高三英语一轮复习 unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars教师用书 新人教版必修

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线 Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.atmosphere_ n大气层；气氛2.unlike prep. 与不同；不像3.fundamental_ adj. 基本的；基础的4.pull_ n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力5.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的6.climate n. 气候7.religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的8.theory n学说；理论theoretical_adj.理论的；理论性的9.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地10.harmful adj.有害的harm n& v伤害harmless adj.无害的11.exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存12.puzzle vi.& vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled_adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的13.biology n生物学biologist n生物学家14.globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的1.We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.2.Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only_exist in the minds of some people.(exist)3.Last night we had a discussion, which became more and more_violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence_whatever happens.(violent)4.There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling_problem_puzzled her.(puzzle)5.Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health. So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)6.He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom. (religion)1.“推，拉”家族pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力draw vt.&vi. 拖；拉drag vt.&n. 拖；拉；拽push v&n. 推，推动(力)2.后缀ist名词荟萃biologist生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家3.un前缀高频形容词集锦unlike不像的unfair 不公平的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不寻常的unhappy 不幸福的二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.in_time及时；终于2.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解3.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防4.in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着5.prevent_._from_ 阻止；制止6.cheer_up_ 感到高兴；感到振奋7.now_that 既然8.break_out_ 突发；爆发9.give_birth_to 产生；分娩10.block_out_ 挡住(光线)11.lay_eggs 下蛋12.depend_on 依赖；依靠1.Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week_in_its_turn.2.Only by practising time and time again can you get_the_hang_of_the grammar rules.3.She married at 25 and gave_birth_to her first child shortly after.4.Last night, Mrs. Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came in_time to save her life.5.Do remember to watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.6.Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.1.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for)小心；当心look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心2.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事 (2)禁止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. from doing sth.stop sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth.forbid sb. from doing sth.三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do。他的决定使我们在今天下午四点以前完成工作成为可能。His decision made_it_possible_for_us_to_finish_the_work_by four oclock this afternoon.2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。 倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv.原级as其他。杰茜卡付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。Now_that_everybody_is_here,_we can begin the meeting.4.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加， 宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。过去分词作状语，说明主语的情况。长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey, the three of us went back home, hungry_and_tired.Last Sunday， a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke. We tried hard to get the fire under control， though we knew the smoke was harmful to our health. Luckily， the firefighters arrived in time. Thus， they， in their turn， began to prevent the fire from spreading and save life. Depending on their professional knowledge， they quickly put out the fire， which made all of us cheer up.1harmful adj.有害的(1)be harmful to 对有害harmless adj. 无害的(2)cause/do harm to . 对造成伤害/有害mean no harm 无恶意there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life and the environment.(2013安徽高考书面表达)这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in_calling_him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。2in time 及时；终于 (1)in time for . 刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(3)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in_time.(2014山东高考写作)常言道，“有志者事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。He arrived home just in time to_witness_(witness) his brother being taken away by the police.他回到家正好目击了他的弟弟被警察带走。At_the_same_time,_we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015天津高考书面表达)同时，我们将给你们班带去大约500本书。3in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；反之；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果Now that we have finished designing, the company, in_its_turn,_should do the constructing work.既然我们已经完成了设计，就该由公司来进行建设了。All theories come from practice and_in_turn_serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。It_turned_out_that this young man was none other than the old mans son.这位年轻人竟然是这位老人的儿子。4cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋(1)cheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油(2)Cheers！ 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！When Im feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。The audience stood up to cheer_on_their_team Guangzhou Evergrande Football Team.观众们站起来为他们的球队广州恒大足球队欢呼加油。名师指津cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。Is there life on Mars? It is still a puzzle to us. The earth is six times the size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for life to exist. If we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.5puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜 (1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解The police are still_puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。Where the missing plane has gone still remains a_puzzle_to us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.当这个小女孩被问及如此一个令人迷惑的问题时，她面带惊讶的表情站在那里。This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking_puzzled (puzzle)今天早晨我正在大街上走，就在这时我看见两名游客正在困惑地看着地图。名师指津过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。6exist vi.存在；生存 (1)exist in存在于之中exist on 靠为生There exists . 某地有；存在(2)existence n 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。There_exists a good way to solve the existing problem at present.目前有一个解决现存问题的好办法。No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence.没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始有的。 名师指津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。7倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as B(2)Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级than B(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight/length .)of B(4)A倍数what从句，表示“A是的多少倍”。The red ruler is three times as long (long) as the yellow one.The red ruler is three times longer (long) than the yellow one.The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.这个红尺子是黄尺子的三倍长。The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。名师指津在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice, 三倍或三倍以上用“基数词times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数、half等来替换。8make itadj./n.for sb. to doThis produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型make itadj./n.for sb. to do，其中it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。(1)makeit形容词/名词that从句makeit形容词/名词to do不定式makeitno good/no use/no value .doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等。People in the west make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节购买礼物给亲朋好友。Susan made_it_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。I consider_it_no_use quarrelling with him about it.我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said.2As is known to us, the Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.3As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to ones health.4Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer up,_hoping to make his parents less worried.5I can say that it is the most violent (violence) film that I have ever seen.6My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.7As the old saying goes, it is easier to pull down than to build up.8The old lady became seriously ill last week, and she has only existed on milk ever since. 9The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times bigger (big) than the present one.10Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.单句改错1She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes. forto2The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing. puzzlingpuzzled3Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists in his mind.existsexist4Youll succeed on time because you are always working hard. onin5There were many fish float in the river because of the serious pollution. floatfloating6The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.makes后加it.根据提示词或结构补全句子1. 更为重要的是，我觉得该是我开始照顾父亲的时候了。(ones turn)More importantly, I found_it_was_my_turn_to_start looking after my father.2我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。(what引导的主语从句)What_we_cant_get_seems better than what we already have. 3还不清楚这次事故是否对环境有影响。(it作形式主语)It_is_not_clear_whether the accident has an effect on the environment or not.4在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。(be to do)In the school hall，where_a_meeting_is_to_be_held，some students are busy preparing for it.5无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make itn.to do .)No matter where he is, he makes_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk before breakfast.6李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法) Li Mings mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice_as_much_as his. .根据括号内的要求完成下面各题1The new planet discovered recently is almost three times as large as Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.The new planet discovered recently is almost three_times_bigger_than Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(than)The new planet discovered recently is almost_three_times_the_size_of Earth, and hopefully it can support human life.(size)2It is possible for every student in our school to use a computer in class.(同义句转换)Our school makes_it_possible for every student to use a computer in class.3众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。(一句多译)What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to your health.(harmful)It_is_known_to_us_that_drinking too much does_harm_to your health.(it作形式主语，harm)4If the basic interests of the workers are not considered, theyll go on strike next week.(用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词)basicfundamental课下练熟高考练(一)英语知识运用组块专练练准度(限时：30分钟).完形填空(2017江西省重点中学盟校高三联考)Whenever my child caused me to change my schedule, I thought to myself, “We dont have time for this.” _1_， the two words I most commonly spoke to my child were: “Hurry up.” But my promise to _2_ was made almost three years ago, and I began my journey to grasp what _3_ in life. My younger daughter is my living _4_ of why I must keep trying. In fact, the other day, she reminded me once again.The two of us had taken a bike ride to the _5_. After buying a cool treat for my daughter, she sat down at a table in _6_ admiring the ice cream she held in her hand. Suddenly a look of worry _7_ on her face. “Do I have to rush, Mama？”I could have _8_. Perhaps the pains of a _9_ life dont ever completely disappear, I thought sadly. As my child looked up at me waiting to know _10_ she could take her time, I knew I had a(n) _11_. I could sit there _12_ about the number of times when I rushed my child through life . or I could celebrate the fact that today Im trying to do things _13_. I chose to live in today.“You dont have to rush. Just take your time，” I said in a(n) _14_ way. Her whole face instantly brightened and her shoulders _15_. And so we sat side by side talking about things that interested us.When she got to the last bite, she held out a spoonful of ice crystals and sweet juice for me. “I _16_ the last bite for you, Mama，” my daughter said _17_. As I let the icy goodness put out my thirst, I _18_ I just got the deal of a lifetime. I gave my child a little time . and _19_， she gave me her last bite and reminded me that things taste sweeter and love is _20_ to get when you stop rushing through life.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一个总是觉得时间不够用的人。女儿的一个小小的举动让作者意识到慢下来的生活更有意义。1A.HoweverBInsteadCTherefore DBesides解析：选C根据第一句话中的“We dont have time for this.”可知，作者总是觉得时间不够用。因此作者经常对孩子说的话就是“快点”。2A.speed up Bslow downCgive up Dkeep on解析：选B作者总是督促孩子抓紧时间，但是差不多三年前作者决定(让生活)“慢下来”。本空与上一句的“Hurry up”形成对比。3A.works BhappensCminds Dmatters解析：选D根据语境，此处指作者想抓住生活中重要的事情。4A.reminder BmessageCexample Dguide解析：选A作者的小女儿就是一个活生生的提醒物，提醒作者为什么要坚持尝试让生活慢下来。reminder“起提醒作用的东西”。下句的“reminded me once again”也是提示。5A.church BparkCsupermarket Dschool解析：选C根据下一句话中的“buying a cool treat”可知，作者和女儿去的是超市。6A.relief BsorrowCadvance Ddelight解析：选D作者给女儿买了冷饮之后，女儿非常高兴。句中的“admiring the ice cream”是提示。 in delight“高兴地”。7A.brought in Bturned upCwent by Dmade up解析：选B突然之间一丝担心的神情出现在女儿的脸上。turn up“出现”，符合语境。8A.cried BhatedCwondered Dregretted解析：选A女儿的话触动了作者的心，作者感到很伤心，所以当时就有一种想要哭出来的感觉。与下句话中的“thought sadly”相符。9A.difficult BdesperateChurried Dterrified解析：选C结合第一段的内容可知，作者总是催促孩子抓紧时间，一直在紧张忙碌中度过。而a hurried life正是对这种生活的总结，符合语境。10A.when BifChow Dwhat解析：选B这时候孩子看着作者的脸，想要知道这次作者是否会催促她，也就是是否自己能够慢下来。11A.duty BchanceCchoice Didea解析：选C根据下文中的“I could” “or I could” “I chose to live in today.”可知，choice“选择”符合语境。12A.thinking BcomplainingCworrying Dtalking解析：选A根据语境可知，此处指的应是作者可以坐在那儿回想(thinking)曾经有多少次她催促孩子。13A.differently BvividlyCperfectly Dcasually解析：选A根据本段最后一句话可知，作者要做出的决定就是活在当下，活在今天，不再像以前那样忙忙碌碌。这是完全不同的处事方式，所以用differently。14A.angry BobviousCgentle Dcautious解析：选C作者对孩子说尽管放松，不需要赶时间的时候，心里已经明白了自己以前的做法是不对的，所以是以一种温柔的方式对女儿说的。15A.raised BrelaxedCshook Dtrembled解析：选B作者女儿的脸上立刻放出了光芒，而且因为高兴她的双肩也放松了，所以用relaxed。16A.saved BtastedCpurchased Drushed解析：选A根据本句中的“the last bite”可知，作者的女儿把最后一口冰淇淋留给了作者。save“(为某人)保留”，符合语境。17A.frequently BcarefullyCproudly Dslowly解析：选C女儿和作者在一起度过了轻松而惬意的时光，现在女儿为妈妈着想，说话的时候满带着骄傲。18A.realized BimaginedCexpected Dremembered解析：选A根据后面的“I just got the deal of a lifetime.”可知，此处指的应是作者意识到自己今天做了一生中最值得的一笔交易。realize“意识到”，符合语境。19A.in contrast Bin returnCin charge Din control解析：选B作者给了女儿一点可以轻松度过的时间，而作为回报，作者享受了女儿为自己留的冰淇淋。in return“作为回报”，符合语境。20A.harder BbetterCcloser Deasier解析：选D女儿的小小的举动提醒了作者，如果我们都放松步伐，事情会变得更甜蜜，爱也会来得更容易。 .语法填空(2017广州市综合测试二)Each week New Yorkbased hairstylist Mark Bustos tries to make a small difference in peoples lives _1_ giving haircuts to homeless people.During the week, Mark works in his highclass salon, but each Sunday, he walks around the city asking people _2_ theyd like a haircut. He then gives them a stylish haircut _3_ same kind he would give to any paying customer, except these are done for free for those who are homeless or cannot afford a haircut _4_ (them)Marks work began in 2012 when visiting family in the Philippines. Instead of just _5_ (take) a typical, relaxing vacation, he decided to give poor local children haircuts. “I felt so happy doing it that Ive continued since returning，” Mark explains.Changing someones appearance can have a huge impact on their life. Remember the homeless retired soldier who received a makeover? He found a job, _6_ (rent) a house and quit drinking alcohol afterwards. _7_ (simple) changing how a person looks can give them a huge increase in _8_ (confident)Mark Bustos proves that there are many ways _9_ (give), and that you can easily use your _10_ (person) abilities to make a difference in somebodys life.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了发型师Mark Bustos通过给无家可归的人理发来改变他们的外貌，从而使他们增加自信心、努力改变生活的故事。1by根据语境可知，发型师通过给无家可归的人理发，试图给他们的生活带来小小的变化。byv.ing意为“通过”