高考英语冲刺导练（17）

“讲忠诚、严纪律、立政德”三者相互贯通、相互联系。忠诚是共产党人的底色，纪律是不能触碰的底线，政德是必须修炼的素养。永葆底色、不碰底线天津市耀华中学2017届高考英语冲刺导练（17） 【读写应用综合训练】一、完形填空Cloze 1_17记叙文 -7 政德才能立得稳、立得牢。要深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想特别是习近平总书记关于“立政德”的重要论述，深刻认识新时代立政德的重要性和紧迫性。Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While 21 her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a (an) 22 in medicine. At 18 she married and 23 a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a 24 Her husband supported her decision. 25 , Canadian medical schools did not 26 women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study 27 at the Womens Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to 28 her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte 29 to Montreal and set up a private 30 . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a 31 doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte 32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting 33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area. But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had 34 a doctors license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was 35 . The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to 36 her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to 37 her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to 38 a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte 39 to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73. In 1993, 77 years after her 40 , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.” 21. A. raising B. teaching C. nursing D. missing 22. A. habit B. interest C. opinion D. voice 23. A. invented B. selected C. offered D. started 24. A. doctor B. musician C. lawyer D. physicist 25. A. Besides B. Unfortunately C. Otherwise D. Eventually 26. A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept 27. A. history B. physics C. medicine D. law 28. A. improve B. save C. design D. earn 29. A. returned B. escaped C. spread D. wandered 30. A. school B. museum C. clinic D. lab 31. A. busy B. wealthy C. greedy D. lucky 32. A. helped B. found C. troubled D. imagined 33. A. harmful B. tired C. broken D. weak 34. A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for 35. A. punished B. refused C. blamed D. fired 36. A. display B. change C. preview D. complete 37. A. leave B. charge C. test D. cure 38. A. sell B. donate C. issue D. show 39. A. continued B. promised C. pretended D. dreamed 40. A. birth B. death C. wedding D. graduation 二、阅读理解Reading Comprehension 阅读微技能 Micro Reading Skills解析与训练 系列 3 微技能：3. 组织-骨架阅读Organism-Skeleton Reading Strategy 组织-骨架阅读策略可以理解为“见树又见林”即重视文字细节又重视篇章结构的阅读法。阅读策略中常见的有bottom-up和top-down 两种方式，但是二者都有缺陷。阅读中要能巨细兼顾，才能把握全面信息，解决问题。 Passage 1 2016北京卷 D Why College Is Not Home The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities. For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning. Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community (群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.67. Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A. Sympathetic B. DisapprovingC. Supportive D. Neutral68. The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means _. A. change B. choiceC. text D. extension69. According to the author ,what role should college play? A. To develop a shared identity among students B. To define and regulate students social behavior C. To provide a safe world without tension for students D. To foster students intellectual and personal development70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage? Passage 2 2016四川卷 DA warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin (褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.32. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _. A. started sleep more easilyB. were more anxiousC. were less activeD. woke up later33. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A. Its been tested on mice for ten times.B. It can make people more energetic. C. It exists in milk in great amount.D. Its used in sleeping drugs.34. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Night Milk and SleepB. Fat, Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on MiceD. Milk Drinking and Health35. How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By giving examples.B. By stating arguments. C. By explaining statistical data.D. By providing research results.训练 3 2015 北京卷A One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didnt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs. Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and as to find his way out. When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.56. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.57. How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches. C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.58. On Tuesday, Nicholas _. A. returned to his shelter safely.B. was saved by a searcher. C. got stuck in the snowD. stayed where he was59. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _. A. did the right things in the dangerous situation.B. watched Grylls TV program regularly C. created some tips for survivalD. was very hard-workingCTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feetas far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? Its trickier than you might think. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily. But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see ityou see the things behind it. To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materialsskin, fat, and moreand light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it .Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_. A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means_. A. silently B. graduallyC. regularly D. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to _. A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light. C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals_. A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after death C. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreadingC Decision-thinking is not unlike poker it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games fall into two classes: there are what he called games of “perfect information”, games like chess where the players cant hide anything or play tricks: they dont win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of “imperfect information”, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors which would even puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker. 2000_C; words: 218 + 120 time limit: 6 59. The subject discussed in this text is _. A. the process of reaching decisionsB. the difference between poker and chess C. the secret of making good business plansD. the value of information in winning games60. An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _. A. rules B. luckC. time D. ideas61. Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”? A. Quite right. B. True enough.C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.62. In the writers opinion, when making business decisions one should _. A. put perfect information before imperfect information B. accept the existence of unknown factors C. regard business as a game of chessD. mix known and unknown factors# 将文中划线句子译成通顺的中文，并写出that的指代和句法作用。三、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart (购物手推车). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging (吃力地携带) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of pu