中考英语第三部分薯话题语篇突破话题三科普知识与现代技术；通讯备考猜押一阅读理解b试题人教新目标版

为深入贯彻落实党的十九大精神和习近平总书记的重要指示精神，保障人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安、进一步巩固党的执政基础，束城镇深入贯彻全市扫黑除恶会议精神，强化措施，深入扎实开展扫黑除恶专项斗争阅读理解BPassage 1(2016广州)Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily, researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb. While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food(using the suns energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamps batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50watt LED light for two hours enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp, believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?A. They are difficult to use and create pollution. B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light. D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from_A. plant food B. plant waste C. the soils heat D. the suns energy3. What is true about the Plant Lamp?A. It can be made by local people. B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs. D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.4. The Plant Lamps inventor believes it could be most helpful for_A. rainforest communities B. carsC. poor people in cities D. farmers 5. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To report on a new invention. B. To explain a new scientific theory.C. To describe how electricity is made. D. To discuss the problems of poor villages.Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项新的发明“植物电灯”，它能够让没有供电的雨林地区的人们获得电。1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第一段，油灯的问题是什么？ A项：它们很难用而且造成污染；B项：它们很难买到而且容易坏；C项：它们很难修理而且发出微弱的光；D项：它们花费大而且有害健康。从首段最后一句可知，油灯不仅贵，而且会产生有害气体。故选D。2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：植物灯的电来自哪里？ A项：植物果食；B项：植物废料；C项：土壤的热量；D项：太阳能。从第三段第三句可知，植物灯的电来自于植物废料。故选B。3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：有关植物灯的叙述哪一项是正确的？ A项：当地人可以制作植物灯；B项：植物灯比油灯好用得多；C项：植物灯可生产出村里所需的所有用电；D项：发电所用之物很容易找到。根据第二段第二句可知选D。4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：植物灯的发明者认为其对_最有用。A项：热带雨林地区；B项：汽车；C项：城市中的穷人；D项：农民。从文中最后一句可知，A项正确。故选A。5. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的目的是什么？ A项：报道一项新发明；B项：解释一项新的科学理论；C项：描述怎样发电的；D项：讨论贫困村庄的问题。纵观全文，可知选A。Passage 2(2016泰州)Have you found that more and more people are using emojis to communicate online? For example, “Happy Birthday” has become a cake with lit candles. And “I am happy” has become a smiling face.Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan. According to a survey of a mobile technology company, 6 billion emojis are used in text messages around the world every day. Last year, 20 percent of all emojis used in the UK and 17 percent of those used in the US was the icon . It became the most widelyused icon in 2015.Emojis are now used as “a new form of expression”， and one which can cross language barriers(障碍). “Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s, because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully”， president of Oxford Dictionaries told The Wall Street Journal.Since millennials became the biggest part in the American workforce(劳动力), emojis have been more accepted in the workplace. For many people, the tiny pictures also show that the users are part of mainstream(主流) society. In the digital age, emojis are “how most people communicate and show their personality many times every day.”But not everyone thinks the use of emojis is a good thing. Jonathan Jones of The Guardian said that the success of emojis is “a step back for humans”， hurting peoples ability to use languages.“There are strict limits on what you can say with picturesthe written word is necessary to express your ideas and feelings to their highest level.” he said.Do you feel or about emojis?1. What emoji is “Happy Birthday” according to the passage?A. B. C. D. 2. Where were emojis invented?A. In Japan. B. In China. C. In the UK. D. In the US.3. What does the underlined word “millennials” in the 3rd paragraph mean in Chinese?A. 80后 B. 00后 C. 独生子女 D. 千禧一代4. Why are emojis popular among millennials?A. Because emojis limit what they say with pictures.B. Because they think emojis are a step back for humans.C. Because 6 billion emojis are used in text messages every day.D. Because young people are easily attracted by new technology and new things.5. The writer makes us learn about the emojis in Paragraph 2 by _.A. telling stories B. explaining the word “emojis”C. listing numbers D. making comparisons(比较)Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了用于网络交流的表情符号。1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，哪种表情符号表示“生日快乐”？从第一段第二句“For example, Happy Birthday has become a cake with lit candles.”可知，生日快乐是用一块点着蜡烛的蛋糕来表示。故选C。2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：表情符号是在什么地方发明的？从第二段第一句“Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan.”可知，自20世纪90年代表情符号在日本发明以来，受到了热烈欢迎。故选A。3. D【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段划线单词“millennials”的汉语意思是什么？从第三段第二句“Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s.”可知，表情符号在20世纪80年代后期到21世纪早期的“millennials”中非常受欢迎，用排除法可知选D。millennials是一个国外的一个专门的术语，意为“千禧一代”(19841995年出生的人)。故选D。4. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么表情符号在千禧一代中非常受欢迎？从第三段第二句“.because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully.”可知，因为千禧一代欢迎新技术、新事物，而且他们认为表情符号非常灵活，能完美地表达含义。故选D。5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：在第二段中作者通过_让我们了解了表情符号。本段通过列举表情符号在短信中使用的总数量、在英美国家使用的比例，以及发明的年份、广泛流行的年份等说明表情符号的发展与流行程度。这些都是与数字有关。故选C。Passage 3(2016德州)Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight(一夜成名) because of the invention.Forget selfie sticks(自拍杆)! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.*It can fly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.*It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.Mr. Wang also said, “The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. Its very light and small. It can be folded(折叠) in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”Its reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is still being tested(测试), Hover Camera can be bought later this year.The price has not yet been decided. But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than 600.1. Hover Camera can_A. swim in the water B. fly in the midairC. change its weight D. be used as a phone2. The underlined word “track” means _A. pull B. follow C. push D. show3. According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to take?A. Its light and small. B. It can be folded in three.C. It doesnt need power. D. Only a smartphone can make it land.4. Which is not mentioned in the passage?A. How can we control Hover Camera? B. When can we buy Hover Camera?C. How much is Hover Camera? D. How popular will Hover Camera be?5. According to the passage, Wang Mengqiu is a _ young man.A. brave B. quiet C. creative D. humorousPassage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了出生在杭州的80后小伙王孟秋发明的无人相机的一些特点及发展前景。1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：无人相机可以_。根据第三段第一句“It can fly and stay in midair.”可知这款相机可以在半空中飞行并停留。故选B。2. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“track”的意思是_。根据第三段“.fly and stay in midair.and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.”可以猜测出track的意思为“追踪”。故选B。3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章内容，为什么无人相机携带方便且安全？根据第七段第二句“Its very light and small.”可知因为无人相机轻便、小巧而便于携带。故选A。4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下面哪一项没有被提到？通读全文可知A项在第四段“It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)”被提及；B项在第八段第二句“.Hover Camera can be bought later this year.”被提及；C项在第九段第二句“But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600.”被提及，只有D项未被提及。故选D。5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据文章，王孟秋是一个_年轻人。通读全文可知，王孟秋发明了无人相机，说明他是一个有创造力的人。故选C。Passage 4(2017原创)There was the worlds advanced robot exhibition in Moscow. Over 20 skilled robot performers from all over the world took part in the exhibition.The exhibition was opened by Britishborn Titan, a worldfamous dancing robot that had performed together with artists. Besides its quick moves, the robot is also known for its standup comedy and beautiful voice.Robot Hespin, a lifesized humanoid robot can make others happy. The robot not only sings and dances but also acts as a museum guide. Its very impressive. It can even hold conversations with humans.Then there is Cubic, an ordinary boxy robot that has been created to make our lives easier. It can read the latest news, switch off lights, and order pizza. Cubic can hold basic conversations and tell jokes.South Koreas friendly robots not only dance but also clean floors. Germanys famous metal rock band performs wonderfully.Most of the robots seem to have some kinds of dancing skills. The organizers say that their main purpose is to create a meeting place or a global platform to enable the people of Russia to experience some of the worlds most advanced robots.1. Where was the robot exhibition?A. In China. B. In Moscow. C. In Japan. D. In South Korea.2. What is Titan famous for?A. Its quick moves. B. Its standup comedy.C. Its beautiful voice. D. All above.3. What does the underlined word humanoid mean in the third paragraph?A. 人造的 B. 人类的 C. 仿真的 D. 人形的4. _ can dance and clean the floors according to the passage.A. Titan B. Hespin C. Cubic D. South Koreas robots5. What is the main purpose of this exhibition?A. To offer each country a chance to show their advanced robots.B. To show off Russias advanced robots.C. To enable Russian to experience some of the wor