高中英语 module 3 foreign food section ⅲ grammar-复习定语和定语从句教学案 外研版选修8

Module 3 Foreign Food Section Grammar-复习定语和定语从句语法图解探究发现I thought this vast wave of food was the totalnumber of dishes to be served.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down, continuing to chat.I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.Do you know the girl singing over there?He is always the first personto leave the office.One evening he was entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept.But one thing I do admire is the polite mannerin which British people eat, even if it is just a potato.As we all know, Putin was elected President of Russia a third time.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.我的发现(1)句中，黑体部分在句中均作定语，且句中作前置定语，作后置定语。(2)由句可知，形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面。(3)句中，黑体部分均为定语从句。(4)句中，黑体部分为非限制性定语从句。一、定语1概念修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等都可用来作定语。A bright future shines before my eyes.光明的未来展现在我的面前。(形容词作定语)His rapid progress in English made us surprised.他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。(代词作定语)Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.我们的班长总是第一个进教室。(动词不定式作定语)He walks with the help of a walking stick.他在手杖的帮助下行走。(动名词作定语)There is nothing that worries him.没有什么事使他烦恼。(从句作定语)2位置定语的位置有两种：一种是前置定语，位于中心词之前，此时定语多为单个的词或复合词；另一种是后置定语，位于中心词之后，此时定语多为词组或从句。China is a developingcountry; America is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。(单个词作前置定语)Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？(分词短语作后置定语)名师点津something, anything, nothing等复合不定代词的修饰词，即使是单个词，也要后置。There is something wrong with my watch.我的手表出毛病了。3多个词作定语时的顺序当多个词修饰同一个名词时，这些词的顺序为：限定词性质(描绘/观点)大小、长短、高低(矮)形状年龄、新旧颜色国籍、地区、出处物质、材料用途、类别名词。a charming small round old brown Chinese wooden table一个迷人的、小而圆的、老式的、棕色中式木质桌子4名词作定语名词作定语时，往往是说明中心名词的材料、功能、目的、时间、地点、种类等。a stone bridge石桥a motor car 摩托车peace conference 和平大会winter vacation 寒假sea fight 海战science fiction 科幻小说即时演练1画出下列句子中的定语The bicycle shop is just around the corner and you wont miss it.It is reported that the floods have left about two_thousand people homeless.The flowers smelling_sweet_in_the_park attract the passersby to the beauty of nature.For breakfast he only drinks juice from_fresh_fruit_grown_on_his_own_farm.We are invited to a party to_be_held in our club next Friday.The old town has narrow streets and small houses that_are_built_close_to_each_other.Look at the broken glasses.They are playing an important_football match against Liverpool on Sunday.Your hair needs cutting.The two rooms upstairs are my_sisters bedroom.二、定语从句(一)定语从句中关系词的选择准确地判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分是确定关系词的关键所在，再结合先行词自身的属性便可做到万无一失。关系词1关系代词引导的定语从句(1)who, whom, that所代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：The man who(m) you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。(先行词指人，关系词在从句中作宾语)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语)他就是想见你的那个人吗？He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语)他就是我昨天看到的那个人。(2)whose用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.他们急赶过去帮助那个车坏了的人。Please pass me the book whose (of which the) cover is green.请把那本绿色封面的书递给我。(3)which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。A prosperity which/that has never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which/that在从句中作主语)乡村出现了前所未有的繁荣。The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which/that在从句中作宾语)你拿着的这个包裹快要散开了。(4)as引导的定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。They talked in such simple Englishas children could understand. (as在从句中作宾语)他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。As is known to all, fish cant live without water.(as在从句中作主语)众所周知，鱼离不开水。2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词 which”结构，因此常常和“介词which”结构交换使用。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.一个人肯定有屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我出生的地方。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助的原因吗？3定语从句的分类(1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。This is the house which we bought last month.(限制性)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(非限制性)(2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith,who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.(3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.名师点津关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。即时演练2用适当的关系词填空Is he the man who/that will help you? He is the man whom/that I shook hands with yesterday. They rushed over to help the man whose leg had been hurt badly.Ill never forget the days when we studied in Beijing.Is this the reason why he was late for the meeting?The room whose window faces south is mine.(二)难点突破1“介词关系词”引导的定语从句(1)关系代词作介词的宾语，当介词置于定语从句句首时，关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人)。The pencilwith whichhe was writing suddenly broke.他正在用来写字的铅笔突然断了。Look at the photo. This is Mr Green, in front of whomsit three students.看这张照片。这是格林先生，在他的前面坐着三个学生。Do you remember the day when/on which you joined our club? 你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？名师点津“介词关系词”引导定语从句时介词的选择介词的选择要根据定语从句中的谓语、先行词以及它们之间的搭配来确定。有些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，故不能提到关系词前。关系副词when根据先行词的不同可转化为：介词in/during/on/at 等which；关系副词 where 可转化为：介词 in/on/at 等 which; 关系副词why可转化为：介词forwhich。(2)“不定代词或数词ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句可转化为“ofwhich/whom不定代词或数词”引导的定语从句。其中不定代词为：some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, most, part等。There are 40 students in our class,most of whom ( of whom most) like English.我们班有40名学生，他们中的大多数喜欢英语。(3)“whose名词”引导定语从句时，可转化为“the名词ofwhich/whom”或“ofwhich/whomthe名词”。介词of表示所有关系。I live in a room whose windows are all broken.I live in a room the windows of which (of which the windows) are all broken.我住在一个窗户都坏了的房间里。(4)表示“方式”的名词way后的定语从句中如果关系词在从句中作方式状语，关系词用 that 或 in which，也可省略关系词。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks to me.我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。(5)“某些介词关系副词”可引导定语从句。He graduated from Beijing University in 1988, since when he has improved himself in all aspects.他1988年毕业于北京大学。从那时起他在各方面都提高了。即时演练3介词填空Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.The witness to whom the policemen referred was murdered last night.I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.I forgot the exact place in which I had hidden the box.Is this the reason for which he didnt want to help us?I dont know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday.2定语从句中需要注意的问题(1)as, which引导非限制性定语从句时，as通常指代整个主句的内容，which既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代具体的词或词组；as引导的从句位置灵活，可位于句中、句末及句首，而which引导的从句通常位于先行词之后。As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。He finished the work ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了工作，这对我们很重要。(2)the same . that表示“同一个，就是那一个”；而the same . as 表示“与一样(但不是同一个)”。 This is the same book that I lost yesterday.这就是我昨天丢的那本书。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这与我昨天丢的那本书一样。(3)在一些类似地点的抽象名词后面，也可用关系副词where来引导定语从句。I can think of many cases where cultural differences really exist.我可以想出许多文化差异确实存在的事例。(4)定语从句的关系代词只用that而不用which的情况：当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时。We should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。当先行词是序数词或被序数词/last修饰时。When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to our mindis the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。This is the fifth film that has been shown in our village.这是在我们村庄放映的第五部电影。当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.这是当今世界上最小的计算机。当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the teachers and schoolsthat they had visited.他们谈论他们访问过的那些老师和学校。当先行词被the very, the only, the same等修饰时。The only thing that I need now is a cup of coffee.我现在唯一需要的是一杯咖啡。This is the very storybookthat I want to read.这正是我想看的那本故事书。即时演练4(1)用适当的关系词填空The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.You can use a larger plastic bottle, whose top is cut off, with its bottom as a pot to grow flowers in.The girl in plain clothes, who was wonderfully calm in face of danger, was just sixteen years old.As many of you are old enough to remember, the Beatles came from Liverpool.Its impossible to do all that work in such a short time!Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?(2)完成句子That is the_same_bike_as I lost.那辆自行车和我丢失的一模一样。He is such_a_good_teacher as we all love and respect.他是那样一位我们大家都热爱和尊敬的好老师。The first thing that_catches_my_eye is the mural.最先引起我注意的是壁画。.单句语法填空1A young man who/that writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.2A young man writing (write) novels came to speak to us yesterday.3I like to see the films directed (direct) by Zhang Yimou.4The first thing that you have to do is to discuss it with your classmates.5The dictionary which/that my mother bought for me is very useful.6I know the man with whom you talked at the meeting.7I dont know the reason for which he is late for school.8The film in which she stars has not released yet.9He is always the first person to_come (come) to school.10This is such an easy novel as you can read.完成句子1(2016天津高考书面表达)Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which_leaves_me_a_deep_impression.你的艺术技能非常出色，特别令人钦佩，给我留下了深刻的印象。2(2016全国卷书面表达)Any student who_is_interested_in_this_activity is welcome to take part.任何对这次活动感兴趣的学生都欢迎参加。3(2015天津高考书面表达)If there is something else that_we_can_do_for_you,_we are more than glad to give a helping hand.如果我们能为你做些别的事，我们会很乐意伸出援助之手。4(2015广东高考写作)A new study appeared in the foreign medical field where_researchers_completed_a_project called DNA Test.在国外医学领域，出现了一项新的研究，研究人员完成了一个名为DNA测试的项目。5(2014安徽高考满分作文)I think the reason why_you_are_always_angry may be the high pressure of study. 我认为你总是生气的原因可能是学习的压力。6(2