英语学业复习M4Uni(1).ppt

Module 4 Unit 2 Key phrases be delighted to do sth recognize as save time for know of in honour of come to public attention realize ones dream 很高兴兴做某事 认为认为 /承认认/认认出是 省下时间时间 做 了解 纪纪念,向表示敬意 引起公众关注 实现实现 梦想 set an example to add to come up with maintain a balance tourist attractions make way for meet/satisfy ones requirements 为为树树立榜样样 增加 想出(计计划、主意) 保持平衡 旅游景点 给给让让路，让让位于 满满足需求 take part in break the record every four years compete for side by side at the opening ceremony of all times 参加 打破纪录纪录 每四年，每隔三年 为获为获 得而比赛赛 共同，肩并肩 在开幕式上 有史以来 play a role/part in compete in be involved in plenty of hope for keepunder control be similar to 在起作用 参赛赛 涉及,卷入 许许多，大量 希望，期待 使处处于控制之下 与相似 be delighted to do sth recognize as save time for know of in honour of come to public attention realize ones dream 很高兴兴做某事 认为认为 /承认认/认认出是 省下时间时间 做 了解 纪纪念,向表示敬意 引起公众关注 实现实现 梦想 set an example to tourist attractions come up with make way for maintain a balance add to meet/satisfy ones requirements 为为树树立榜样样 旅游景点 想出(计计划、主意) 给给让让路，让让位于 保持平衡 增加 满满足需求 break the record take part in every four years compete for of all times side by side at the opening ceremony 打破纪录纪录 参加 每四年，每隔三年 为获为获 得而比赛赛 有史以来 共同，肩并肩 在开幕式上 compete in play a role/part in plenty of be involved in be similar to hope for keepunder control 参赛赛 在起作用 许许多，大量 涉及,卷入 与相似 希望，期待使 处处于控制之下 Key words 1.honour n. U 荣誉, 名誉;面子; 敬意 C 光荣的事或人 1. vt. 尊敬，给予荣誉 基本构词 honoured adj. 感到荣幸的 honourable adj. 光荣的，可敬的，高尚的 短语搭配 show honour to sb 尊敬某人，向表示敬意 in honour of 向表示敬意 be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸 典型例句 I am honoured to be asked to speak here. 受邀请在这儿发言我感到非常荣幸。 He was honoured as a hero. 他被授予英雄称号。 The students should show their honour to their teachers. 学生应该尊敬老师。 It was a great honour to be invited here today. 今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。 2. compete vi. 比赛，竞赛 基本构词 competition n. 比赛，竞赛 competitor n. 竞赛者，比赛者 competitive adj. 比赛的，有竞争力的 短语搭配 compete with / against sb for sth 与竞争想获得 compete in 参加比赛 compete for为而竞争 典型例句 Several companies are competing against/with each other for the project. 几家公司为了争取这项工程而互相竞争。 Five children competed in the race. 五个孩子参加赛跑。 词语辨析 compete vi. 比赛，竞赛 complete a. 完成的 vt. 完成，结束 3. attempt vt. join in B. go on; join C. go on with; attend D. go into; join 5. How is Dennis getting along with his work? Well, he could always _ a new idea for increasing sales. A. come up with B. come about C. get away with D. get up 6. Will you please write the words _ ? I mean you write them on the first line and then the third line and so on. A. every third line B. every second lines C. every other lines D. every other line 7. Every player tried his best to _ the game. A. win B. catch C. take D. beat 8. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the country. A. companies B. branches C. organizations D. businesses 9. Have a good rest, you need to _ your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. A. leave B. save C. hold D. get 10. The environmentalists said wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. A. escape B. absence C. attendance D. appearance B组 完成译文 根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文。（每 空限填一个词） 1.将有十名选手在这次百米赛跑中争夺金牌。 Ten runners will _ _ the gold medal in the 100-metre race. 2.奥运会每四年举行一次。 The Olympic Games are held _ _ _. 3.为纪念为国家作出巨大贡献的人建了一个博物馆。 A museum has been built _ _ _ those who made great contributions to the country. compete for every four years in honour/memory of 4. 游客们高兴地看到公园焕然一新。 The visitors _ _ to see the park take on a new look. 5. 林肯被认为美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。 Lincoln _ _ _ one of the greatest presidents in American history. 6. 她的表演开始受到公众关注。 Her performance has come to _ _. 7. 他在篮球队中发挥重要作用。 He_ an important _ in the basketball team. 8. 中国对维护世界永久和平做出了巨大贡献。 China has made great _ _ the ever-lasting peace of the world. are delighted was recognized as public attention played role/part contributions to 情态动词 1 概念和功能：表示说话人对所说话语的情感态度或 看法，或表示主观设想或其它情态意义。 2 句法特征： 主动式为情态助动词+do(对现在或将来事情的情态) / be doing(对说话时的事情的情态) / have done (对过去 或现在完成的事情的情态)/ have been doing(对过去正 在发生或一直发生到现在的事情的情态);被动为情态助 动词+be done / have been done(情态助动词+be doing / have been doing没有被动形式) 3 意义： 情态动词是英语语法中的难点，可用于表示以下意义 ：能力、责任与义务、推测、允许、请求、建议、 劝告、胆量、邀请、虚拟语气等。 1) 能力 (1)表示潜在能力时, can和 be able to意义接近，基本 可以互换。如：I can / am able to do it on my own. 但 是，由于be able to中be形式多样，所以可用于各种时 态和其它情况下，如： Im sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently. 而can只有could一个过去时态变化形式。 (2)were / was able to的肯定形式也可以表示过去实现 了的具体能力，此时不能用could替代，而相当于 managed to do。 I swam hard and was able to cross the river. 我奋力地游，终于游过了那条河。 Although the pilot was badly hurt, he was able to explain clearly what had happened. 尽管这个飞行员受了重伤，他还是将事情的经过解释清楚了。 2)表示责任与义务的情态动词按照责任与义务程度由 低到高排列为：should / ought to (应该),have to / need (有必要), must (必须，一定要)。 need作情态动词时只用于否定和疑问句中，但作实 意动词可用于肯定、否定和疑问句(搭配为need to do) 。还有neednt have done表示过去本不必要做却做了 某事，有惋惜含义；而didnt need / have to do一般表 示过去没有必要做也没有做。 Need I finish the job right now? -No, you neednt. You need to find a car mechanic. You neednt have taken a taxi. It would have taken you only fifteen minutes to walk there. 你当时原本没必要打的的。你们当时要是走过去也只 会花15分钟。 We didnt need / have to take a taxi. It took us only fifteen minutes to walk there. 我们当时没必要打的。走过去只花了我们十五分钟。 should have done表示过去本应该做却没做； shouldnt have done表示过去本不应该做却做 了。含有责备的含义。如：He shouldnt have shot the robber. mustnt表示 “禁止”，而neednt表示 “不必要”。 对Must?的否定回答应该是“No,neednt或No, dont have to. ”而不是“mustnt”。 3) 推测 表肯定推测的情态助动词按可能性从小到大排列： might， may， could， should / ought to， will， must； 其中might，may， could表示“可能”，should ，ought to表示“料想/按常理说应该”， will，must表 示“肯定，一定” （must的推测把握最大，它表示没有 其它的可能性了，肯定是某种情况；而will是一种主观 感觉，可译为“准是”）。 否定推测可能性从小到大排列为：might not, may not, should not / ought not to, wont, couldnt / cant。其中might not / may not意思是 “可 能不”，should not / ought not to意思是“料想/按常理不 会 ”，wont意思是“不会”，“ couldnt / cant”表示“不 可能”(couldnt语气委婉些)。 这些表事实推测的情态动词都可以表示对各种时间的 事实推测，是哪种时间取决于情态助动词后面的主动 词形式： A 情态助动词+do:对现在的一般情况或将来进行推测 That man smiled at you. He may know you. 那个男的朝你笑了，他可能认识你。 Usually Lucy arrives very early, so she shouldnt / oughtnt to be late this time. 通常Lucy到得很早，所以她这次不应该会迟到。 B 情态助动词+ be doing： 对说话时的行为进行推测 （但will be doing还可以表示对将来某个时候正发生 的行为，所谓将来进行时） Its already midnight and all lights are off now. The students must be sleeping. 已经半夜了，所有的灯也都熄了。学生们肯定在睡觉 。 Our airplane flies very fast. Perhaps we will be flying over the Pacific when we wake up tomorrow morning. （表示将来某个时候正发生的行为） 我们的飞机飞得 很快。可能我们明天早晨醒来的时候会在飞越太平洋 。 C 情态助动词+ have done：对发生过的动作行为进 行推测 We cant find Tom anywhere. He might / may / could have left town. 我们到处都找不到Tom。他可能已经离开镇子了。 She must have been very busy when we phoned her. 我们给她打电话时她肯定很忙。 注意： A mustnt不能表推测，而是禁止；“不可能”是 couldnt / cant； B can不能用于肯定句中表事实推测， C 但是can可以用在肯定句中，表示理论上或泛泛而 谈的可能性，可翻译为“有时可能/会”， 它不是表示对具体事实的推测。如： The temperature on the mountain top can be as low as minus 15 degrees. 山顶的气温有时会低达零下15度。 对比： Its very cold now. It could /may / might be as low as minus 15 degrees. 现在好冷，现在的气温可能低达零下15度。 （对事实推测） 4) 允许 表示允许的情态动词是：can, could, may, might。 might和could并不是过去时态，只是比 may和can委婉而已。can和may既可用于陈述句中 表示给与许可，也可用于疑问句表示请求 或询问许可；而could和might只用于疑问句中请求 或询问许可。 Where can / could / may / might I make a phone call? Can / Could / May / Might I make a phone call in the room? Lucy: No, you cant / may not. But you can / may make one in the hall. 5) 请求对方做某事 表示请求对方做某事的情态动词是：will / can / could / would you could和would并不是 过去时态，只是比can和will委婉而已。Would you mind是一个常用的表达请求对方的固定结构。Would 不能换为Will。 Would / Will / Could / Can you help me with the bag? 麻烦你帮我拧这个包行吗？ Would you mind if I used your phone? 我可以用你的 电话吗？ Would you mind my / me watching a bit of TV? 我看 会儿电视可以吗？ 6) 劝告 had better, might / may, could, can, should / ought to, have to, must可以用来进行劝告。 Youd better ask for professional advice. 你最好寻 求专业的意见。 You must hurry, or it would be too late. 你一定要快 点，否则要迟到了。 She may as well rent a car for travelling. 她不妨租 车出行。 7) 胆量 dare作情态动词表示“敢”，只用于否定和疑问句。 Dare you do that? I dare not ask him. 但dare作实意动词否定、疑问和否定句都可用，搭 配是dare to do。 She dares to touch that fierce dog. 8) 邀请 Will you / would you / can you / could you都可以表示 邀请。Would you like是非常常用的邀请用语。 would和could不是过去时态，而是比will / can更委婉 的说法。如： Will you have a drink? 要不要喝一杯？ Can you come to my party? 你能否参加我的聚会？ Could you have dinner with me? 你能和我一起共进晚餐吗？ Would you like to dance? 想跳舞吗？ 9) will和would的其它情态含义： will还可表示以下情态含义，would是其过去式。 (1)表示主语当前的强烈决心，常翻译为“偏要，非得 ，坚决要”，相当于insist that/ insist on (doing) sth。如：He will gamble despite my anger. = He insists on gambling despite my anger. (2) 表示愿意。如： Ill help you if you want. She said she would lend you some money. (3) 表示客观规律，可译为“总会，终归”；或习惯行 为倾向，可译为“常常，喜欢”。would表示过去的 习惯行为倾向。 Cats and dogs wont get along. 猫和狗总是合不来。 She will sit under the tree thinking of the happy days. 她常坐在树下回想那些快乐的时光。 She would quarrel with her brother over food when she was young. 她小时候老是和她哥哥为争东西吃吵嘴。 10) shall (1) shall + 第一人称和第三人称在疑问句中向听话 人征求意见或指示。如： Shall I open the door for you? 我给你开门，好吗？ Shall we stay together until it is light？ 我们天亮了再分开吧？ Shall Tom help you with it? Tom来帮你，好不好？ Shall they bring their old clothes? 要不要他们把旧衣 服带过来？ (2) 用于第二，三人称的陈