《同声传译简介》PPT课件.ppt

n邹德艳 n巴斯Bath; Leeds; New Castle; Warwick; Manchester nMonteray nFreelancer/in-house What is interpreting? nThe English word “interpreter” is derived from the Latin term interpres, which means someone “explaining the meaning”, “making sense of what others have difficulty understanding”. nInterpreting is performed “here and now” for the benefit of people who want to engage in communication across barriers of language and culture. Types of interpreting Conference interpreting (会议口译) Mode 1: Consecutive interpreting (交替传译/连续传译CI) nThe interpreter listens to the totality of a speakers comments, or at least a significant passage and then reconstitutes the speech with the help of notes taken while listening; the interpreter is thus speaking consecutively to the original speaker. nMode 2: Simultaneous interpreting (同声传译 SI) nThe interpreter listens to the beginning of the speakers comments then begins interpreting while the speech continues, carrying on throughout the speech, to finish almost the same time as the original; the interpreter is thus speaking simultaneously to the original. nLagging behind Other types nLiaison interpreting (联络口译) Public service interpreting (公共服务口译） Dialogue interpreting（对话口译） “An individual who speaks two languages mediates in a conversation between two or more individuals who do not speak each others tongue.” nWhispering interpreting（耳语口译） nSight interpreting（视译） Concept clarification nActive language: The language or languages into which the interpreter is capable of providing professional interpretation. nPassive language: For interpreters, passive languages are the languages out of which the interpreter is capable of interpreting professionally. nSource language: SL is the language that is to be translated into another language. nTarget language/receptor language/goal language: TL is the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated. Effort models (Daniel Gile) nEffort model for CI: nPhase I: listening + notes + short-term memory + coordination of these tasks nPhase II: note-reading + remembering + production nEffort model for SI: nL (Listening and analysis) + M (Short-term memory effort) + P (Speech production) + C (Coordination) The basic skills of SI n n 分散使用注意力技能（分散使用注意力技能（cultivating split attentioncultivating split attention） n n 影子练习（影子练习（shadowing exercisesshadowing exercises） n n 数字翻译技能（数字翻译技能（figures/numbersfigures/numbers） n n 视译技巧（视译技巧（sight interpretingsight interpreting） n n 简约化（简约化（simplificationsimplification） n n 概括化（概括化（generalizationgeneralization） n n 略译（略译（omissionomission） n n 综述（综述（summarizingsummarizing） n n 解释（解释（explanationexplanation） n n 语音、语调、重音及节奏（语音、语调、重音及节奏（pronunciationpronunciation，intonationintonation，stress stress and pausesand pauses） n n 接力口译技巧（接力口译技巧（relayrelay