高考英语二轮复习与策略 专题限时集训17 细节理解题（二）

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。专题限时集训(十七)细节理解题(二)A(2016镇江第一学期期中考试)In 1693 the philosopher John Locke warned that children should not be given too much “unhealthy fruit” to eat.Three centuries later，misguided ideas about childraising are still popular.Many parents fear that their children will die unless ceaselessly watched.In America the law can be equally paranoid (偏执的)In South Carolina this month Debra Harrell was jailed for letting her 9yearold daughter play in a park unsupervised(无人监督的)Her severe punishment reflects the rich worlds worry about parenting.By most objective measures，modern parents are far more conscientious (认真的) than previous generations.Dads are more handson than their fathers were，and working mothers spend more time nurturing their children than the housewives of the 1960s did. However，there are two problems in this picture，connected to class.One is at the lower end.Even if poor parents spend more time with their children than they once did，they spend less than rich parents do.America is a laggard here: its government spends abundantly on schoolage kids but much less than other rich countries on the first two or three years of life.If America did more to help poor parents with young children，it would have huge returns.The second one，occurs at the other end of the income scale，and may even apply to otherwise rational (理性的) Economist readers: welleducated，rich parents try to do too much.Safety is part of itthey fear that if they are not constantly watching，their children may break their necks，which is the least rational. Despite the impression you get from watching crime dramas，children in rich countries are safe，so long as they look both ways before crossing the road.The other popular parental fearthat your children might not get into an Ivy League collegeis more rational. Academic success matters more than ever before.But beyond a certain point，parenting makes less difference than many parents imagine.Studies in Minnesota and Sweden，for example，found that identical twins grew up equally intelligent whether they were raised together or apart.A study in Colorado found that children adopted and raised by brainy parents ended up no brainier than those adopted by average parents.This doesnt mean that parenting is irrelevant. The families who adopt children are carefully screened，so they tend to be warm，capable and middleclass.But the twin and adoption studies indicate that any child given a loving home and adequate stimulation is likely to fulfill her potential.Put another way，betteroff parents can afford to relax a bit.And if you are less stressed，your children will appreciate it，even if you still make them eat their fruit and vegetables.本文主要指出了一些错误的育儿观念，劝说那些紧张的父母学会放松你的孩子没事的，要多给孩子一点自由。1Which of the following statements is NOT a misguided idea of parenting mentioned in the passage?AChildren should be protected from any dangers by their parents.BThe more conscientious parents are，the more children will surely benefit from parenting.CChildren will die unless ceaselessly watched.DChildren are likely to fulfill their potential with a loving home and adequate stimulation.D细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，D选项表达的内容与此一致。这显然不是育儿的错误观点。故选项D符合题意。2The underlined word “laggard” in Paragraph 2 probably means a country that _Ais ahead in developmentBfalls slow behind othersCis free from physical or mental disorderDmoves to a higher positionB词义猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，美国在培育两三岁的幼儿方面的花费比其他发达国家要少得多。由此可见，美国在这方面是一个落后者。故选项B正确。laggard意为“落后者，技不如人者”。3Which of the following can we learn from the passage?AOnly warm，capable and middleclass people can adopt a child.BWhen it comes to childraising，Economist readers will become more rational.CChildren in rich countries are in greater danger due to the bad influence of crime dramas.DAlthough poor parents spend more time with their kids than they once did，they spend less than rich parents do.D细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知选项D符合题意。4This passage is mainly written to _Aurge American laws concerning parenting to be changedBadvise modern parents to learn from their previous generationsCpersuade stressed parents to learn to relax and give more freedom to their childrenDcall on the government to do more to help poor parents with schoolage childrenC归纳概括题。综合文章内容可知，本文主要是为了劝说育儿理念错误的紧张的父母们学会放松，多给孩子一点自由。故选项C符合题意。 【导学号：57732055】B(2016山东师范大学附中模拟)Like people，plants experience stress.And also，like people，the response to that stress can determine success.Bad environmental conditions，such as drought，flood，heat and other stresses，affect yields(产量) more than crop pests and diseases.We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields，said Stephen Howell，a professor of genetics and cell biology.Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal conditions，these proteins are folded into their normal，healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin system senses this and “sets off an alarm in the cell，” said Howell.In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.“As it turns out，responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants，” said Howell.“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.”For plants in the wild，this response is a help for survival，he said.In production of agriculture crops，however，this response reduces yields.“You dont want crop plants to stop growing，” Howell said.“You want them to continue to grow and produce even though they are under stress.”With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system，said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.”本文是一篇说明文。像人一样，植物也有压力，而它们对压力的反应能决定高产与否。Howell打算通过使植物中的“警报”停止工作来使作物保持高产量。5According to the text，an alarm in the plant cells is caused by _Athe folded proteins Bthe changed proteinsCthe defensive measures Dthe stress response genesB细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell， said Howell.”可知植物细胞里的警报装置是由蛋白质的变化导致的。6The energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions _Ahelps the plants to survive Bhelps to maintain high yieldsCkeeps the plants growing Dhelps to produce proteinsA细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.”可知植物中储存的这些能量有助于植物存活。7The underlined word “inhibit” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “_”ApreventBstartC.continueDpromoteA词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“You dont want crop plants to stop growing”可知处于压力下被激活的这些反应事实上阻止了植物的生长。8How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?A. By making crop plants keep more energy. BBy making crop plants stop growing.CBy making the alarm system stop working. DBy making the alarm system respond quickly.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system”中的“silence the alarm system”可知，Howell打算通过使警报停止工作来使作物保持高产量。C(2016河北冀州中学模拟)High Speed Learning CenterExpress Your OpinionThe Letters to the Editor column in your local paper is a public place for expressing opinions on matters of interest to all citizens.In this course，you will learn how to express your opinions well and improve your chances of getting your letter published.Fridays：8：4510：00 pm.Write It RightWriting a research paper involves more than gathering information.It is essential to organize your information，document your sources，and express your ideas clearly.This course is specifically designed for students preparing to enter college.Tuesdays：3：305：00 pm.Fiction WorkshopThis course is for writers who are currently working on a novel or short story.Class time will be spent reading and critiquing(评论)classmates work.Saturdays：9：3011：30 am.Report ItHave you always dreamed of being a journalist for a newspaper or magazine? This course will cover the basics of gathering news and turning it into interesting newspaper and magazine articles.Wednesdays：1：003：00 pm.Writing to SellIn this course，you will learn to write advertisements that will attract more customers to your products or business.Previous business writing experience is required.Thursdays：9：3011：30 am.Retelling Old FavoritesDo you remember the traditional fairy tales that you loved as a kid? In this course，you will rewrite some of your favorite old tales in new ways that will delight youngsters in your life.Tuesdays：5：007：00 pm.The Art of Correspondence(通信)Have you always wished you could write more elegantly? This course will help you develop your own style when writing