bawake Ccalm Dstrong18A.in time Bat first Cas usual Dfor example19A.dust Bwater Cgrass Dbush20A.tired Bdrunk Clonely Dlazy1A. attention B. memory C. love D. experience2A. bored B. blessed C. content D. patient3A. sister B. grandma C. son D. daughter4A. time B. ice cream C. step D. lunch5 A. big B. quick C. nutritious D. joyful6A. goal B. responsibility C. schedule D. interest7A. Consequently B. Frankly C. Surprisingly D. Unusually8 A. Cheer up B. Pull up C. Shut up D. Hurry up9A. improved B. changed C. appeared D. worsened10 A. silly B. excited C. careful D. slow11A. silenced B. contradicted C. mirrored D. encouraged12A. both B. all C. some D. neither13A. demand B. offer C. promise D. mistake14 A. reminder B. memory C. image D. example15A. half B. bite C. cup D. piece16A. wondered B. realized C. recognized D. valued17A. in conclusion B. in short C. in return D. in fact18A. hotter B. softer C. sourer D. sweeter19A. rushing B. going C. getting D. surviving20A. scientist B. magician C. expert D. designer【答案】1. A2D3C4B5D6C7A8C9B10C11B12C13A14D15D16B17A18D19B20A2D此处指在回家的车上，所以应为“读”报纸，故选D项。3C句意：读了几秒钟后，他看起来好像要把报纸吃掉一样。此处是指读着报纸要睡着了。it appears“看起来”，故选C项。4B根据上一题解析可知，这是打瞌睡的状态，看上去似乎要将报纸吃掉一样，而不是“打开”、“发现”或者“读完”，故选B项。5D根据语境可知，睡着了之后头会靠在旁边的人的肩膀上，故选D项，现在分词短语作后置定语。6C此处是在列举另外一个容易睡觉的场所，是众多场所中的又一个，another“另一，又一”，符合语境，故选C项。7A根据上题解析可知选A项。go on“继续；发生”；end up“结束”；last“持续”；return“回来”。8C根据下文可知，教授让别的同学叫醒他，是因为他打鼾的声音太响(loudly)了，故选C项。9B10C句意：更令人尴尬的是，一名学生趴在桌上睡着了，头的重量使得胳膊滑下桌子，weight符合语境。11B根据上题可知，胳膊离开了桌子(desk)，故选B项。12C句意：胳膊离开了桌子带动着身体的其他部分滑到地上。故选C项rest，意为“剩下的部分”。13A跌到了地上所以醒来，但是对自己为什么会这样却没有一点记忆。故选A项memory“记忆”。14D根据下文的“If the drivers are_17_.”可知，此处指最严重的事情是开车时打瞌睡，故选D项。15D句意：警察的报道中很多都是由于司机在开车时打瞌睡而将车开出了车道所导致的事故(accidents)。16B根据上题解析可知B项符合语境。go off“离开，偏离”。17A第17空后的“they are not seriously hurt”是开车睡觉导致事故中较幸运的(lucky)结果，故选A项。联系上下文可知，此处描述的是开车睡觉发生事故以后的推论，其他选项不符合语境。18D下面举了另一个例子来说明开车睡觉的危险性，故D项正确。in time“及时”；at first“首先”；as usual“像往常一样”；for example“例如”。19B20A句意：人在真正感到疲劳时，不论在哪里，没有什么可以阻止他们睡着。此句与文章首句呼应，故选A项。考点：考查说明文阅读【题型】完形填空【难度】一般2.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When we read books we seem to enter a new world.This new world can be similar to the one we are living in，or it can be very_1_Some stories are told_2_they were true.Real people who live in a_3_world do real things；in other words，the stories are about people just like us doing what we do.Other stories，such as the Harry Potter books，are not_4_They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be_5_for us.But there is more to books and writing than this.If we think about it，even realistic writing is only_6_How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real？For example，when we read about Harry Potter，we_7_seem to learn something about the real world.And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts，he also learns more about his real life than_8_Reading，like writing，is an action.It is a way of_9_When we read or write something，we do much more than simple look at words on a page.We use our_10_which is realand our imaginationwhich is real in a different wayto make the words come to life in our minds.Both realism and fantasy(幻想)_11_the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think.When we read_12_realistic，we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us，even though we_13_that we are real and they are_14_It sounds_15_，but it works.When we read，we fill in missing information and_16_about the causes and effects of what a character does.We help the writer by_17_that what we read is like real life.In a way，we are writing the book，too.Most of us probably dont think about what is going on in our_18_when we are reading.We pick up a book and lose_19_in a good story，eager to find out what will happen next.Knowing how we feel_20_we read can help us become better readers，and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.1A.possibleBeasyCnewDdifferent2A.thatBwhatCwhetherDasif3A.usualBnormalCcertainDcommon4A.realisticBreasonableCmoralDinstructive5A.difficultBimpossibleCimportantDnecessary6A.thinkableBdesignedCimaginedDplanned7A.doBmakeChaveDare8A.lessonsBdreamsCexperienceDmagic9A.workingBthinkingClivingDunderstanding10A.knowledgeBskillCwordsDgrammar11A.makeBgetCuseDhave12A.a newspaperBsomethingCeverythingDa story13A.findBlearnCknowDhope14A.tooBnotCallDso15A.dangerousBseriousCstrangeDterrible16A.talkBlearnCreadDthink17A.tellingBpretendingCpromisingDguessing18A.mindBlifeCworldDsociety19A.heartBtimeCmoneyDourselves20A.whatBhowCwhenDwhy【答案】1D2D3B4A5B6C7A8D9B10A11C12B13C14B15C16D17B18A19D 20C1D上文中有similar“相似”，or提醒我们应选与similar意义相反的词different。2D句意：有些故事讲起来似乎就是真的。told用在被动语态中，因而后面不可跟宾语从句，应该是方式状语从句，故选D项。3B句意：生活在正常世界的现实的人做实际的事，故选B。usual“通常的”；normal“正常的”；certain“确定的”；common“共同的；常见的”。4A句意：有些故事则不是真实的(realistic)。此处与上文对比。5B句意：这些故事中的人和动物与我们不同，他们能做对我们来说是不可能的(impossible)事。6C此处指甚至现实的作品也只是想象出来的(imagined)。thinkable“能想到的，可相信的”；designed“有计划的，愿意的”；planned“计划的”。7A句意：我们似乎确实了解了真实的世界。do表示强调，意为“确实，务必，一定”。8D句意：当哈里在霍格沃兹学习魔法时，他对自己现实生活的了解也比对魔法(magic)的了解要多。9B句意：读书像写作一样，是一种行为，是一种思考(thinking)的方法。10A上文提到读书，由此可知此处指利用我们所学到的知识(knowledge)。11C12B句意：当我们读到某些现实的东西(something)时，我们就不得不去想象我们所读到的有关的人就像我们一样。13C句意：即使我们知道(know)我们是现实的而他们不是。14B句意参考上题。考查上下文联系。此处是把我们和书中的人物进行对比。15C此处与it works为转折关系，指这种对比有些奇怪(strange)。16D句意：我们读书的时候，可以把丢失的信息补充起来而且会思考(think)一个人所做事情的影响和起因。17B句意：我们只有通过假装(pretending)我们所读到的东西就像真正的生活一样来给作家一些帮助。18A和思考有关的是头脑(mind)。19D20C句意：读书时如果知道我们的感受如何的话，那将有助于我们成为更好的读者。根据语境可知此处是时间状语从句，所以选择when。考点：考查 说明文阅读【题型】完形填空【难度】一般3.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 If you want to learn a new language，the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a_1_ reason，such as your job or your studies？_2_ perhaps youre interested in the _3_，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a _4_ of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of _5_，but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They _6_ an environment where you can practice under the _7_ of someone whos good at the language.We all lead _8_ lives and learning a language takes _9_You will have more success if you study regularly，so try to develop a _10_It doesnt matter if you havent got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years，but learning to get by taking_11_Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“Im too_12_，”they say.Yes，children do learn languages more _13_ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _14_And learning is good for the health of your brain，too.Ive also heard people _15_ about the mistakes they make when _16_Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes _17_ youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never _18_But with some work and devotion，youll make progress.And youll be _19_ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in _20_ own language.Good luck!1A.technicalBpoliticalCpracticalDphysical2A.AfterBSoCThoughDOr3A.literatureBtransportCagricultureDmedicine4A.viewBknowledgeCformDdatabase5A.paintingsBregulationsCmethodsDcomputers6A.protectBchangeCrespectDprovide7A.controlBcommandCguidanceDpressure8A.busyBhappyCsimpleDnormal9A.courageBtimeCenergyDplace10A.theoryBbusinessCroutineDproject11A.some risksB a lot lessCsome notesDa lot more12A.oldBnervousCweakDtired13A.closelyBquicklyCprivatelyDquietly14A.ageBspeedCdistanceDschool15A.worryBhesitateCthinkDquarrel16A.singingBworkingCbargainingDlearning17A.ifBandCbutDbefore18A.tiresomeBhardCinterestingDeasy19A.blamedBamazedCinterruptedDinformed20A.theirBhisCourDyour【答案】1C2D3A4B5C6D7C8A9B10C11B12A13B14A15A16D17B18D19B20A1C根据空后的“.such as your job or your studies？”可知，此处是指学习英语的实际(practical)原因，故选C项。technical“技术的”；political“政治的”；physical“身体的；物理的”。2D联系上文中的a practical reason可知，此处是指你学习外语的另一种原因。3A根据此处所表达的并列关系可知，所填词与后面的films，music一致，故用文学(literature)。transport“交通”；agriculture“农业”。4B根据语境可知，此处是指如果你掌握了一门外语，你就会知道它的用途有多大。have a knowledge of意为“掌握”，是固定短语，符合语境。5C根据空后的“.but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.”可知，此处表示绝大多数人学习外语会采用不同的方法(methods)。regulation“规范”。6D对许多人来说，既然传统的课堂是理想的开始，那么，它们当然可以提供(provide)一种学习外语的环境。protect“保护”，change“改变”，respect“尊重”，均不符合语境。7C联系之后的“someone whos good at the language”可知，在传统的课堂上，你是在老师的指导(guidance)下来学习外语的。control“控制”，command“命令”，pressure“压力”，均不符合语境。8A根据常识可知，我们的生活都很忙碌(busy)。9B根据下文中的“take years”可知，学习外语需要花费时间(time)。courage“勇气”，energy“精力”和place均不符合语境。10C11B根据语境可知，要把外语说流利需要花费多年的时间。但如果不要求太高则花费的时间会少很多(a lot less)。12A根据下一句中的“children do learn languages more_13_than adults”可以推断出，有些人放弃学习外语的借口是：他们认为自己老了(old)。13B根据常识可知，孩子学习外语比成年人要快(quickly)，但是研究表明处在任何年龄(age)，你都可以学习外语。14A由上文提到的children 和adults的对比意义可知答案。15A联系下文中作者的建议可知，很多人担心(worry)自己会犯错误。16D根据语境可知，有些人担心自己在学习(learning)外语的过程中会犯错误。bargain“讨价还价”。17B根据“祈使句and简单句”的句式结构可知，此处是指：对于你所犯的错误要放松并付诸一笑，你很可能会避免再犯同样的错误。18D结合下文中but表示的转折意义可知，此处强调学习外语从来都不是一件容易的(easy)事情。19B20A此处指上文提到的some people，也就是以这门语言为母语的人，故用their。考点：考查说明文阅读【题型】完形填空【难度】一般4.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost nonexistent.In the world of digital technology, email, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be_1_Solitude can be hard to discover _2_it has been given up.In this respect，new technologies have _3_our culture. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n)_4_as weve known it.People have become so _5_ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted_6_theyd rather not be.Today we can talk, text, email, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our _7_，but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become _8_ on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _9_it would make them an outsider._10_， many jobs and careers require people to be_11_From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a _12_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who _13_wants it.Computers can be shut _14_and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many _15_，as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up _16_on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel _17_and forced to answer unwanted calls or _18_to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _19_across generations.Some find todays technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyones view on the subject，its hard to imagine what life would be like _20_daily advancements in technology.1A.updatedBreceivedCsharedDcollected2A.thoughBuntilConceDbefore3A.respectedBshapedCignoredDpreserved4A.edgeBstageCendDbalance5A.sensitiveBintelligentCconsiderateDreachable6A.even ifBonly ifCas ifDif only7A.mediaBcomputersCdatabasesDmonitors8A.bentBhardCkeenDdependent9A.findingBusingCprotectingDchanging10A.AlsoBInsteadCOtherwiseDSomehow11A.connectedBtrainedCrecommendedDinterested12A.pleasureBbenefitCburdenDdisappointment13A.slightlyBhardlyCmerelyDreally14A.outBdownCupDin15A.aspectsBweaknessesCadvantagesDexceptions16A.hiddenBlostCrelaxedDdeserted17A.trappedBexcitedCconfusedDamused18A.turnBsubmitCobjectDreply19A.varyBariseCspreadDexist20A.beyondBwithinCdespiteDwithout【答案】 1C2C3B4C5D6A7B8D9B10A11A12C13D14B15C16B17A18D19A20D1C结合前面的“In the world of digital technology，email，social networking and online video games”可知，信息是要共享的，故答案选C。update“使现代化，更新”；receive“收到”；share“分享”；collect“收集；使集合”。2C句意：独处一旦被放弃就很难再找到。though“尽管，虽然”；until“直到；在之前(用于否定句)”；once“一旦，一经便”；before“在之前”。结合句意可知应选C。3B科学技术对文化产生影响，即：新技术塑造(shaped)了我们的文化，故选B。respect“尊敬，尊重”；shape“塑造，形成”；ignore“忽视，不理会”；preserve“保存，保护”。4C结合下文内容可知，现代科技无处不在，即使不想联系都已不可能，故此处应为“要联系的这种欲望已经让独处不复存在”。此处为固定搭配bring sth.to an end(使某事结束)，因此应选C。5D根据下一段的最后一句“Being reachable might feel like a.”可知应选D项。reachable“可达成的；可触及的”；sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“聪明的”；considerate“周到的”。6A7B根据常识可知，“email，chat and blog(写博客)”一般是在电脑(computers)上完成的，但是还可以通过手机进行。8D句意：大多数发达国家已经很依赖数字技术，仅仅是因为他们已经习惯了。dependent“依靠的，依赖的”，符合语境。9B和上句相对应，人们已经习惯了用数字技术，所以如果不用它，就将会使自己成为一个局外人。故答案为B项。10A本句是对上句内容的递进：人们不仅仅是依赖数字技术，而且许多工作也要求人们要通过数字技术联系起来。故A项符合语境。11Aconnect“联系，连接”；train“训练”；recommend“推荐”；interest“使感兴趣”。根据上题解析可知，A项符合语境。12C根据后文中的否定含义可知，这种依赖对于不想被联系的人来说是个负担。pleasure“乐趣，乐事”；benefit“好处，益处”；burden“负担”；disappointment“失望”。13D句意：独处对于那些真正(really)需要它的人来说，仍然是可能的。故D项符合语境。14B此处电脑关机和下文中的手机关机在语境上一致，故选B项。shut down computers“关闭电脑”。15C16B句意：当旅行者在山上迷路时，手机可以救无数人的性命。故B项lost符合语境。17A由后文中被迫接电话和发信息可知，手机也会使人们感到陷入困境(trapped)。excited“激动的，兴奋的”；confused“困惑的”；amused“愉悦的”。18D结合生活常识可以判断，此处意为：答复电话和回复短信。turn to“转向；求助于”；submit to“递交”；object to“反对，反抗”；reply to“回复，答复”。19A此处是对全文的总结，即：人们对于如此联系着的社会存在各种各样的观点。vary“使多样化；不同”；arise“引起；上升”；spread“展开；扩展”；exist“存在”。故选A项vary。20D此处是文章观点的升华，使用双重否定句突出主题，即：人们的生活离不开科技。beyond“在之外”；within“在范围内”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”。故D项符合语境。考点：考查说明文阅读【题型】完形填空【难度】一般5.完形填空阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Annual celebrations involve giving red packets of money to friends and family. But dont 1 these faux pas(失礼) when you do.Every year, hundreds of millions of people around the world 2 Lunar New Year, sometimes travelling thousands of miles to spend time with their 3and friends. In China, this mass 4 can cause huge problems almost 100 000 people were stranded at a railway station this year by heavy snow, for instance.But Lunar New Year could 5 pose a different kind of issue for employers wishing to partake in the celebrations. Its customary to give hongbao red packets filled with 6 to family, friends, business partners and employees at this time of a year, 7 first you need to know the rules.Its 8 to give money in odd-number amounts, for starters. Thats only done at 9and considered unlucky for a time of celebration.