高考英语冲刺导练（34）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（34） 【读写应用综合训练】 一、完形填空Cloze 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm. At 16, I liked 36 better than driving our truck, 37 this time I was not happy. My father had told me Id have to ask for credit(赊账) at the store.Sixteen is a 38 age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly 39 of racial discrimination was 40 a fact of life. Id seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while the store owner 41 whether they were “good for it.” I knew black youths just like me who were 42 like thieves by the store clerk each time they went into a grocery.My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us?At Daviss store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded 45 I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I brought my 46 to the cash desk, I said 47 , “I need to put this on credit.”The farmer gave me an amused, distrustful 48 . But Bucks face didnt change. “Sure,” he said 49 . “Your daddy is 50 good for it.” He 51 to the other man. “This here is one of James Williamss sons.”The farmer nodded in a neighborly 52 . I was filled with pride. James Williams son. Those three words had opened a door to an adults respect and trust.That day I discovered that the good name my parents had 53 brought our whole family the respect of our neighbors. Everyone knew what to 54 from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself 55 much to do wrong. 36. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything37. A. and B. soC. but D. for38. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful39. A. intention B. shadow C. habit D. faith40. A. thus B. just C. still D. ever41. A. guessed B. suspected C. questioned D. figured42. A. watched B. caught C. dismissed D. accused43. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest44. A. blame B. excuse C. chargeD. trust45. A. untilB. as C. onceD. since46. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites47. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully48. A. look B. stare C. response D. comment49. A. patiently B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly50. A generally B. never C. sometimes D. always51. A. pointed B. replied C. turned D. introduced52. A. sense B. way C. degree D. mood53. A. earned B. deserved C. given D. used54. A. receiveB. expect C. collect D. require55. A. veryB. so C. howD. too 二、阅读理解Reading Comprehension Test Reading Skills阅读理解能力 考查3根据所读内容做出推理和判断能力解析：包括明示的信息和隐含信息，根据原文提供线索逻辑推理，理解作者未直接言明但确实存在或可能发生或隐含的观点；预测下文、 推断情节发展；根据内容推测目标读者 Passage 1 We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or moredoing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets. Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we dont keep reducing emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere. We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. Thats more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce? For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said. Good advice, I thought. Id opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. Wed gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. Id almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. Its time for us to change our habits if necessary. 72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? A. To take special kinds of food B. To respond to climate change. C. To lose weight D. To improve their health 73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to _. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 74. It can be inferred from the passage that _. A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time B. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2 C. the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month D. the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month 75. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Saving Energy Starts at Home B. Changing Our Habits Begins at Work C. Changing Climate Sounds Reasonable D. Reading Emissions of Proves CO2 Difficult Passage 2 Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields. Components of SoilSoil is made up of a number of layers (层), each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is known as the litter. It acts like a blanket. limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus (腐殖质), which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients, oxygen, and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil, a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock. Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow, and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada, for example, was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago. Water Beneath the SoilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lake, pond, and rivers. Once in the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation (渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate. As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH Soil can be acidic, neutral, or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it. The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gasoline, humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned. gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed, soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil, and also become easily attacked by diseases. 67. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called _. A. 1itter B. topsoil C. humus D. subsoil68. According to the text, which of the following is NOT true? A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface. B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil. C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil. D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth. 69. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies _. A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layerB. in the subsoil layer above bedrock C. between the subsoil layer and bedrockD. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil70. The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are _. A. rushed away into the riverB. cleaned and purified by water C. destroyed and carried away by waterD. mixed with water and become part of it 话题3 科学技术 Popular Science & Modern Technology 话题解析 科学与技术属于科普类阅读, 选材主要包括自然科学、社会科学、人文科学、调查或实验结果报告、前沿科技发明、医疗卫生技术发展等等。材料内容新, 密切联系经济、科技等领域的发展变化, 介绍、说明或议论某一科学发现、技术发明、机器设备工作原理或科技对人类、社会的影响。如机器人、手机等新兴科技成果及其对人类生活、思想的影响等。科普类文章特点：1）结构严谨, 逻辑严密。语篇结构主要为总分式（总分或分总）、承接式（文章各层次间按照失误发展过程或俺时间、因果等方式发展）、递进式（由浅入深, 逐层递进）；2）发展语篇手段：多为下定义、举事例、作比较、打比喻等；3）语言方面：语言结构较复杂, 长难句多。风格较为正式。4）命题考查：多为细节事实理解、词句义猜测、推理判断、主旨态度、篇章结构或语篇发展、修辞手法等。Passage A Brrriiinnng. The alarm clock announces the start of another busy weekday in the morning. You jump out of bed, rush into the shower, into your clothes and out the door with hardly a moment to think. A stressful journey to work gets your blood pressure climbing. Once at the office, you glance through the newspaper with depressing stories or reports of disasters. In that sort of mood, who can get down to work, particularly some creative, original problem-solving work?The way most of us spend our mornings is exactly opposite to the conditions that promote flexible, open-minded thinking. Imaginative ideas are most likely to come to us when were unfocused. If you are one of those energetic morning people, your most inventive time comes in the early evening when you are relaxed. Sleepy peoples lack of focus leads to an increase in creative problem solving. By not giving yourself time to tune into your wandering mind, youre missing out on the surprising solutions it may offer.The trip you take to work doesnt help, either. The stress slows down the speed with which signals travel between neurons (神经细胞), making inspirations less likely to occur. And while we all should read a lot about whats going on in the world, it would not make you feel good for sure, so put that news website or newspaper aside until after the days work is done. So what would our mornings look like if we wanted to start them with a full capacity for creative problem solving? Wed set the alarm a few minutes early and lie awake in bed, following our thoughts where they lead. Wed stand a little longer under the warm water of the shower, stopping thinking about tasks in favor of a few more minutes of relaxation. Wed take some deep breaths on our way to work, instead of complaining about heavy traffic. And once in the office after we get a cup of coffee wed click on links not to the news of the day but to the funniest videos the web has to offer. 67. According to the author, we are more creative when we are _. A. focused B. relaxedC. awake D. busy68. What does the author imply about newspapers? A. They are solution providers.B. They are a source of inspiration. C. They are normally full of bad news.D. They are more educational than websites.69. By “tune into your wandering mind” (in Para. 2), the author means “_”. A. wander into the wildB. listen to a beautiful tune C. switch to the traffic channelD. stop concentrating on anything70. The author writes the last paragraph in order to _. A. offer practical suggestionsB. summarize past experiences C. advocate diverse ways of life D. establish a routine for the future Passage B Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones a winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Heres how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is geneticyoure a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, its quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自我) isnt on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dwecks book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation? A. They dont do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood. C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who _. A. doesnt want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safety C. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe? A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. Talent comes with ones birth. C. Scores should be highly valued.D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study? A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes. C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.Passage C According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.The project, called Hywind, is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2.3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar (see picture), a technology Hywinds creator, the Norwegian company Statoil Hydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywinds stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture ). Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as- eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.63. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _. A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floorB. the spar which is floating in deep-sea water C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea windD. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface64. To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting _. A. on the sea floor B. on the spar topC. at sea level D. behind the blades65. Wide applications of de