高中英语 module 4 great scientists section ⅳ other parts of the module教学案 外研版必修4

Module 4 Great Scientists Section Other Parts of the Module原文呈现RocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space. They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events， such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowderwhich was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead ofexploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.读文清障rocket/rkIt/n.火箭advanced adj.高级的；先进的which引导限制性定语从句，which在从句中作use的宾语。firework displays焰火表演great events重大事件millennium/mIlenim/n.千年invent vt.发明；创造by accident偶然by chance偶然on purpose故意地gunpowder/npad/n.火药which引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。throw .into .把扔进里explosion/Ikspln/n.爆炸；爆炸声make explosions制造爆炸jump out of从中跳出来 instead of相反，而不是explode/Ikspld/vi.爆炸 escape/IskeIp/vi.逃跑；逃避现在分词短语作定语，修饰the gas。火箭第12段译文今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或2000年新千年的开始。火箭可能是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。也许一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot“arrows of flying fire”. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official， invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit， there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut？at war with与交战at peace with与和平共处shoot v射中 shoot at向射击(不强调射中)arrow/r/n.(弓)箭 be attached to被拴/捆到上keep .doing .使一直做doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行或者持续进行。straight/streIt/adj.直的which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a long stick, 且在从句中作主语。how to .作learned的宾语。it is possible that .是可能的。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。be used for被用作over the surface of在表面之上hit v(hit, hit)击中which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a rocket。not everybody表示部分否定。a Chinese government official是Wan Hu的同位语。动名词flying作定语，修饰chair，表示chair的用途。light v(lit, lit)点燃 thick smoke浓烟clear/klI/vi.(烟雾)消散disappear vi.消失该词不用于被动语态。what happened作knows的宾语。现在分词短语becoming the worlds .作结果状语。第34段译文火箭第一次被用于军事是在1232年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在13世纪到15世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们用于军事目的。一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把47个火箭绑到风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。没有人知道发生了什么。万户被炸死了？还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？Step 1True (T) or False (F)1Today rockets are only used to send astronauts into space._F_2Rockets were invented by Chinese about 2,000 years ago._T_3It was in the Song Dynasty that rockets were first used in wars._T_4It is believed that Europeans learned how to make rockets from the Mongols._F_5Wan Hu succeeded in sending himself into space with the help of rockets._F_Step 2Choose the best answers according to the passage.1When were rockets probably invented?AAbout 2,000 years ago.BIn 1232.CBetween the 13th and 15th centuries.DDuring the Song Dynasty.2It is possible that_introduced rockets to Europe.Athe Song armyBthe MongolsCWan Hu Done Italian scientist3Which country did not do rockets experiment between the 13th and 15th centuries?AItaly. BEngland.CFrance. DAmerica.4One Italian scientist invented a rocket which _.Acould fly into the skyBcould hit the enemys horseCcould fly over the surface of waterDcould clear the cloud in the air5Whats the topic of the text?AThe dangers of rockets.BThe development of rockets.CThe advantages of rockets.DThe invention of rockets.答案：15ABDCB一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.diagnosevt.诊断2.victimn. 受害者3.brilliantadj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的4.careern. 生涯；经历5.briefadj. 简短的；简洁的6.partlyadv. 部分地；在一定程度上7.physicaladj. 身体的8.escapevi. 逃跑；逃避9.relativityn. 相对论10.arrown. (弓)箭11.clearvi. (烟雾)消散，消除.拓展词汇1.straightadj.直的 adv.直接地；笔直地straighten v(使)变直2.briefadj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简要地；扼要地3.graduatevi.毕业graduation n毕业4.personaladj.个人的personally adv.亲自；就个人而言personality n个性；性格5.explodevi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸声1.career n生涯；经历词块teaching career 教学生涯2.brief adj.简短的；简洁的 派生briefly adv.简短地；简洁地词块in brief 简言之3.physical adj.身体的联想mental adj.精神的；脑力的词块physical educationPE 体育physical examination 身体检查4.arrow n(弓)箭联想bow n弓；弓状物词块bow and arrow 弓箭5.escape vi.逃跑；逃避同义flee6.brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的；光辉夺目的；灿烂的；优秀的近义splendid; excellent; magnificent二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.be known for因而出名/闻名2be diagnosed with 被诊断出；患有3earn ones/a living 谋生4in the area of . 在领域5by accident 偶然地6be attached to 被绑在上7be at war with 与交战8graduate from 从毕业；毕业于9send .into . 把发送到中10jump out of 从中跳出来11escape from (从)逃离1.the voice of science科学的代言人2physical disability 身体残疾3make explosions 使爆炸4come to power 掌权5in space 在太空中6throw .into 把扔进7in a straight direction 以笔直的方向8well done 不错，真棒9theory of relativity 相对论10a form of energy 能量的一种形式三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。“疑问词to do ”结构，相当于一个名词性从句，在句中作learned的宾语。We should teach children how_to_survive when in danger.我们应该教孩子危险时如何生存下去。2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。“keep宾语宾补”，其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。Dont keep_me_waiting for too long.别让我等太久。3.Or was he carried miles into space，becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空成了世界上第一位宇航员？句中的becoming the worlds first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。It snowed heavily for two days, making_the_temperature_fall_greatly.下了两天大雪，致使气温大幅度下降。4.In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered thathe was a brilliant scientist.在斯蒂芬霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。“Itbe过去分词that”句型。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。It_is_said_that those who eat the most are the least healthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。1(教材P36)What is Einstein known for?爱因斯坦因什么而出名？be known for因而出名/闻名be known as作为而出名be known to 被熟知Guilinis known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mo Yan was internationally known for his novels.莫言因他的小说而闻名于世。She was known as a campus singer when she was a middle school student.当她还是一个中学生的时候，就作为一名校园歌手而出名了。The player is_known_to the younger generation.这位运动员为年轻一代所熟知。2(教材P37)He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University.他1942年出生在牛津，后又从牛津大学毕业。graduate vi.毕业n.C大学毕业生(1)graduate from毕业于(大学)graduate in 毕业于(专业)(2)graduation n. 毕业Johnson is a newgraduate.He has difficulty in dealing with whatever problems arise.约翰逊是刚毕业的大学生。他很难应付出现的任何问题。After graduating from Harvard University, he returned to his motherland and set up his own business.从哈佛大学毕业后，他回到祖国创办了自己的企业。Mary graduated in medicine from Yale University last year.玛丽去年毕业于耶鲁大学医学专业。Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation?你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？名师点津graduate是一个短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。3(教材P37)Albert Einstein left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.希特勒掌权时，爱因斯坦离开德国去美国工作。come to/into power开始执政，掌权，上台beyond ones power力所不及，不能胜任in/within ones power 在某人能力范围内in power 当权have/hold power over sth./sb. 对某事/人有控制权When Hitler came to power,many people were forced to leave their country.在希特勒掌权时，许多人被迫离开了自己的祖国。It is said that the new mayor will come to/into power next month.据说新市长下个月将上任。He has been in_power for ten years but still doesnt want to leave office.他已经掌权10年了，但是仍然不想离开这个职位。Im afraid it is beyond my power to do what yourre asking.我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。名师点津in power “当权，执政”表状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用；come to power“开始执政，掌权”表动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。4(教材P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。escape vi.逃跑，逃避；漏出，泄露n逃跑，逃脱，逃避(1)escape from/out of .从逃走(2)escapen./doing sth. 逃脱某事/做某事(常用被动语态)(3)have a narrow escape 九死一生So sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.这次袭击太突然了以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。Put the lid on to prevent heat escaping (escape)盖上盖子，以免热气跑了。You were very lucky to have escaped from the big fire last night.昨晚你非常幸运逃离了那场大火。Whoever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being_punished (punish)不管是谁违反了法律都将不会逃脱惩罚。Last year I had a narrow escape, and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。5(教材P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。clear vi.(烟雾)消散；清理adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的，明白的写出下列句中clear的含义The cloud slowly cleared and the sun came out.消散I hope I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here.清楚；明白You can see most of the city on a clear day.晴朗的clear away收拾；清除；整理clear up(天气)放晴；整理，收拾；澄清I want this rubbish cleared_away now!把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！It is raining now, but I think it will clear up soon.现在还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。形象记忆注意clear作“清除”解时与clean的区别1In Stephen Hawkings caseit was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.在斯蒂芬霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。(1)句中it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist属于“Itbe过去分词that”句型。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于该句型的过去分词有：said, thought, reported, believed, supposed，considered，hoped等。It is reported thatthe scientists are trying to invent the new medicine for curing cancer.据报道，科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。It is believed that your son will be admitted into a famous university.我们相信你儿子会考上一所著名大学的。It_is_hoped_that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。(2)该句型可以转换为“Sb./Sth. be过去分词不定式”句型或“People say/think .that .”。It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.People say that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.Greenhouse gases are said to_be (be) the main cause of global warming.有人说，温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。2The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket movingin a straight direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。句中keep the rocket moving in a straight direction属于“keep宾语宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。“keep宾语宾补”结构的常见形式：Short of financial support, I found it hard to keep the company going smoothly.由于缺少资金支持，我发现很难使公司正常运行。We shouldkeep our classroom clean and tidy.我们应当保持教室干净和整洁。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.坏天气使我们不能出门。We should keep ourselves informed (inform) of the latest information.我们应该了解最新的信息。He kept his eyes closed (close) and stayed where he was.他闭着眼睛待在原地。3Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？(1)本句中的becoming the worlds first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，通常表示一个顺其自然、合乎情理的结果，只能放在句子后面。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。The news shocked the public, leading (lead) to great concern about students safety at school.这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving (leave) nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。(2)不定式作结果状语，通常表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。They reached the company out of breath only to be told they were fired.他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。I hurried to the airport only to_find (find) the plane had taken off.我匆忙赶到机场，发现飞机已经起飞了。.单句语法填空1Michael Jackson is wellknown for his songs as a popular singer.2It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident on the other day.3If the weather clears up,_we can go out for a walk.4He hurried to the theatre, only to_be_told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.5At the age of five, her parents died in the earthquake, leaving (leave) her an orphan.6Dont keep them working (work) day and night. They are too tired.7It is said that he has_written (write) a new book about workers.8The government came to/into power in 2014, that is, it has been in power for over three years.9Im willing to go to work in a remote village after I graduate from university.10When to_go (go) for a picnic hasnt been decided.完成句子1It is quite beyond_my_power (超出了我的能力) and Im determined to give up.2The little boy had_a_narrow_escape (九死一生) when a car ran towards him.3His friend died, leaving_him_a_lot_of_money (留给了他很多钱)4I dont know how_to_communicate_with_strangers (如何与陌生人交流)5It_is_said_that (据说) he has known the truth.6The organization finally came_to_power (掌权) after a long period of fight.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1He hope to get a good job after graduation (毕业)2The thief broke down the locked door and escaped (逃跑)3We have to deal with the emotional and physical (身体的) problems that go along with obesity.4Joanne, a fashion designer, was diagnosed (诊断) with breast cancer three years ago.5Tell the story briefly (简短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.6The victim (受害者) received head injuries from which she died a week later.7Her performance was technically brilliant (才华横溢的) but lacked feeling.8If you look straight (直地) ahead, youll see the church in the distance.9Devoted to her career (事业，生涯), she has no desire to become a wife and mother.10We all got into a panic on hearing the explosion (爆炸声).单句语法填空1New York City is famous for its tall buildings and busy lifestyle.2Wang Li graduated in law from Shandong University last year.3The government has been in power for ten years.4Mike often attempts to escape being_fined (fine) whenever he breaks traffic rules.5Youll surely see your improvement if you keep your attention paid (pay) to the study.6She threw the toy on the ground, breaking (break) it into pieces.7There is not enough time, so we can touch on it only briefly (brief) here.8It is reported that a new shopping mall is_being_built (build) in the city at present.9Id like to speak to Mr.Davis about a personal (person) matter, but he is so busy now.10The fire caused by the explosion (explode) has burned for five hours.11The railway had_been_built (build) by the end of last year.12All the old houses along the street have_been_pulled (pull) down.选词填空1The Great Wall is_known_for its long history and its magnificence.2As soon as their party came_to_power,_they changed the law.3China was at_war_with Japan for eight years.4She earned_her_living by singing in a nightclub last year.5The fire spread quickly but luckily all the people managed to escape_from the burning house.6He was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as he graduated_from the university.本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1(2016北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will_be_rewarded (reward) with success in the end.2(2015福建高考改编)To my delight, I was_chosen(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.3There are lots of problems in your hometown, but were happy to see many of them are_being_solved (solve)4Kobe is wellknown as a basketball player in NBA.5He didnt come today, making (make) it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.6Please keep us informed (inform) of the latest development.7Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?8His new novel had_been_translated (translate) into English by the end of last month.9Quantities of books are (be) needed in our school.10Large families are more common in traditional agricultural (agriculture) societies than in cities.完成句子1He said that the peoples living standard would be greatly improved (将会有很大的提高)2You will be successful by_working_hard (通过努力学习)3You should keep_these_rules_in_mind (记住这些规则)4My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know how_to_use_it (如何用它)5Before I got to the theatre, tickets_had_been_sold_out_already (门票已经被卖完了)6He insisted on being_sent_to_work (被送去工作) where conditions were poor.7The only thing for you to do is (to)_work_harder_than_before (比以前更加努力地学习)8What he said is hard_to_believe (很难让人相信)9What_to_do_with_these_books (如何处理这些书) hasnt been decided.10The most delicious cake in the world is_being_made (正在被做) by Mom. Please wait an hour to enjoy it.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解When Boris left school, he could not find a job. He tried hard and pestered (纠缠) his relatives, but they had problems of their own. He answered advertisements until he could not afford to buy any more stamps. Boris grew annoyed, then depressed, then a little hardened. Still he went on trying and still he failed. He began to think that he had no future at all.“Why dont you start your own business？” one of his uncles told him. “The world is a moneylocker. Youd better find a way of o