在职硕士GCT考试上海交通大学英语讲义7—阅读.ppt

阅读理解（3） Guessing the UNKNOWN words: 1. They argue to say that only long- term (deregulation) of gas prices will encourage industry to drill wells. 2. Suddenly a man in the mask (inrushed) with a gun pointing at the policeman. 否定前缀 3. Body chemical imbalances or physiological (malformations) are examples of biological factors that may cause undesirable behavior. 4. The driver (misinterpreted) the policemans signal and turned in the wrong direction. 前缀 5. It was not until 1897 that the British scientist Joseph Thomson published a paper announcing his discovery of a (subatomic)particle, the electron. 前缀 6. Owen argues that we do not yet know the general causes of evolutionary (transformation) but can nevertheless identify the proper sequence of long-tailed pterosaur （长尾翼龙）to Archaeopteryx。（始祖鸟） 词性转变 7. The application of electricity have grown to the point where most of us lead (“electrified lives”) surrounded by a variety of devices that use electric energy. 词性转变 8. Science instruction should (familiarize) students with career possibilities in technical fields and in science teaching. Exercises 1. Mickey Mouse, who has probably enjoyed more widespread popularity than any other single cartoon character in the world, (typifies) the universal appeals of cartoons. A) approves B) realizes C) represents D) satisfies 否定前缀 2. In a sample, some atoms will (disintegrate) sooner than 5800 years, others later, but when 5800 years passed, only half the original number will remain in the sample. A) separate B) disappear C) scatter D) break up 否定前缀 3. Middle English, spoken from 1066 to 1450, introduced numerous (inconsistency), largely because there were many dialects with many spelling variations. A) contrast B) conversion C) disagreement D) improvement 词性转变 4. It is important as a producer to develop an ability to (visualize) in detail what will happen A) see B) offer C) imagine D) invent 前缀 5. The intensity of this state of mind forces a person onward to whatever extent he is willing to go in order to achieve his conscious, or (subconscious), goal in life. A) faint B) clear C) hidden D) false Using Context Clues 1. Most dentists offices are (drab) places, but Emilios new office is a bright, cheerful place. 2. In general your test was good, you only made a few (trivial) mistakes. 词性转变 3. Since the Shinkansen （新干线） went into service in 1964, the trains have carried more than 2 billion travelers without an injury or a （fatality）. Exercise Automobile designers are working on ways to build automobiles that get good gas mileage. One way to do this is to make cars more streamlined by reducing (drag), or wind resistance. Scientists define drag as a force that (retards) , or slows, an object that is moving through the air. All moving objects are subject to drag. 1. “Drag” CANNOT be defined as_. A) the force that acts against the movement of a vehicle B) the force that acts against the wind resistance C) wind resistance D) the force that objects are subject to while moving through the air “retard” means_ A) make move slower B) get good mileage C) reduce wind resistance D) improve on fuel efficiency 2. The programs that people watch are not only local and national ones. Since the launching of the first communication satellite, more and more programs are (televised live) from all over the world. Tv viewers in Tokyo are able to watch the Olympic Games in Athens by means of a communications satellite. To be continued The Olympic Games in Seoul were also (telecast live). And live telecasts come from outer space: in 1969, the first astronauts to land on the moon televised their historic “moon walk” to viewers on the earth. “Televised live” or “telecast live” means _. A) send pictures to a communication satellites B) broadcast an event by television as it happens C) broadcast local and national programs by television D) broadcast foreign programs by television Determining the Main Idea If the wind becomes gusty, after a period of calm, you should seek shelter. The sky needs careful watching, too. Gradual darkening and “boiling” cloud should quicken your pace. Lightning and thunder are common enough storm indicators, but few people realize that the brightness of the lightning is not nearly as important as the number of lightning flashes. The signs of an oncoming storm are many, and a persons life may depend on his ability to interpret them. 1.Which is the topic sentence of the above paragraph A) If the wind becomes gusty after a period of calm, you should seek shelter. B) The sky needs careful watching. C) Lightning and thunder are common storm indicators. D) The signs of an oncoming storm are many, and a persons life may depend on his ability to interpret them. 2. The paragraph could be entitled_. A) The Gusty Wind B) The Destructive Storm C) Storm Indicators D) The Effects of a Storm Few can deny the strange coincidences in the deaths of John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln. For example, Kennedy was elected in 1960 while Lincoln assumed the Presidency in 1860. Both men were murdered from behind, on a Friday, and in the presence of their wives. The two men were born exactly one hundred years apart, as were their murderers, Lee Harvey Oswald and John Wilkes Booth. Perhaps the strangest thing is that Kennedys secretary, whose name was Lincoln, advised him not to go to Dallas where he was shot. Lincolns secretary, whose name was Kennedy, advised hi not to go to the Ford Theater where he met his death. Which statement expresses the central thoughts? A) Fame is sth. which must be won; honor only sth. which must not be lost. B) The course of life is like the sea: men come and go; tides rise and fall. C) Time brings not death, it brings but changes. D) It is no great wonder if, in the long process of time numerous coincidences should occur. Identifying Details If you are interested in buying a pair of contact lenses, be prepared to pay $200 or more. Generally there are three main reasons why people want contact lenses. You may need them because the cornea（角膜） of your eye is misshaped and ordinary glasses are not satisfactory. Perhaps you are a football player, a swimmer, a pilot, an actor, or perhaps youre engaged in an industry where flying particles may endanger your eyes, so you want them. Or you feel that glasses are handicapping （不利于 ）your appearance and youd rather have invisible glasses. In this way you hope to improve their looks. All the reasons are stated for wearing contact lenses EXCEPT _. A) correcting the shape of the cornea B) meeting the needs of a sport, or vocation（职业） C) saving money D) improving the appearance Drawing Inference Mrs. Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else, she required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. One day, a young doctor observed cataracts in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was able to help other patients. It can be reasonably inferred that _. A) a persons state of health affects his outlook on life. B) doctors in nursing homes are unqualified. C) an elderly person should be cared for by his family. D) governments should pay more attention to nursing homes. Evidence suggest that the young doctor was_. A) unusual B) careful C) independent D) careless Three pintail duck from North America turned up in widely separated parts of the world. One duck was taken near Cali. Colombia. South America; one in Japan; and the third along the Dart River in England. The South American hunter was told that his duck had come from North Dakota. The Japanese scientists learned that their bird had been on a National Wildlife Refuge in New Mexico. The English sportsman found that his pintail, just 21days before, had been seen in Labrador, some 2,200 miles across the Atlantic. How did these people know their ducks had come from North America? It really isnt such a mystery as it might seen. On the leg of each duck the hunter had found an aluminum band. The band carried a number and a request that the finder of the band report to the Bird Banding Lab. Washington. D.C. Each hunter did exactly that. It may be inferred that the North American pintail duck is : A) a world traveler B) limited in North America C) protected by law D) a threatened kind of bird We may conclude that the Bird Banding Lab _. A) is intended to help hunters B) Records the movements of wild birds C) Rewards hunters who return leg band D) is founded by American and foreign scientists The Bird Banding Lab probably asks the finder to report_. A) whether he has hurt or killed the bird B) how the bird behaves C) how fast the bird is flying D) where he has found the bird. Wild bird banding contributes to _. A) the preservation of wild birds B) relieving international tensions C) the treatment of sick birds D) safer hunting Newspaper Index Shopping Guide pages 24 Womens Page page 6 Editorial Section page 7 Classified Advertisements pages 914 Business News pages 1617 1. On which page would you look for recipes? A) p.7 B) pp.1617 C) pp.24 D) p.6 2. On which page you look for a discussion on politics? A) p.7 B) pp.24 C) p.6 D) pp.914 重温：如何在阅读时定位关键词/信息 Recently, some environmentalists have begun to take boats out into the ocean in order to try to prevent whalers from harpooning their prey. They use small boats so that they can get in between the victim and the whaling vessels. The tactic is not always successful, and often it is dangerous because the whalers often shoot anyway and come close to hitting those environmentalists. However, the reason they use this method is that it not only annoys the whalers, it makes an important statement to the world about the need to preserve endangered species at sea as well as on the land. Why?-in order to How?-use Why?-because For what reason?-the reason 1. Why do the environmentalists take the boats into the ocean? _ PURPOSE 2. How do they try to prevent the whalers from killing whales? _ MEANS 3. Why is it often dangerous? _ REASON 4. For what reason do they use this tactic? _ REASON 提示： 有的关键词显而易见、唾手可得。有的则隐伏 其中、若明若暗。 但是，问题与关键词之间有着必然的联系，有 其特定的规律。见下例： The salesman put the key in the ignition, but the engine would not start. He had to be in the air in half an hour in order to arrive in time for the meeting. His bonus would be lower if he lost this account. 第一题：文中并未直接涉及问题内容 第二题：仔细考虑相关信息再判断 1.According to the passage, the man is A) in his office B) in the factory C) in the car D) in the warehouse 2. What was the man going to do in half an hour? A) to meet his customer B) to catch the bus C) to attend a meeting D) to catch a plane Tips: 在推理上篇主题时，应密切注意有关信息词语 ， 如on the other hand, next, also, another 等。 这类词语大都用于文张的衔接与转折，使段落 进展自如，首尾相随。起到承上启下的作用。 不但能知其一，还能知其二。 推理下篇的主题： 下篇的主题通常与本篇的结尾句有关。见下例 ： 分析一下最后一句 Now New world Monkeys have prehensile tails which Old world Monkeys have never developed. This allow them to use their tails as well as their hands in locomotion. With their hands freed somewhat, they can also hold onto branches and balance themselves with their feet and tail while searching for food in the trees. A similar trait can be found in certain tree-climbing mammals of a lower order. What does the following paragraph probably discuss? A) tree-climbing mammals with prehensile tails B) Old World Monkeys C) Lower order traits of monkeys D) New World Monkeys 最后一句为转折句，自然地转 入下一段主题。 句中 “A similar trait” 和 “tree - climbing mammals” 提供了重要的线索 推理作者的态度： 作者的态度往往会在文章的措词、文体和结构 中得以反映。大都采取比较客观 ( objective ) 和 ( factual ) 实事求是的态度，其写作意图是提供 ( informative ) 信息。但有时难免在文中搀杂些 个人感情色彩，或批评 (critical )，或讽刺 ( ironic ) ，或感叹 ( impressed )。故读者往往可 以透过字里行间察其端倪，并以此作为前提进 行推理。 见下例： Worldwide fame burst upon Albert Einstein on Nov.7, 1919, when British astronomers announced they had found the first confirmation of Einsteins general relativity theory. Einstein had already become known in scientific circles because of his two astonishing theories: the special theory of relativity, published in 1905 when he was only 26 and a minor clerk in the Swiss patent office, and the general theory of relativity, advanced between 1913 and 1915. He was considered so brilliant by other scientists that in 1914 he was invited to join the prestigious Royal Prussian Academy of Science and became head of the research branch. He accepted the offer and moved to Berlin. How does the author seem to feel about Albert Einstein? A) uninterested B) critical C) impressed D) objective 作者措词 Worldwide fame, astonishing theories , so brilliant, join he prestigious Academy of Science 从以上措词，不难看出作者对爱因斯坦的良好 印象和崇敬心理。故答案为C 阅读中词汇题（辨词技巧）复习回顾： 1。代入法： Many doctors do not have (legible) signatures. A) personal B) feminine C) funny D) readable 排除法：排除的词越多，命中率越高 The lecturer is trying to ( explain ) his theory of modernism. A) export B) include C) elucidate D) legalize 逐一排除后，如剩下的词即便不认识，也一定 是正确答案。 试一试： The speaker was clearly unprepared because his remarks were ( improvised ) A) relevant B) informative C) valuable D) extemporaneous 学员可从句中Unprepared 一词推测 improvised一词必定与此有着密切的因果 关系 ( because )。既然发言者“毫无准备” ，他的发言就不可能 relevant, informative或 valuable。因此，上述三 词均可排除。剩下的一词 extemporaneous （无准备的）便无疑地 成了正确答案。 根据上下文判断，也可运用常识或背景知识 An unfortunate offender, for his most ( venial ) offence, was commanded to appear before all other students and was subjected to a stream of criticism. A) serious B) inexcusable C) negligible D) terrible 从Unfortunate 一词可知，这位冒犯者 十分倒霉。对他的处罚显然不公。我们 可从字里行间发现作者的同情心理，读 者可从而判断他的错误一定是微不足道 的。根据这一前提，可猜 venial一词的大 概意思了。 故答案为C Model test 2 Solid: 固体的 Ice is the solid form of water. 实心的 solid ball 坚固的 on solid/firm ground (形容人)结实茁壮的 a solid man stiff: (手足等)僵硬的: My hands are stiff with cold. 生硬,死板的: He is stiff in manner. cf Firm 稳固的 as firm as rock (形容人)_ 坚定的 be firm in ones purpose. 坚决,坚强的 a firm voice Rigid 僵硬,僵直的 严格,严密的: rigid discipline Except when / except that / excepting He usually goes to work on his bike except when it rains. 或者: ( except on rainy days) It will do except that it is too long. (引出名词从 句, 相当于 excepting) 这行, 只是太长了些.