2011高考英语二轮复习课件 专题9　数词和主谓一致.ppt.ppt

专题九 数词和主谓一致 一、数词 1基数词的结构特点： (1)在表达上十位和个位之间要加连字符“”。 (2)在百位和十位之间要用 and 连接。 (3)千位以上的数从后向前数，每三位加一个逗号。 (4)hundred，thousand，million 等前面有具体数字或 some，several 等修饰时，后面不加“s” ；但当其后跟 of 短语时，要用复数形式。 2序数词的结构特点： (1)序数词第119除了 first，second 和 third 外，其余的 大部分都是由基数词后加“ th”构成。 (2)十位数序数词如果含有19的个位数时，十位数用基数词 ，个位数用序数词，并且中间用连字符连接。 (3)百、千、万等的序数词由 hundred，thousand，million 等后加 th 构成。 (4)序数词前一般要加 the 表示顺序。 3分数、小数、百分数的读法和写法 (1)分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于 一时，分母用复数；但要注意整数和分数之间必须用 and 连接。25,6 表示为 two and five sixths。 (2)在读小数时，小数点后面的数字要单独读出。小数点读成 point。 (3)百分数用“基数词percent”表示，要注意 percent 不能 用复数形式。 特别提醒：1/2一般用 a/one half 表示。 1/4一般用 a/one quarter 表示。 4表达倍数关系的句式 (1)主语A谓语倍数程度as形容词或副词原级as 比较对象B。 (2)主语A谓语倍数程度the度量名词of比较对象 B。 (3)主语A谓语倍数程度what从句。 (4)主语A谓语倍数程度形容词或副词的比较级than 比较对象B。 (5)主语A谓语形容词或副词的比较级than比较对象 Bby倍数。 特别提醒：表达倍数时，一倍用 once，两倍用 twice/double，三倍或三倍以上才用“基数词times”表 示。 二、主谓一致 (一)主谓一致三原则 1语法一致的原则。即主语是单数，谓语为单数；主语若为复数，谓语 亦为复数。例如： He does well in maths. 2意义一致的原则。根据主语的意义，而不是形式，决定谓语的数。例 如： The teacher and writer is going to give us a lecture on writing. 那位老师兼作者准备给我们讲讲如何写作。 3就近一致的原则。即谓语与靠近的那个主语一致。例如： Either he or I am right. 特别提醒：三个原则虽然不同，但在具体运用中，它们往 往是协调的，并不矛盾。例如： More than ten students have passed the driving test.(形 式和意义都是复数) 当语法一致的原则与意义一致的原则发生冲突时，一般坚 持语法一致的原则。例如： More than one student has passed the driving test.(形 式是单数，意义是复数) (二)主谓一致细说 1谓语用单数时的情况 (1)不可数名词做主语时。例如： There is a lot of water in the jar. 特别提醒：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动 词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如： One million tons of oil were produced last year. (2)不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时。例如： That she will come here tomorrow is certain. 特别提醒：what 从句做主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取 决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较： What they want is nothing but a rest. What he wants are two books. 当 what 从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用 单数。例如： What he said has left us much to think about. (3)主语是形单意单的词 主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有 as well as，with， together with，besides，except，but，including， rather than 等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。例如： The teacher as well as his students is playing football. In some parts of the world，tea is served with milk or sugar. 主语是 each 或单数主语被 each，every 修饰时。例如： Each of the boys has a pencil box. Here every student is good at drawing. 特别提醒：单数的并列主语被 every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语也用单数。例如： Every desk and chair is new. Each teacher and each student has been told to attend the meeting after school. 特别提醒：each 做主语的同位语时谓语由前面的主语决定 。例如： They each have finished their exercises. 主语是 either，neither，the other 或主语被 either， neither 修饰时。例如： Either of the answers is correct. Neither answer proves to be correct. every/some/any/nobody/one/thing 构成的复合不定 代词做主语时。例如： Nobody is absent. 主语是a kind/sort/type of单数或复数名词时，因为kind/sort/type 是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以，谓语应与其一致。例： This kind of wheat isnt grown in our country. (4)主语是形复意单的词 以 s 结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。例如 ： The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1945. 以 s 结尾的学科名词做主语时。例如： Physics is taught in all middle schools. “One and a half复数名词”做主语时。例如： One and a half days is all I can spare. 2谓语用复数时的情况 (1)主语是形单意复的词 people，police 等集合名词做主语时。例如： The police have caught the thieves. “the/these/those形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人 ，这一结构做主语时。例如： Those wounded were taken good care of. “the形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视做单数。例如 ： The beautiful gives pleasure to people. “the表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民 ，这一结构做主语时。例如： The Chinese are a brave and hardworking people. (2)主语是形复意复的词 某些具有抽象意义的复数名词做主语时。例如： Things are getting worse and worse. The surroundings are usually quiet here. “one or two复数名词”做主语时。例如： There are one or two tickets left. glasses，compasses，trousers 等由两部分连成一体 的名词做主语时。例如： My trousers are worn out. 若前面有 pair 等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。例 如： There is a pair of compasses on the desk. There are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired. 3谓语用单数或复数均有可能 (1)表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看做整体时 ，谓语用单数。例如： Ten dollars is what he needs. Twenty kilometres isnt a short distance. 若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。例如： Five years have passed since I joined the League. (2)and 连接并列的名词做主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如： Reading and writing are both very important. Hard work and plain living (艰苦和朴素) are the fine qualities of a person. 若该结构表示一个单一的概念或指同一人、物时，谓语用单数，但这时 两个名词前加一个冠词。例如： The maths teacher and class teacher(班主任数学老师) is very strict with us. Bread and butter(涂有黄油的面包)is their daily food. Hard work and plain living(艰苦朴素)is a weapon with which we have won one victory after another. (3)family，class，group，team，crowd，crew，enemy ，committee，population 等集合名词做主语时，若强 调整个集体，谓语用单数。例如： The population of China is large.中国人口众多。 若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。例如： Nearly 80% of the population of China are farmers. 中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。 (4)what，which，who，some，any，more，most，all 等词做主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。例如： All is silent.万籁俱寂。(all 指代整个情况、事件时是单数) All are silent.所有的人都不做声。(all 指代人或物时，是复 数) (5)none 做主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均 可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。 (6)“half of，part of，most of，eighty percent of，one third of，the rest of名词/代词”做主语时，谓语根据后 面的名词或代词而定。例如： Most of the people agree with us. Most of the money is spent on clothes. (7)单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义 而定。例如： All means have been tried. Every means has been tried. (8)在四则运算中，加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均 可，减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。例如： Three plus three makes/make six. Thirtyfive divided by five is seven. (四)谓语与相邻的那个主语一致 (1)either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also， not.but，or 等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的 那一个主语一致。例如： Either you or I am wrong. Are neither you nor he for the plan? (2)在 here is，there is 或其他状语提前的倒装句中，谓语 动词的形式也适用邻近原则。例如： Here is a pen and two pieces of paper for you. 5主谓一致的其他情况 (1)在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须 与被强调词一致。例如： It is I who am to answer for her safety. (2)定语从句中的谓语动词在意义上应与先行词一致。例如： Do you know the girls who are soldiers? 当先行词为“one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动 词用复数。例如： She is one of the girls who have passed the exam. 当先行词为“the(only)one of名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词 用单数。例如： She is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam. (3)“many a/more than one单数可数名词”做主语时谓语用单数。例 如： Many a student has joined the League recently. (4)“the number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用单数。 “a number of名词复数”做主语时谓语用复数。例如： The number of the students in our school is larger than that in their school. A number of people are against the proposal. 名校模拟演练 1(2010甘肃天水一中)The exercises are extremely difficult, but half of the class _ them ahead of time. Ahas already finished Bwill finish Chave already finished Dfinishes 解析：考查时态及主谓一致。语意表明谓语动词用现在完成 时；class, family, army, government, group, team, staff, committee, nation, company等集合名词作主语强 调整体时，谓语用单数，如果强调个体，则用复数。句中 强调个体，所以用复数。 答案：C 2(2010北京海淀)Three quarters of the forest _ burnt to ashes, and the rest _ cut down for construction. Awas; has been Bwas; have been Chave been; is Dare; has been 解析：Three quarters ofn. 谓语动词取决于名词 the forest, 谓语用单数；第二空 the rest 也指代 forest, 谓语 也用单数。 答案：A 3(2010杭州一中月考)Jane is one of the best students in her class who _ by their teacher. Aare praised Bis praised Cpraised Dpraise 解析：one of复数名词做先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词 用复数形式，且表被动，故选A。 答案：A 4(2010合肥联考)The population of this area _ 100 000. Seventy percent of the population _ natives and the rest _ from China. Ais; is; is Bare; are; is Cis; are; are Dare; is; are 解析：第一空 population 指“人口数量”，谓语动词用单数 ；第二空 population 指“人”，谓语动词用复数；第三空 the rest 指“其他的人”，谓语动词用复数。 答案：C 5(2010重庆联考)Soon after feeling the slight shaking, every man, woman and child _ about the earthquake that night. Awere talking Bwas talking Chad talked Dtalking 解析：every单数名词，谓语动词用单数。 答案：B 6(2010皖中联考)All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home. Aencourages Bencourage Cis encourage